Wigmore High School Summer Learning 2020

Subject: Science Year group: 8 Group/Set/Class: All Teacher: All

Date work set: 27th April Date work to be completed by: 8th May

Topic: Metals and acids

Learning outcomes:

1. Describe what happens when a metal reacts with an acid.

2. Use information to compare the reactivity of different metals.

3. Describe how to test for hydrogen gas.

4. Describe how metals react with oxygen and water.

5. Describe and explain what happens in displacement reactions.

6. Describe an explain how displacement reactions are used to extract metals.

7. Describe and explain the properties of ceramics and polymers.

8. Explain what composite materials are and why they are useful.

The following tasks are to help you understand the content of the ‘Metals and acids’ section
of our course. Please, do not attempt any of the experiments described in the activities/
websites or shown in the videos at home.

These websites contain notes and videos which may be helpful in addition to the kerboodle
pages listed in the activities. You can find the relevant sections by looking at the title of each
activity and finding the equivalent section of the website.

https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zqwmxnb/revision/1

https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/ztxnsbk/revision/1
 Metal and acid reactions

Use pages 86 and 87 of the kerboodle textbook to complete this section of

activities. You will need to read through the pages before completing the
questions.

Students set up a practical and record the following observations.

1 2 3 4 5

Each container has hydrochloric acid in it along with a metal.

1 – magnesium 2 – copper 3 – zinc 4 – iron 5 – aluminium

Tasks

1. How do you know a reaction is happening in the containers?

__________________________________________________
2. What do the bubbles in the container mean is being produced in the
reaction?
__________________________________________________
3. Which is the most reactive metal? How do you know?
__________________________________________________
4. Rank the containers in order or reactivity – highest first.
__________________________________________________
5. Describe one way to make sure the experiment the students completed
was fair.
_______________________________________________________

6. Write a word equation for each reaction

7. Describe a test that could be used to prove that hydrogen was the gas
being produced.

Extension part 1: The students have an unknown metal; explain what

they could do to find out how reactive a metal is (make sure you include
details of fair testing).

Extension part 2: The students carry out more reactions; complete

the word equations.
a) Lithium + nitric acid

b) Sodium + sulphuric acid

c) + hydrogen + lead chloride

 Metal and oxygen reactions

Please use pages 88 and 89 of the kerboodle textbook to complete this

section of activities. You will need to read through the pages first.

1. Magnesium reacts with oxygen to make magnesium

Key words:
oxide.

a. What are the two reactants? • Reactant

……………………………………………………

b. What is the product? • Product

……………………………………………………

c. Write a word equation for this reaction.

• Word equation

…………………………………………………………………………………………………
• Chemical change
2. Which is the most reactive metal? Iron, magnesium or copper. Why do you
think this? Use the table on page 89 to help you.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Extension:

3. Complete the equations for the following reactions.

a. copper + oxygen → ……………………………………………..

b. lithium + oxygen → …………………………………………….

c. sodium + ……………………………………… → sodium oxide

d. aluminium + ……………………………….. → aluminium oxide

e. …………………………….. + oxygen → potassium oxide

f. …………………………….. + oxygen → calcium oxide

 Metal and water reactions

Please use pages 90-91 of the kerboodle textbook to complete this section of
activities. You will need to read through the pages before completing the activity.

Task 1: Write a description of the reaction between calcium and water using page 90 of
the kerboodle textbook.

Task 2: Write a description of the reaction between magnesium and steam using page
91 of the kerboodle textbook.

Task 3: Write down the ‘reactivity series’ of metals. This tells you the order of
reactivity of metals. Reactivity is a measure of how reactive different elements are.

Extension: Alkali metal + water → metal hydroxide + hydrogen

Knowing this what must be the products when…

Lithium + water → ___________ + _______

Sodium + water → ___________ + _______

Potassium + water → ___________ + _______

Rubidium + water → ___________ + _______

Caesium + water → ___________ + _______

 Metal displacement reactions

Please use pages 92 and 93 of the kerboodle textbook in order to

complete this section of your work. You will need to read through the
page before completing the questions.

Task 1: What happens in a displacement reaction? Describe an example and

explain why this is a displacement reaction. (Use the ideas about reactivity in
your answer.)

