Answer the following Guide Questions

1. List some basic parameters that need to be tested for water used for drinking

The Government of India enlisted certain parameters that need to be tested for potable
drinking water, the following are: colour, odour, turbidity, soluble salts/TDS, pH, hardness,
calcium, chlorides, sulphate, magnesium, nitrates, fluorides, alkalinity, e-coil and coliform. If
these parameters are not controlled, illness may act on people such as stomachache, intestinal
problems, different taste, ingestion, infectious disease, fluorosis of teeth, bones, and muscles.
It can also be a source of an uncontrolled effect that can lead to a blue baby syndrome.

2. Mention major drinking water quality issues from various sources in your village/town
or area.

Since our town’s water source is from a surface water, a lake, specifically the
Laguna De Bay, the major drinking water quality issues from this source are inadequate
and intermittent water supply as well as development of micro organisms in water that
can cause vomiting, nausea and abdominal pain if the water is consumed not well-treated.

3. What type of treatment can be done for drinking water sources in your area?
The type of treatment that can be done for drinking water in our area is filtration. The
filtration treatment system involves passing through of water in bed of sand, gravel, and
other granular materials. It is useful in removing bacteria, colour, odor and taste caused
by these developed micro-organisms, it is also helpful in removing suspended impurities
in the water.

4. Mention various types of household level water treatment and its use.

There are two types of household level water treatment system that can be used.
First is the basic filtration and boiling, this treatment is at least 10 minute water heating
process that can effectively kill micro-organism, prior to boiling, water should be filtered
with sieve or clean cloth that will remove any particulate matter in the water. Second is
the domestic chlorination treatment, it is a form of disinfection by removal of micro
organisms leading water borne diseases such as diarrhea. It is done through adding
chlorine pills (dosage may vary) that is dissolved in the water, moreover, the mixture
should be used only after half an hour.

5. Mention best way of drinking water-disinfection (in any village/town level)

In any village or town level, the best way of drinking water-disinfection is the
water chlorination treatment system. In spite of the fact that it has numerous limitations,
with the correct process and dosage, disinfecting drinking water though chlorination is
one of the most effective and least-expensive technologies that will assist a certain town.
It also should be encouraged for its low-cost and beneficial effects.
6. What type of treatment system is used when there is high amount of TDS –Total
Dissolved Solids?

The Reverse Osmosis System is the treatment used when there is high amount of
TDS (Total Dissolved Solids) due to the fact that these plants are capable of removing up
to 98 percent of TDS. In addition, they are effective even with TDS concentration of
10000-20000 ppm. Therefore, the RO plants are highly useful in treating water with
various impurities and thus it should be used for high amount of TDS.