Professional Documents
Culture Documents
you belong to. This is ongoing equipment maintenance to ensure that your operations are safe, you're manufacturing quality
widgets, and the final product is safe for all users
“Statutory refers to laws passed by a state and/or central government, while regulatory refers to a rule issued by
a regulatory body appointed by a state and/or central government.” Statutory requirements are those requirements which are
applicable by virtue of law enacted by the government.
What is the difference between statutory and mandatory training? ... Statutory training is required to ensure that the
organization is meeting any legislative duties. On the other hand, mandatory training is an organizational requirement to limit
risk and maintain safe working practice
Statutory compliance Statutory means "of or related to statutes," or what we normally call laws or
regulations. Compliance just means to comply with or adhere to. So statutory compliance means you are following the laws
on a given issue.
The four main tests to perform with a test kit are pH, chlorine, Total Alkalinity and Calcium Hardness. Cyanuric Acid levels
should be tested for on outdoor pools which use chlorine.
How often should I test water for Legionella? ... For open systems, such as cooling towers, evaporative condensers and spa
pools etc, routine testing should be carried out at least quarterly. However, there may be circumstances were more frequent
sampling may be required
District cooling means the centralized production and distribution of cooling energy. Chilled water is delivered via an
underground insulated pipeline to office, industrial and residential buildings to cool the indoor air of the buildings within a
district. Specially designed units in each building then use this water to lower the temperature of air passing through the
building's air conditioning system.
The output of one cooling plant is enough to meet the cooling-energy demand of dozens of buildings. District cooling can be
run on electricity or natural gas, and can use either regular water or seawater. Along with electricity and water, district
cooling constitute a new form of energy service.
District cooling is measured in refrigeration ton which is equivalent to 12000 BTU's per hour. Refrigeration Ton is the unit
measure for the amount of heat removed. Refrigeration Ton is defined as the heat absorbed by one ton of ice (2000 pounds)
causing it to melt completely by the end of one day (24 hours).
District cooling systems can replace any type of air conditioning system, but primarily compete with air-cooled reciprocating
chiller systems serving large buildings which consume large amounts of electricity. This air-conditioning system is subject to a
difficult operating environment, including extreme heat, saline humidity and windborne sand. Over time, performance,
efficiency and reliability suffer, leading to significant maintenance costs and ultimately to equipment replacement.
Empower's District Cooling system is underpinned by a skilled around-the-clock service team and a comprehensive set of
emergency back-up systems that ensure complete reliability and ease of use.
What is VCD in HVAC SYSTEM?
A zone damper (also known as a Volume Control Damper or VCD) is a specific type of damper used to control the flow of air in
an HVAC heating or cooling system. In order to improve efficiency and occupant comfort, HVAC systems are commonly divided
up into multiple zones
AHU stands for Air Handling Unit and the acronym RTU means Rooftop Unit. The Roof Top Unit is an outdoor AHU. ...
The AHU and RTU consists of components such as heating elements, cooling elements, blower or fan, filters, mixing chambers,
vibration isolators, humidifiers, heat recovery device and controls
A diffuser is "a device for reducing the velocity and increasing the static pressure of a fluid passing through a
system”. Diffusers are used to slow the fluid's velocity while increasing its static pressure. ... A typical, subsonic diffuser is a
duct that increases in size in the direction of flow.
A chiller removes heat from a liquid through a vapor-compression or absorption refrigeration cycle. ... There are two types
of chillers – air-cooled or water-cooled. Air-cooled chillers are usually outside and consist of condenser coils cooled by fan-
driven air
HEAT EXCHANGER
A plate Heat Exchanger is a unit which transfers heat continuously from one media to another media without adding energy to
the process. The basic concept of a plate and frame Heat Exchanger is two liquids flowing on either side of a thin corrugated
metal plate so heat may be easily transferred between the two.
The difference is in how the condenser water loop ejects heat into the atmosphere. Air cooled chilleruses a tube and fin
type air heat exchanger to reject the condenser water heat directly into the atmosphere via sensible cooling. ...
Therefore, water cooled chiller is inherently more efficient than air cooled chiller
Chilled water supplying air handling units might be in the range of 4°C to 10°C, with the return temperature perhaps 5°C
higher than the supply temperature.
