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ME A 3102 ENGINEERING MECHANICS

UNIT V: DYNAMICS OF PARTICLES

BASIC DEFINITIONS

Rectilinear motion: When a body moves along a straight line (horizontal, vertical or inclined
straight motion), then the motion is said to be rectilinear.

Distance: The movement of a particle in certain duration of time is called the distance travelled
by the particle in that period of time. It is measured in meters.

Velocity: Velocity of a particle can be defined as the distance travelled per unit time. Its unit is
m/s. It is given by:

Acceleration: Acceleration of a particle can be defined as the rate of change of velocity with
respect to time. Its unit is m/s2. It is given by:

A = d2x / dt2

Velocity and acceleration are vector quantities.

Equations of rectilinear motion:

v= u + at v2= v1 + at
2 2
v = u + 2as v22 = v12 + 2as
s = ut +½at2 s = v1t +½at2

u- Initial velocity (m/s) v1- Initial velocity (m/s)

v- Final velocity (m/s) v2- Final velocity (m/s)
s- Distance travelled (m) s- Distance travelled (m)
a- Acceleration (m/s2) a- Acceleration (m/s2)
t – Duration of time(s) t – Duration of time(s)

Engineering Mechanics – Unit V Dynamics of Particles Dr.M.Ramakrishnan, Professor, Mechanical Engineering, Hindustan University
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PROBLEMS IN RECTILINEAR MOTION

V-1 A particle moves on a straight line and its motion is defined by x = t4 – 14t2 – 50 where
„x‟ is the position expressed in meter and „t‟ is the time in seconds. Determine the
position, velocity and acceleration when t=3s.
Given: x = t4 – 14t2 – 50
At, t = 3s , x = 34 – 14x32 – 50 = –95m
v = dx/dt = 4t3 – 28t
= 4x33 – 28x3 = 24 m/s
a = dv/dt = 12t2 – 28
= 12x32 – 28 = 80 m/s2
V-2 The motion of a particle is defined by x = 2t3 – 6t +15 where „x‟ is in meter and „t‟ in
second. Determine the time, position and acceleration when the velocity is zero.

Given: x = 2t3 – 6t +15

Equation of velocity, v = dx/dt = 6t2 – 6
Equation of acceleration, a = dv/dt = 12t
When v=0, 6t2 – 6 =0
t= 6/6 = 1 sec
Hence at v=0, t = 1 sec
At v=0, Position, x = 2(1)3 – 6(1) +15 = 11 m
At v=0, Acceleration, a = 122(1) = 12 m/s2
V-3 The motion of a particle is defined by the relation x = 3t3 – 18t2 + 26t + 8 where „x‟ is
the position in meter and „t‟ is the time in seconds. Determine (i) the time when the
velocity is zero and (ii) the time and position when the acceleration becomes zero.

Given: x = 3t3 – 18t2 + 26t + 8

Equation of velocity, v = dx/dt = 9t2 – 36t + 26
Equation of acceleration, a = dv/dt = 18t – 36
(i) When v=0, 9t2 – 36t + 26 =0

-36 ± 362 - (4x9x26)

Solving (1), t = ------------------------------- = 3.1s or 0.95
2x36
(ii) When a=0, 18t – 36 = 0
t = 36/18 = 2 sec
(iii) Position when acceleration is zero is calculated for the above value of t=2s.
At t=2, x = 3(2)3 – 18(2)2 + 26(2) + 8 = 12m

Engineering Mechanics – Unit V Dynamics of Particles Dr.M.Ramakrishnan, Professor, Mechanical Engineering, Hindustan University
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V-4 The velocity of a particle is given by V=2t3 + 6t2. Find the distance travelled by it while
its velocity increases from 8 m/sec to 108 m/sec.

Given: Equation of velocity v = 2t3 + 6t2

At v=8, 8 = 2t3 + 6t2 ----------------- (1)
Solving (1) t =1 sec

At v=108, 108 = 2t3 + 6t2 ----------------- (2)

Solving (2) t =3 sec
3
4 3
Equation of displacement, x = ʃdx/dt = t /2 + 2t
1

= {(3 /2) + 2x33)} – {(14/2 + 2x13)}

4

= 92 m
V-5 An automobile travels 600m in 40s when it is accelerated at a constant rate of 0.6m/s2.
Determine the initial and final velocity and the distance travelled for the first 12sec.

