STEAM NOZZLES

BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN
&
S.GOPINATH
 Definition of Nozzle
• Produce power by utilizing the kinetic energy
of the jets produced by passing high pressure
fluids through the devices.
• Corresponding to the fluids used, the nozzles
are called steam nozzles, water nozzles and
gas nozzles.
These nozzles serve two purposes
• To convert pressure energy and thermal
energy into kinetic energy
• To direct the fluid jet at the specific angle
known as nozzle angle
Some Applications of a Nozzle
•Steam turbines and gas turbines
Some Applications of a Nozzle
•water turbines
Some Applications of a Nozzle
•Venturimeter

•Condenser

•Injectors
 STEAM NOZZLE
✓ Passage of varying cross-section
✓converts heat energy of steam into kinetic
energy
✓well-designed nozzle converts the heat energy
of steam into kinetic energy with a minimum
loss.
✓steam enters the nozzle with a high pressure
and negligible velocity but leaves the nozzle
with a high velocity and small pressure.
WORKING OF STEAM NOZZLE
✓ First part of the nozzle, the steam
increases its velocity
✓ Later part, the steam gains more in volume than
in velocity
✓ mass of steam, passing through any section of the
nozzle remains constant
✓ variation of steam pressure in the nozzle depends
upon the velocity, specific volume and dryness
fraction of steam
 APPLICATION OF STEAM NOZZLE

✓jet of steam with a high velocity

 TYPES OF STEAM NOZZLE

✓ Convergent nozzle

✓Divergent nozzle

✓Convergent-Divergent nozzle
 CONVERGENT NOZZLE
✓Cross-section of a nozzle decreases continuously
from entrance to exit
1 2
 DIVERGENT NOZZLE

✓cross-section of a nozzle increases continuously

from entrance to exit
1 2
CONVERGENT- DIVERGENT NOZZLE
✓Cross-section of a nozzle first decreases from its
entrance to throat, and then increases from its
throat to exit
1 t 2
Assumptions for Flow Analysis of a Nozzle

• The flow of the fluid is one dimensional.

• The change in area and curvature along the axis of the

duct are gradual.

• Thermodynamic and mechanical properties are

uniform across planes normal to the axis of a duct.

• The flow of the fluid is assumed to be steady flow.

Thank You