2. What is the difference between air cooled chiller and water cooled chiller?
The difference is in how the condenser water loop ejects heat into the atmosphere.Air cooled chiller uses a tube and
fin type air heat exchanger to reject the condenser water heat directly into the atmosphere via sensible cooling. ...
Therefore, water cooled chiller is inherently more efficient than air cooled chiller.
3. What is chiller efficiency?
Chiller-Plant Efficiency. ... Regarding the statement made at the end of the article, 0.5 kw per ton is an “annual
average chiller-plant efficiency.” And, yes, typically, the full-load efficiency of an energy-efficient chiller plant is 0.72
to 0.79 kw per ton
4. How can we increase the efficiency of chiller?
Take advantage of wet bulb conditions in the cooling tower system to lower the chiller's entering condenser water
temperature. This can result in a 1 to 1.5 percent efficiency improvement for every 1 degree F below the chiller full
load design.Nov 24, 2004
5. How many types of Ahu are there?
The AHU is used to control the following parameters of the space. There are basically two types of air handling
unit that are in used and they are the "Draw-Through" or "Blow-Through".
6. What is the working pressure of chilled water system?
Most chilled water systems are set up to maintain approx. 12 psi on the suction side of the chilled water pump, while
it is operating. The reason is that most expansion tanks usually come precharged at 12 psi
7. How the chilled water system works?
Chilled Water System Basics. ... This water is pumped through chilled water piping throughout the building where it will
pass through a coil. Air is passed over this coil and the heat exchange process takes place. The heat in the air is absorbed
into the coils and then into the water.
8. What are the components of chilled water system?
Key system components include chilled and condenser water pumps, cooling towers, heat exchangers, and hydronic
specialties including water pressure regulators, air separators, and chemical feed pots.
9. What is the safety of chiller?
Every chiller usually has safety controls that are designed to protect the cooling system from harm because of low
refrigerant temperature, low oil pressure, or high condensing pressure
10. What causes a chiller to trip?
C. Oil failure trip — Can be caused by either low superheat, low oil (due to a refrigerant leak), or oil pump damage. D.
Freezestat — Poor water flow, or the thermostat is set too low. E. Blown fuses or starter trips — Shorted or over-
amped motor, compressor or wires.
11. How can we increase the efficiency of chiller?
Take advantage of wet bulb conditions in the cooling tower system to lower the chiller's entering condenser water
temperature. This can result in a 1 to 1.5 percent efficiency improvement for every 1 degree F below the chiller full
load design.
Basic Heat Exchanger Descaling Procedure:
A differential pressure (“DP”) sensor can used in any piping system, hot or chilled, and for similar reasons. ... Specifically to
speed up or slow down a pump in response to system demand. To illustrate this, a piping system has a good number of
terminal devices, coils usually in your chilled water example.
Energy Management
QSE:
PPM FREQUENCY:
Fire-Fighting:
Jockey pump
Electrical pump
Diesel Pump
Jockey Pump to maintain the system pressure. Example if system pressure is 10 bar the same pressure is maintained
its called Jockey pump
If System to fails to maintain 10 bar like 8 bar than Electrical pump will starts immediately.
If system fails to reach 10 or 8 bar even of goes lower than 8 bar the diesel pump stars immediately.
Fire pump – Monthly service
Fire system like fire alarm, firefighting – Quarterly
Keep Emergency evacuation plan EVP.
Mockup drill need to be conducted for every year.
QUALITY-QMS:
Tools checklist
Complaint register
Customer feedback
Subcontractor evaluation
Technician evaluation – Through Assessment
Staff evaluation
Instrument calibration
OPEX:
CAPEX:
Budget requires specific details from various stakeholders like Accounts, Procurement and HR Dept
Budget requires a lot of fat and details like previous year cost details.Montly bill and account details.
Transition means take over the projects and documents or Change and Transition Management are important
processes of any service outsourcing project. ... Transition management is a part of the change management process
that deals specifically with the transition of employees working in the department or business unit that is being
outsourced to the service provider
Mobilization Management – FM Contracts Mobilization Plan Any activities need to be undertaken to start a FM
contract within a agreeable time line. Activities includes, Mobilization of manpower, Materials, Tools and system,
processes, compliances, etc.