Given: s = 600 m
t = 40 s
a = 0.6 m/s2
s = ut +½at2
600 = ux40 + 0.5 x 0.6 x 402
600 = 40u + 48
u = (600 – 48)/40 = 13.8 m/s

Calculation of Final Velocity

v = u + at
= 13.8 + 0.6 x 40
v = 37.8 m/s
Distance travelled in first 12s

s = ut +½at2
= 13.8x12 + 0.5 x 0.6 x 122
= 208.8 m

Engineering Mechanics – Unit V Dynamics of Particles Dr.M.Ramakrishnan, Professor, Mechanical Engineering, Hindustan University
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V-6 A train running at 80km/h is brought to a standing halt after 50 seconds. Find the
retardation and the distance travelled by the train before it comes to halt.

Given: Velocity v = 80 km/h

80 x1000
v = --------------- = 22.2 m/s
60 x60
Time, t = 50 sec

Initial velocity, v1 = 22.2

Final velocity, v2 =0
Time, t = 50
To find: retardation & distance travelled

Applying the equations of motion, v2= v1 + at

0= 22.2 + a(50)
a = - 0.44 m/s2

Distance travelled, s = v1t +½at2

= (22.2 x 50) + (0.5 x -0.44 x 502)
= 1110 - 550
= 560 m

V-7 A particle under constant deceleration is moving on a straight line and covers a distance
of 25m in the first 3s and 40m in the next 6s. Calculate the distance it covers in
subsequent 2s and the total distance covered before it comes to rest.

A B C D E

s1=25m S2=40m S3= ?

t1= 3s t2= 6s t3= 2s

[I] Motion between A & B

sAB = vAt +½at2
25 = vA x 3 + 0.5 x a x 32
3vA + 4.5a = 25 -----------------(1)

[II] Motion between A & C

sAC = vAt +½at2
65 = vA x 9 + 0.5 x a x 92
9vA + 40.5a = 65 -----------------(2)

Engineering Mechanics – Unit V Dynamics of Particles Dr.M.Ramakrishnan, Professor, Mechanical Engineering, Hindustan University
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Solving (1) & (2) (1)x-3 -9vA – 13.5a = -75

(2) 9vA + 40.5a = 65
Add +27a = -10
a = -10/27 = - 0.37 m/s2

Substituting the value of “a” in (1), 3vA + 4.5x -0.37 = 25

vA = 8.9 m/s

To find vC
VC= vA + at
= 8.9 + (–0.37) x 9
VC = 5.57 m/s

[III] Motion between C & D

SCD = vCt +½at2
= 5.57 x 2 + 0.5 x (–0.37) x 22
= 10.4 m

Distance travelled in subsequent 2 seconds = 10.4 m

[IV] Motion between A & E – Total distance calculation

VE2 = vA2 + 2asAE
0 = 8.92 + 2 x (–0.37) x s
sAE = 107 m

V-8 A stone is thrown vertically upwards at a point on a bridge located 40m above the water.
If it strikes the water after 4s, determine (i) the speed at which the stone was thrown up
and (ii) the speed at which the stone was strikes the water.
2

h
Bridge 1 h+40
40
40m
Water Level
3

[I] Upward Motion between 1 & 2

Input Values: g = – 9.81 m/s2 and v2 = 0
v2 = v1 + at
0 = v1+ (–9.81) x t
v1 = 9.81 t -----------------(1)

Engineering Mechanics – Unit V Dynamics of Particles Dr.M.Ramakrishnan, Professor, Mechanical Engineering, Hindustan University
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Also S12 = v1t +½at2

h = v1 x t + 0.5 x (–9.81) x t2
Substituting for v1 from (1),
h = 9.81t x t + 0.5 x (–9.81) x t2
h = 4.9t2 -----------------(2)
[II] Downward Motion between 2 & 3
Input Values: g = 9.81 m/s2 t23 = 4 – t s23 = h + 40 v2 = 0
S23 = v2t +½at2
h + 40 = 0x t + 0.5 x (9.81) x (4 – t)2
h + 40 = 4.9 x (4 – t)2 -----------------(3)
Substituting for h from (2),
4.9t2 + 40 = 4.9 x (4 – t)2
39.24 t = 38.5
t = 0.98 sec
From (1) v1 = 9.81 x 0.98 = 9.61 m/s
v3 = v2 + a (4 – t)
v3 = 0 + 9.81 (4 – 0.98)
v3 = 29.6 m/s
V-9 Find the height of a tower from the top of which an object falls freely and during the last
second of its motion, the object travels a distance equal to 2/3 of the height of the tower.
Take g=9.80 m/s2
Tower top
1
⅓h
(t-1) sec
2 h
t sec
⅔h
1 sec Ground Level
3

