Because online signal is not well, any trainee would better type your

questions in chat window, the trainer will answer them together.

1. What is the range temperature accepted by nodes......if temperature

high what will happen to b2 nodes.

Answer:

Working temperature range 0℃to 70℃

If temperature is higher than 70 ℃ ,the equipment cannot work

normally, there will be packet loss, or equipment cannot be monitored.

2. sir can we use GE 5 AND 6 AS FE interface in A nodes

Answer:

GE 5 AND 6 always is used as NNI, for NNI, it must form GE ring. If

changed the rate to FE, the bandwidth will be limited.

3. When will B2 nodes automatically reboot?

Answer:

When equipment normally works, it seldom automatically reboot, if

equipment automatically reboot, there must be something wrong like

high temperature of high CPU&RAM usage.

4. What can be the various probable causes of high CPU usage

Answer:

✓ Loop for customer service will cause broadcast storm, this may

increase CPU usage.

✓ The equipment use the same IP address, this will cause route

calculates frequently, then CPU usage increase.

✓ The network is very large, there is no more resource for the routes

and bandwidth, and then the CPU usage becomes very high.

5. Whether DCN nodes to use /24 IP or /30 IP for management?

Answer:

Mask /30 is recommended, in practice environment, there are 2

networks, one network is CPAN, the other is CE network. The two

networks are monitored by the same NMS, so the Gateway NE of

each network should be in the same network segment, in this case,

gateway NE use mask /24.

✓ MPLS-TP is label forwarding technology for transport network.

✓ LSP is a path from the source node to the sink node, while packet

forwarded following this path, label switching mechanism is

applied.

✓ PW is a transparent channel to link two customers which access

 the MPLS-TP network.

✓ CES means to transparently transport TDM service through a

packet (MPLS-TP) network. Transform TDM frame to Ethernet

packet and then forward Ethernet packet to the destination, at the

destination restore the TDM frame.

✓ QoS means for different service, to provide different forwarding

policy. For example, voice service requires low latency while

video service requires constant high bandwidth.

✓ OAM is used to monitor and check the customer service.

✓ NNI it the connection interface for (CPAN) MPLS-TP equipment

while UNI is the connection interface for (CPAN) MPLS-TP

equipment to the customer device.

✓ MPLS-TP= MPLS – IP + OAM + Protection.

CES means transport TDM frame through packet forwarding network.

At source node UNI port [UNI-1], Control word will be add, and at

sink node UNI port [UNI-2], Control word will be removed. CES use

control word to ensure the transformation of TDM frame to Ethernet

packet at source while restore TDM frame from Ethernet packet at

sink.
6. What to be checked if protection not working

Answer:

To check protection, we can use switch alarms.

Take 610A for example, open status → LSP protection information,

check active/standby LSP alarm, if there is alarm, the LSP cannot

work.

Take 650 U3 for example, right click equipment→select ne

status→open TPM status→LSP protect switch→click OK→click

detail to check primary/secondary path status.

7. Why duplicate labels were assigning to tunnel while rerouting

Answer:

When configuring tunnel, we use specific label to sign the

primary/standby path, for deferent path different label will be

encapsulated.

✓ CPAN equipment optical/electrical module works on

layer-1(physical layer), UNI port works on layer-2(data link layer)

because it can analyze TDM/Ethernet frame, and NNI port works

on layer-2.5 (MPLS-TP layer).

✓ IP/MPLS equipment L3 port works on layer-3(network layer).

8. how the protection path switching works

Answer:

For one tunnel, there are 2 paths, one is working path (primary/active),

the other is protection path (secondary/standby).there are 4 status for

protection switching.

Switching status main path protection path

Keep main path/normal ok ok

Keep main path/backup fault ok down

Switch to protection/SWR down ok

Keep main path/sw_fail down down