Mobilization starts from tender stage
Mobilization period will be varied and based on the volume of projects
Mobilization minimum period will be 4 weeks
If Geographical projects might require more than 8 weeks
Mobilization will start from the date of LOA(Letter of award) issued and accepted.
MOBILIZATIONPLAN:
SITE PREPARATIONS:
Quality Plan
HSE Plan
Emergency response plan(ERP)
Contingency Plan like contact details for no power, no water and lift endrapment.need trained people
Escalation plan and Matrix
Utility Management plan
The switch is preset with both the cut-on and cut-off pressure. The cut-on pressure is the low pressure that starts
the pump and the cut-off pressure is the high pressure that turns off the pump.
Booster Pumps. Booster pumps are used to further boost the pressure in a system. It may be an end suction, in-line circulator,
horizontal split case, or vertical turbine in a can type of pump. Booster pumps are almost always a multi-stagepump (has more
than one impeller).
A transfer pump is a pump you can use to transferany kind of liquid from one place to another, such as from a pipeline to a
bulk tank. A transfer pump is useful when you need to move liquids.
what is the standard cut of pressure for high rise building booster pump
A typical developer-built, high-rise building will have a single or duplex booster pump in the basement. The pump serves the
entire building with pressurereducing valves on all of the lower floors where the supply pressure will exceed 80 psi.
Condenser approach is the difference between liquid refrigerant temperature as measured on the liquid line, and
leaving condenser water temperature. Normalcondenser approach is 0 to 3 degrees. If approach is 4° or more, it's an
indication your water cooled chiller has fouled tubes
A condenser unit used in central air conditioning systems typically has a heat exchanger section to cool down and condense
incoming refrigerant vapor into liquid, a compressor to raise the pressure of the refrigerant and move it along, and a fan for
blowing outside air through the heat exchanger section to cool the ...
What is scaling in heat exchangers?
Scaling. Scaling is a type of fouling caused by inorganic salts in the water circuit of the heat exchanger. ... Proper maintenance
and treatment of the cooling water, e.g. pH treatment, greatly reduce the risk of scaling, especially in cooling towers
Scaling is a very different phenomenon from fouling. Scaling occurs when a mineral film coats the entire surface of a heat
exchanger. The most common forms of scale are usually from calcium-based salts such as calcium sulfate or calcium
carbonate.
1. Isolate the chiller by closing valves as close to the unit as possible. On-line cleanings are never as effective as off-line
cleanings because the acid requires enough contact time to dissolve the scale.
2. Estimate the total number of gallons of water in the heat exchanger and the isolated section of pipe. The volume of a
plate-frame heat exchanger is approximately 40% tower water. Shell and tube heat exchangers contain approximately
30% of the total volume as tower water. The cleaning solution tank should be at least twice the volume of the heat
exchanger.
3. Set up the chemical feed pump as illustrated in the diagram above. The return line back to the cleaning solution tank
must come off the top of the heat exchanger to ensure the unit is full of cleaning solution.
4. Add water to the cleaning solution tank and turn on the circulation pump. Operate the pump and keep adding water
until water comes out of the return line back into the cleaning solution tank.
5. With the circulation pump running, add 8 ounces of CTA-800 or an alternate anti-foam directly into the cleaning
solution tank.
6. Now add one gallon of Scalzo, Ox-Sol, CA-100, or the cleaning product recommended by your Chardon representative
to the cleaning solution tank.
7. Measure the pH of the solution by dipping a pH paper into the stream of water returning from the heat exchanger.
The pH should be 2-3. If the pH does not decrease into this range, continue adding acid until the returning pH is in the
2-3 range.
8. Continue circulating the cleaning solution. Check the pH every 5 minutes. Add additional acid if the pH increases to
greater than 3.
9. Repeat step 8 until pH remains between 2 and 3 for 30 minutes. The heat exchanger is now clean. Neutralize the
cleaning solution to a pH of 5.0 with BD-6 by adding it to the tank and circulating the mixture.
10. Drain the tank and heat exchanger to a sanitary sewer.
11. Add fresh water to the tank and circulate the fresh water until a pH of 6 or 7 is reached and maintained.
12. Add 1/2 gallon of Tube Bright to final-rinse in order to passivate raw metal surfaces. Circulate for 15 minutes and drain
or, if the system is to be put online, leave chemicals in the System.