[I] Downward Motion between 1 & 2

Input Values: g = 9.81 m/s2 v1 = 0 t12 = (t – 1) & S12 =⅓h
S12 = v1t12 +½at122
h/3 = 0 x (t – 1) + 0.5 x (9.81) x (t – 1)2
h/3 = 4.9(t2 – 2t +1)
h = 14.7t2 – 29.43t + 14.7 -----------------(1)

Engineering Mechanics – Unit V Dynamics of Particles Dr.M.Ramakrishnan, Professor, Mechanical Engineering, Hindustan University
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[II] Downward Motion between 1 & 3

Input Values: g = 9.81 m/s2 t13 = t S13=h
S13 = v1t13 +½at132
h = 0 + (0.5 x 9.81 x t2
h = 4.9t2 -------------(2)

Equating (1) and (2) for h, 14.7t2 – 29.43t + 14.7 = 4.9t2

9.81t2 –29.43t +14.7 =0

29.43 ± 29.432 - (4x9.81x14.7)

Solving (1), t = ---------------------------------------------- = 2.36s or 0.64
2x9.81

As the second value (0.64s) of „t‟ is lower than the t23 (1.0s), it is discarded.
Hence t = 2.36s
Substituting t in (2), h = 9.81x2.362 = 54.63 m

Engineering Mechanics – Unit V Dynamics of Particles Dr.M.Ramakrishnan, Professor, Mechanical Engineering, Hindustan University
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PROBLEMS IN RELATIVE MOTION

V-10 A police officer observes a car approaching at a uniform speed of 60 km/h. He, on his
motorbike starts chasing the car as it just crosses him. After accelerating at a constant
rate for 10s, he attains his top speed of 75 km/h. How long does it take to overtake the
car and at what distance.
VC2= 6.67m/s
VC1= 6.67m/s
SC2=66.7m
Car 2
10S
3
1
2
Bike
10S
VB2= 20.83 m/s
VB1= 0 SB2=104m

[I] Motion of CAR

Constant speed of Car = 60 km/hour = (60x1000)/(60x60) = 16.67 m/s
Distance travelled in 10s at a constant velocity of 16.67 m/s, SC = VCt
= 16.67 x 10 = 166.7 m
[I] Motion of BIKE
Initial velocity VB1= 0
Final speed = 75 km/hour = (75x1000)/(60x60) = 20.8 m/s
Calculate acceleration: VB2 = VB1 + at
20.8= 0 + (a x10)
a = 20.8/10 = 2.08 m/s2

Distance travelled by bike at uniform acceleration of 2.08m/s2 for 10seconds:

SB = vB1t + ½at2
= 0 + 0.5 x 2.08 x 102 = 104 m

(III) Calculation for relative motion

Equation for distance travelled for car, SC = 166.7 + VC2 t = 166.7+16.67t ----(1)
Equation for distance travelled for bike, SB = 104 + VB2 t = 104 +20.8t ---- (2)
Equating (1) & (2) to get time of meeting
166.7 + 16.67 t = 104 + 20.8 t
4.13t = 62.7
t = 62.7/4.13 = 15.18s

Time of meeting = 15.18 seconds

Distance of meeting = 166.7 + 16.67x15.18 = 419.8m

Engineering Mechanics – Unit V Dynamics of Particles Dr.M.Ramakrishnan, Professor, Mechanical Engineering, Hindustan University
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V-11 Two trains A and B leave the same station on parallel lines. „A‟ starts with a uniform
acceleration of 0.15m/s2 and attains the speed of 24 km/hour when the steam is reduced
to keep speed constant. „B‟ leaves 40 seconds after with acceleration of 0.3 m/s2 to
attain a maximum speed of 48 km/hour. When will „B‟ overtake „A‟?

