QUIZ 3

Alec Julian Muñoz Quitian

Nicolás David Rincón Cañón

1. a)p→q
a)q∧p
a)(¬q) ∨ (¬p)
a)q↔p
2.

p q r p∨ q p∧¬r p∧¬r (p∨q)→(p∧¬r)

V V V F T F F

V V F V V V V

V F V F V F F

V F F V V V V

F V V F V F F

F V F V V F F

F F V F F F V

F F F V F F V

3.

a)

(¬q∧(p→q))→¬p

Use logical equivalence (1) ( twice):

≡¬(¬q∧(p→q))∨¬p
≡¬(¬q∧(¬p∨q))∨¬p

Use De Morgan’s law (twice):

≡(¬(¬q)∨¬(¬p∨q))∨¬p
≡(¬(¬q)∨(¬(¬p)∧¬q))∨¬p

Use double negation law:

≡(q∨(p∧¬q))∨¬p

Use distribution law:

≡((q∨p)∧(q∨¬q))∨¬p

Use negation law:

≡((q∨p)∧T)∨¬p

Use identity law:

≡(q∨p)∨¬p
Use associative law:
≡q∨(p∨¬p)

Use negation law:

≡q∨T

Use domination law:

≡T

b)
((p ∨ q) ∧ ¬p)→q

Use logical equivalence (1):

≡¬((p∨q)∧¬p∨q

Use De Morgan’s law (twice):

≡(¬p∨q)¬(¬p))q
≡((¬p∨¬q)¬(¬p))∨q

Use double negation law:

≡((¬p∧¬q)∨p)∨q

Use distribution law:

≡((¬p∨p)∧(¬q∨p))∨q

Use negation law:

≡(T∧(¬q∨p))∨q

Use identity law:

≡(¬q∨p)∨q

Use associative law:

≡¬q ∨(q∨p)

Use commutative law:

≡¬q ∨(p∨q)

Use associative law:

≡(¬q∨q)p

Use negation law:

≡T∨p

Use domination law:

≡T

4)

8)

Step

1. p→q
2. p→r
3. q→¬r
4. p
5. q
6. r
7. ¬r

Reason

1.Premise
2.Premise
3.Premise
4.Premise
5.Modus ponens from (1) and (4)
6.Modus ponens from (2) and (4)
7.Modus ponens from (3) and (5)

9)

Step

1. ¬p→¬q
2. ¬p→¬r
3. s→r
4. ¬p∧s
5. p
6. s
7. ¬q
8. ¬r
9. r

Reason
1.Premise
2.Premise
3.Premise
4.Premise
5.Simplification from (4)
6.Simplification from (4)
7.Modus ponens from (1) and (5)
8.Modus ponens from (2) and (7)
9.Modus ponens from (3) and (4)

13)

Aaron must be a knave, because a knight would never make the false statement that all of them are
knaves. If Bohan is a knight, he would be speaking the truth if Crystal is a knight , so that is one
possibility. On the other hand, Bohan might be a knave, in which case his statement is already false,
regardless of Crystal’s identity. In this case, if Crystal were also a knave, then Aaron would have told
the truth , which is impossible. So there are two possibilities for the ordered (Aaron, Bohan, Crystal),
namely (knave, knight, knight) and (knave, knave, knight)

14)
Anita(A)= knave
Boris(B)= knave
Carmen(C)= knave

Parte II

1.
a. A ∩ B = {5}
b. A U B = {0, 2, 5}
c. A ∩ B’ = {0}
d. A’ ∩ B = {2}
e. A’ ∩ B’ = {8}

3.
a. A ∩ B ∩ C = {1}
b. A ∩ B ∩ C’ = {3}
c. A ∩ B’ ∩ C = {4}
d. A’ ∩ B ∩ C = {0)
e. A’ ∩ B’ ∩ C = {2}
f. A ∩ B’ ∩ C’ = {8}
g. A’ ∩ B ∩ C’ = {2}
h. A’ ∩ B’ ∩ C’ = {6}

5. n(A U B) = 12 + 14 - 5 = 21
6. n(A U B) = 16 + 28 - 5 = 39
7. n(A ∩ B) = 20 + 12 - 25 = 7
8. n(A ∩ B) = 20 + 24 - 30 = 14
9. n(A) = 55 - 35 + 15 = 35
10. n(B) = 30 - 20 + 6 = 16
11.

A B
12 7 6

5 U

12.

A B
20 5 25

43 U

13.

A B
15 10 18

40 U

14.

A B
5 8 2

11 U
15.

A B
16 20 -22
15
6 10

C 18

5 U

20.

a) 2
b) 3
c) 10
d) 5

22.

a) 23
b) 2
c) 8
d) 18
c) 21