Task 2: The table shows the observations made when four metals are added to
cold water and to dilute hydrochloric acid.

(a) Write the names of these four metals in the order of

their reactivity.

most reactive ..................................................

..................................................

.................................................

Least reactive .................................................. 1 mark

(b) (i) Give the name of another metal, not in the table,
which reacts in a similar way to potassium.

.............................................................................................................
1 mark

(ii) What gas is formed when zinc reacts with dilute

hydrochloric acid?

.............................................................................................................
1 mark

(iii) The experiment with potassium and dilute

hydrochloric acid should not be done in school
laboratories. Suggest why it is dangerous.

.............................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................
1 mark

(c) A scientist set up two test-tubes as shown below.

In test-tube B the zinc strip was slowly covered with a grey

deposit.
Nothing happened in the other test-tube.

(i) What was the grey deposit in test-tube B?

.............................................................................................................
1 mark
 (ii) Why was this grey deposit formed in test-tube B?

.............................................................................................................
1 mark

(iii) Explain why no reaction took place in test-tube A.

.............................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................
1 mark
Maximum 7 marks

Extension question:
Harry mixed zinc with copper sulphate solution in a test-tube.
A displacement reaction took place and the temperature increased.

(a) The word equation for the reaction is shown below.

zinc + copper sulphate → zinc sulphate + copper

Why is this reaction called a displacement reaction?

.......................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................
1 mark
(b) Harry repeated the experiment with two other metals.
He wanted to calculate the temperature rise each time.
His results are shown below.

metal added highest rise in

temperature at
to copper temperature temperature
the start (°C)
sulphate reached (°C) (°C)
zinc 20.0 36.5 16.5

iron 25.5 38.5 13.0

magnesium 19.5 87.5 68.0

Harry used different starting temperatures.

Explain why this did not affect his results.

.......................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................
1 mark

(c) Part of the reactivity series of metals is shown below.

most reactive sodium

calcium
magnesium
aluminum
zinc
iron
lead
least reactive copper

Use the reactivity series above to answer all the questions

below.

(i) Why was the highest rise in temperature obtained with

magnesium and copper sulphate?

.....................................................................................................1mark
(ii) Why was the rise in temperature obtained with zinc and
copper sulphate not much higher than the rise in
temperature obtained with iron and copper sulphate?

................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................
1 mark

(iii) In which of the following mixtures would there be a rise in

temperature?
Write yes or no in each blank box.

Would there be a
mixture
rise in temperature?
aluminum +
sodium chloride
calcium +
zinc sulphate
lead +
zinc chloride
magnesium +
iron chloride
2 marks
maximum 6 marks
 Extracting metals

Use pages 94 and 95 of the kerboodle textbook to complete this section of

the work. You will need to read through the textbook before completing the
tasks.

Task 1: Answer these questions using page 94 of the kerboodle textbook.

1. What is an ‘ore’?
2. What does the word ‘extract’ mean? (In the context of page 94).
3. State the two stages involved in extracting metals from their ores.

Task 2: Read through the experiment below and answer the questions.

1. Write down the letters for each step in order of how the experiment

should be carried out.

________________________________________________

2. Why do you think that the carbon displaces the iron from iron oxide?

_______________________________________________

3. Which metals can be displaced from their ore using

carbon?

_________________________________________

4. Which metals cannot be displaced from their ore using

carbon? _________________________________________
 Ceramics, polymers and composites

Please use pages 96-101 to complete this section of the work.

Describe what ceramics are:

Give two examples:

Fill in some advantages and

disadvantages of using ceramics.

Extension: Using your scientific knowledge, explain why this

vase has a high melting point and is a hard material.
In this activity, you have to use this box to fill in as much information about polymers.
Make sure you include: A description of what polymers are and an example of a polymer.

Extension: Add a short explanation of how monomers join together to produce polymers.

Composites

1. What is a composite material?

2. Why are they made?

3. Give 2 examples of composite materials.

Extension: What properties do you think the following

polymers will need to have?

Note: The term ‘properties’

means characteristics. For
example: strong, flexible, non-
biodegradable.