VA3= 6.67m/s VA2= 6 m/s VA3= 6.67m/s

VA1= 0
SA3=148.5m SA2=120m SA3=148.5m
A

2 3 4
1
B
40S 4.5S
VB3= 1.35m/s
VB2= 0
SB3=3m

[I] Motion of train A

Input Values: a =0.15m/s2
Initial velocity VA1= 0
Final speed = 24 km/hour = (24x1000)/(60x60) = 6.67 m/s
Final velocity, vAmax = 6.67 m/s

Time to attain full speed (velocity of 6.67m/s) for train A:

vAmax = VA1 + atA
6.67 = 0 + 0.15 x tA
Time to attain full speed (velocity of 6.67m/s) for train A, tA = 44.5 sec

Distance travelled by train A to attain full speed (velocity of 6.67 m/s):

SA = uAt + ½atA2 = 0 + 0.5 x 0.15 x 44.52 = 148.5 m

Velocity of train A at 40s, VA(40S) = vA1 + at = 0 + 0.15x40 = 6 m/s

Distance travelled by train A at 40s, SA(40S) = VA1 + ½at2 = 0 + 0.5x0.15x402 = 120m

[I] Motion of train B

Input Values: a =0.3m/s2
Initial velocity uB= 0
Final speed = 48 km/hour = (48x1000)/(60x60) = 13.3 m/s
Final velocity, vB= 13.3 m/s

Time to attain full speed (velocity of 13.3m/s) for train B:

VBmax = VB1 + atB
13.33 = 0 + 0.3 x tB
tB = 44.5 sec
Distance travelled by train B to attain full speed (velocity of 13.3m/s):

Engineering Mechanics – Unit V Dynamics of Particles Dr.M.Ramakrishnan, Professor, Mechanical Engineering, Hindustan University
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SB = uBt + ½atB2 = 0 + 0.5 x 0.3 x 44.52 = 297 m

Velocity of train B at 4.5s, VB(4.5S) = vB1 + at = 0 + 0.3x4.5 = 1.35 m/s

Distance travelled by train B at 4.5s, SB(4.5S) = VB1 + ½at2 = 0 + 0.5x0.3x4.52 = 3.0m
(III) Calculation for relative motion

Equation for distance travelled from location 3 for train A, SA = VA3 t ---------(1)
[Uniform velocity motion for train A from location 3 ]
Equation for distance travelled from location 3 for train B, SB = VB3 t + ½at2 ----(2)
[Uniformly accelerated motion for train B from location 3 ]

Equating (1) & (2) to get time of meeting from location 3,

VA3 t = VB3 t + ½at2

6.67t = 1.35t + 0.5x0.3xt2
0.15t2 - 5.32t = 0
t(0.15t - 5.32) = 0
since t ≠ 0, 0.15t - 5.32 =0
t = 5.32/0.15 = 35.5 sec
Time of meeting from location 3 =35.5 sec
Time of meeting from starting of train B (Location 2) = 35.5 +4.5 = 40 sec

Engineering Mechanics – Unit V Dynamics of Particles Dr.M.Ramakrishnan, Professor, Mechanical Engineering, Hindustan University
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NEWTONS SECOND LAW OF MOTION & D’ALEMBERT’S PRINCIPLE

Newton’s second law of motion:

“The rate of change of momentum is directly proportional to the force acting on it and it takes
place in the direction of force”.

When a particle is subjected to a force, the particle accelerates in the direction of force. The
magnitude of acceleration depends on the magnitude of mass and force. Hence, newton‟s second
law defines the relationship between the applied force (F) and the mass (m) and acceleration (a)
of the particle.

F=ma

D’Alembert’s Principle:

The force system consisting of external forces and inertia forces can be considered to keep the
particle under equilibrium. Since the resultant external force is not equal to zero, the particle is
said to be in dynamic equilibrium. This principle is known as D‟Alembert‟s Principle.

IMPULSE – MOMENTUM PRINCIPLE

Momentum of a particle is the quantity of motion possessed by a moving particle.

Mathematically, it is equal to the product of mass and velocity.
Impulse force is a large force that acts in a short duration of time. The impulse applied over a
particle is equal to the change of momentum and this is called impulse-momentum principle.
Momentum, M = mv
Impulse, I = m(v2 – v1)
Where m – mass (kg)
v – Instantaneous velocity (m/s)
v1 - Initial velocity (m/s)
v2 - Final velocity (m/s)

Unit of momentum as well as impulse is kg-m/s or N-s

Engineering Mechanics – Unit V Dynamics of Particles Dr.M.Ramakrishnan, Professor, Mechanical Engineering, Hindustan University
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WORK – ENERGY PRINCIPLE

Work done by a force on a particle, which moves the particle by a distance (s) along the
direction of motion will either increase or decrease the kinetic energy of the particle. This is
called work – energy principle.
(KE)1 + Work done =(KE)2
½mv12 + F x s = ½mv22
Work done = ½m(v22 – v12)
Where m – Mass (kg)
v1 - Initial velocity
v2 - Final velocity

IMPACT OF ELASTIC BODIES

Impact: It is a collision between two bodies which occurs in a very short interval of time during
which the two bodies exert relatively large forces on each other.