13. If required, remove end bells and inspect tube sheets, tubes, and end bells to determine the desired cleaning. If debris
remains, manually remove debris and flush areas with treating water.
· pH Level – 7.4-7.6
· Detailed Water analysis (free Cl, pH, alkalinity, calcium hardness, cyanuric acid, saturation index) – Once in 15 days
· Cl and pH check and compensation – Along with Pool cleaning – thrice a week.
1. Inspect the Coils. Start by visually inspecting the coilsfor any noticeable damage. ...
2. Remove Debris With a Coil Brush. ...
3. Straighten the Coil Fins With a Fin Comb. ...
4. Wet the Coils and Coat With Coil Cleaner. ...
5. Wash Away the Coil Cleaner With Water
We will prepare the PPM schedule and based on the schedule and asset we will carry out the PPM and
P1 Complaints:
Water leakage,Power outage and Fire – Will be attend immediately or maximum 30 minutes
P2 Complaints:
P3 Complaints:
Subcontractors Management:
We need to follow up and check with subcontract service reports and need to evaluate their services through SLA.
Statutory Requirements:
Permits:
Cold Work permit and Hot work permit
For Hot work permit FM team should be check the method statement and risk assessment also evaluate the subcontractoe.we
need to do the periodical inspection and before starts of work subcontractor should keep and follow the Health and Safety
procedures like fire extinguisher.
Fire drill should be conducted in every six month for residents and the notice should be provided the residents one week
before.
Building management should be provide awareness to the residents through mockup drill and notice should be placed in the
each lift notice board.
Major Achievements:
Speed limit – Speed hummer to be provided in the basement car parking areas
Energy Saving – LED Lights and motion sensor provided in the common corridor,Janitory room and basement area and
during earth hour we will switch of the common area lights, parking lights, garden area lights, logo lights and
decorative lights this consumption will cross check calculation should be compared with previous day consumption so
we will come to know carbon foot print
Water consumption – Parking tape handle has been closed with lock due to unauthorized person more usage and
stopped the cleaning company to do water wash cleaning in the basement and improved pressure wash cleaaning
method.
Aerator has been installed in the common area toilets and pantry with sensor also aerator has been installed in the
toile shutoff
Sensor should be provide in the flush tank that will be controlled the water consumption like Grohe brand will have
this type of sensor.
Walk through report should be prepared two times in a week and it should be rectified within a week without any deviation.
Minimize the depending on subcontractors work, FM should utilize the in-house team to complete all the works.
Building management should provide or place the emergency notice to customer for any emergency works either planned or
unplanned works.
AHU:
Air handling unit treats the fresh air or outside air. This unit usages mostly for larger requirement like gym room and plant
room.
Maintenance:
Strainer cleaning
Need to check the actuator operation condition. if temperature is not showing the actuator will be stucked also check
the water flow.
Coil flushing should be done. Need to close the supply and return side valve and remove the water or drain the water
so coil will be cleaned.
Coil should be cleaned means coil washing it will be done by manual or hydro jet pressure.
Fresh air will come from the outside.FAHU Consist the components pre-filter and bag filter
GAS In chiller:
Chiller normally R134 A Refrigerant discharge pressure will be 220 psi and suction pressure will be 45 psi and R22 Refrigerant
discharge pressure range will be 275 psi to 300 psi and Suction pressure will be 70psi.
Discharge pressure will be 190 psi and Suction pressure will be 40 psi
HP, LP trip and water sensor cut off due to low water flow
Anti-freeze thermostat is protecting the chiller burst, if sensor is not working and system is working continuously the anti-freez
thermostat will protect the chiller.
As per ISO Standard Generator should be tested on every week and yearly once we need to load test.
As per NFPA Standard Fire pump should be run on monthly basis and Electrical pump test should be 30 minutes running test
and Diesel pump should be 15 minutes
Caution and effective matrix – If fire alarm is activated, the staircase pressurization unit should be operate automatically and
lift lobby pressurization fan should be on and FAHU Supply fan should be cut-off,Gate barrier entry should be closed and exit
should be opened,exhaust fan should be opened,lift should be landed on ground floor incase the fire is on ground floor the lift
should be landed either first floor or basement.
Elicatical:
Before PPM starts we need to do the Logout and tag out and issue the hot work permit.