Coefficient of Restitution: The ratio of magnitudes of impulses corresponding to the period of

restitution and to the period of deformation is called coefficient of restitution.

Impulse during restitution

Coefficient of restitution, e = ---------------------------------------
Impulse during deformation

Relative Velocity of Separation

Coefficient of restitution, e = --------------------------------------------
Relative Velocity of Approach
If e =1, the impact is perfectly elastic
If e =0, the impact is perfectly plastic

Engineering Mechanics – Unit V Dynamics of Particles Dr.M.Ramakrishnan, Professor, Mechanical Engineering, Hindustan University
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PROBLEMS IN IMPACT
V-12 A rigid body is acted upon by a force of 100N, the velocity of body changes from 15m/s
to 25 m/s during the period of 50s. Find the mass of the body and the distance moved by
the body during the time interval.

Given;
Initial velocity, u = 15 m/s
Final velocity, V = 25 m/s
Time, t =50s
Calculation of Acceleration, a :

v = u + at
25 = 15 + a x 50
a = 0.2 m/s2
F= ma
100 = m x 0.2
m = 500 kg

Work done = ½m(v22 – v12)

F x s = ½m(v22 – v12)
100 x s = 0.5 x 500 x (252 – 152)
s = 1000 m

V-13 A mass 12 kg travelling to the right with a speed of 8m/s collides with another mass 20
kg to the left travelling with the speed of 25 m/s. If the coefficient of restitution is 0.6,
find the velocities of the particles after collision and loss of kinetic energy. What is the
impulse acting on either particle during impact?

Given:
m1= 12 kg
v1 = 8 m/s
m2= 20 kg
v2 = -25 m/s

m1v1 + m2v2 = m1v1F + m2v2F

(12x8) + (20x-25) = (12x v1F) + (20x v2F)
96 - 500 = 12 v1F + 20v2F
12 v1F + 20v2F = - 404 -----------------(1)

(v2F – v1F)
e = -------------------
(v1 – v2)

(v2F – v1F)
0.6 = -------------------
(8 – (-20))

Engineering Mechanics – Unit V Dynamics of Particles Dr.M.Ramakrishnan, Professor, Mechanical Engineering, Hindustan University
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v2F – v1F = 16.8 ------------------(2)

Solving (1) & (2) (1) 12 v1F + 20v2F = - 404

(2)x12 - 12 v1F + 12v2F = 201.6
Add +32 v2F = -202.4
v2F = -202.4/32 = - 6.325 m/s

Substituting the value of “v2F” in (2), -6.325 - v1F = 16.8

V1F = -23.125 m/s
Calculation for Loss of kinetic energy:

Initial Kinetic energy = ½[ m1v12 + m2v22]

= 0.5[12x82 + 20x(-25)2] = 13268

Final Kinetic energy = ½[ m1v1F2 + m2v2F2]

= 0.5[12x(-23.125)2 + 20x(-6.325)2] = 3608.65

Loss of Kinetic energy = 13268 - 3608.65 = 9659.35

Calculation for Impulse:

Change in momentum(impulse) for body1 = m1v1F - m1v1

= 12x(-23.125) - 12x8 = -373.5
Change in momentum(impulse) for body2 = m2v2F – m2v2
= 20x(-6.325) - 20x(-25) = 373.5

Engineering Mechanics – Unit V Dynamics of Particles Dr.M.Ramakrishnan, Professor, Mechanical Engineering, Hindustan University
 15

PART-A Q&A UNIT V - DYNAMICS OF PARTICLES

V-1 Differentiate between kinematics and kinetics

Study of motion of bodies without referring to the forces causing the motion is
termed as kinematics.

Study of motion of bodies by accounting the forces causing the motion is termed as
kinetics

V-2 What do you understand by the term “rectilinear motion”?

Motion of a body on a straight line is called rectilinear motion. The line may be
horizontal, vertical or inclined; however, when the motion is along a straight line,
then it is said to be rectilinear.

V-3 Define velocity

Velocity of a particle can be defined as the distance travelled per unit time. Its unit is
m/s. It is given by:
V = dx / dt

V-4 Define acceleration

Acceleration of a particle can be defined as the rate of change of velocity with respect
to time. Its unit is m/s2. It is given by:

A = d2x / dt2

V-5 What is relative motion?

Relative position is the position of a particle with respect to another particle.

Similarly, the relative velocity is the velocity of a particle with respect to another
particle. Hence, when the parameters (position, velocity, acceleration) describing a
motion is considered with respect to another particle, it is called relative motion.

V-6 Define curvilinear motion. Indicate the components of curvilinear motion?

If a particle moves along a curved path other than straight line, the motion is said to
be curvilinear. Curvilinear motion has two components.
i. Tangential component
ii. Normal or radial component.

Engineering Mechanics – Unit V Dynamics of Particles Dr.M.Ramakrishnan, Professor, Mechanical Engineering, Hindustan University
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V-7 Define Newton’s second law of motion

The rate of change of momentum is directly proportional to the force acting on it and
it takes place in the direction of force.

V-8 Give the technical significance of Newton’s second law to particles in motion.

When a particle is subjected to a force, the particle accelerates in the direction of

force. The magnitude of acceleration depends on the magnitude of mass and force.
Hence, newton‟s second law defines the relationship between the applied force (F)
and the mass (m) and acceleration (a) of the particle.
F=ma
V-9 Define D’Alembert’s Principle

The force system consisting of external forces and inertia forces can be considered to
keep the particle under equilibrium. Since the resultant external force is not equal to
zero, the particle is said to be in dynamic equilibrium. This principle is known as
D‟Alembert‟s Principle.

V-10 Define impulse and momentum

Momentum of a particle is the quantity of motion possessed by a moving particle.

Mathematically, it is equal to the product of mass and velocity.
Impulse force is a large force that acts in a short duration of time. The impulse
applied over a particle is equal to the change of momentum and this is called impulse-
momentum principle.
Momentum, M = mV
Impulse, I = m(v2 – v1)
Where m – mass(kg)
V – Instantaneous velocity(m/s) &
V1, V2 are initial and final velocity respectively
Unit of momentum as well as impulse is is kg-m/s or N-s
V-13 Define Coefficient of Restitution

The ratio of magnitudes of impulses corresponding to the period of restitution and to

the period of deformation is called coefficient of restitution.

Impulse during restitution

Coefficient of restitution, e = ---------------------------------------
Impulse during deformation

Engineering Mechanics – Unit V Dynamics of Particles Dr.M.Ramakrishnan, Professor, Mechanical Engineering, Hindustan University
 17

TUTORIAL PROBLEMS IN UNIT V-DYNAMICS OF PARICLES

V-1 The velocity of a particle is given by V = 4t3 – 5t2. When does the acceleration of the
particle becomes zero?

V-2 The motion of a particle is given by the relation x = 4t3 – 20t2 + 20t +8. When does
the velocity of the particle becomes zero?

V-3 A particle is vertically thrown up with a velocity of 49.05 m/s. what will be the
velocity of particle after 3s?

V-4 A lift starts and accelerates at a constant rate of 3m/s2. What is the velocity of the lift
after it has travelled to a distance of 13.5m?

V-5 The motion of a particle is defined by the relation x = 4t3 – 20t2 + 20t +15 where „x‟
is in meter and „t‟ in second. Determine the time, position and acceleration when the
velocity is zero.

V-6 The velocity of a particle is given by V=4t3 + 6t2. Find the distance travelled by it
while its velocity increases from 12 m/sec to 96 m/sec.

V-7 A train running at 65km/h is brought to a standing halt after 45 seconds. Find the
retardation and the distance travelled by the train before it comes to halt.

V-8 A man is standing on a bridge and a stone is thrown by him vertically upwards with a
velocity of 15 m/s. if it strikes the water after 3.5s, determine (i) the height of a
bridge with respect to the water level and (ii) the speed with which the stone strikes
the water.

V-9 A rigid body is acted upon by a force of 100N, the velocity of body changes from
15m/s to 25 m/s during the period of 50s. Find the mass of the body and the distance
moved by the body during the time interval.

V-10 A police officer observes a motorist who is approaching at a uniform speed of 80

km/h. He, in his patrol car starts chasing it as it just crosses him. After accelerating
for 8s at a constant rate, he attains his top speed of 120 km/h. How long does it take
to overtake the motorist and at what distance?

V-11 Direct central impact of occurs between 300N body moving to right with a velocity
of 6m/s and a 150N body moving to the left with a velocity of 10m/s. Find the
velocity of each body after impact, if the coefficient of restitution is 0.8.

Engineering Mechanics – Unit V Dynamics of Particles Dr.M.Ramakrishnan, Professor, Mechanical Engineering, Hindustan University