What is Integration

2 ways d conideung

1 An integral is a weighted sum over an infinite number

of infinitesimal steps

2 An antiderivative like in the fundamental theorem

of calculus

Integration is HARD and almost always inbrartake in real life MonteCarlo technique

4 Main way to integrate

7 By inspection using recipes like partialfaction
2 By parts
3 By substitution
4 By reduction
INSPECTION
looking at you integral applying algebraic methods to make
it as simple as possible to be able to apply stadad multi
started Results
Ra chem

fagenda agent
NTI
t C

f e dx Iaea
t C

f j dx belie t C

J sincxdx Costa C

Costa dx side t C

f b dx
Case
acuti
ax b t C

f.fi Ydx lnCkxDtC

Reverse Chan Rule

If you have a standard integral with a few fakes tieng acad apply the revere
chair rule
I Take derivative using Chan Me
mutiplies
 p what mulpheshere
Use this into to count integral

AlgebraicTechniques

Partial harbors Making nominate look like a dithearbu using division ol Units
Faubourg
Trig identities

Binomial exam
an
Polynomial division

Summey Nothing abut x charges only the expression involving x

e.g L J x'txbgi6dx fcx.FI dx

tzx2t2xtCe
g 2 f7ffaIfiodx s
da
c
t d

Where
A act2 But5 2kt 1
let xi 2 313 3 13 2
let x 5 i 3A 9 A 3
Wct 2
die
J fdx 4 3
t bullet dx
f
luck 2 t 3ln Xt 5 C
12 2061 2
If2xt4dx
e 122 5xth dx C
g x
Ix Izx
BY PARTS

Judv w
f Vdu
Dematim
y y ur for some UCH I WH
V
day Udf t

Uday dad vodka dof.YH vda.ua

fidx JddfY4
udd
 I q.cl dxdf
Recipe
dtfudV Uv Jvdu

L Start with a product of 2 function

eg y xs.mx
2 Select STRATEGICALLY which components compared to U f du
hey du_dca dx dx
du Siraj
3 find du IV hi no combat ol integration recenas

du d x 7 dx
dx
dV fs.ua dx cosCx

4 the funnier
Judy W
J Vdu
fesinlaldic Mone
f coin dx

xcode singe t C

Wamy UpQuestions
1 x't 6 2 3 5 dx
o x a

2 xcos doc

3
I bet 4
x 2 sci3
da

seekus.uatutorial
4
J est Isin dx
u 6
I x On 4 Ix'tGet In 5
nd 0 run
o fear x 5
6 to 2A
2
O x la
x 62 3 5 x G 2 19
Wt a x 4
 I
x 6die t
Kat f
doc tail If
o
a
diet safe dx

Gated t talon E
Iz t t

t 415 4141 ta I
Iz th
Eat infra If bitt
2 yue x cosec dudu Uv Judu him al Ohr

U x due 7 du
Gc
dei cos V sink

occosx da
o CLI t Ismaelda

f cosCx 2

I II Ifc du 261 3 C

d seekus.uatailed't
da
ex x'sink
Luce x'singe t C

BY SUBSTITUTION
Ua when
you
have an apparent mbarkable integral

A Lee you are given the substition

let u 2
f
3 2
e g i
du 6 2doc
ut f du
ut du ud 2x'tD8 t C
ft
da i wt
eg
f f d dosing

I da x
Jv Yf du u sin c

Rempe
1 Stat with variable relation

hem
2 Find ditteental

7 Update limits it Reung

4 Substitute solve usingnew knits

I
eg
Jy doc x Sinai
when I O 4 0
x I U 12 2
1212

Jl du
o
I
2
Things wut charge when sbitikky

1 Limits

2 Argument

3 The variable

J d

Q If U sink find the differential relation

du du dx U sink
d
du 2sinxcosse

Q what if u e sincx
IT
dd b
Ike sinG4 t e'Tosca e 2xsink cosas
y
dd days a

du e 2acs.ua tcosGcDdx

Q J sing doc uric

du Izzo da
2 dunk doc due2udu
sing sinful
limits x 2 U Fr x I U 1
Now I sinful Vudu 2 sinculdu 2 cercus
 I
2 CofE Cosa 2 cerci coir I
Advice Integrals in 1 make only please

Q Show that
Hint x
I
Earful
d tails C

doc DI du n
Vu
w
un
du
DI dµin Cosa sinful 7 see'Cu
du Costa Costa Corcu

So dx seek du Laila 17 du
So I
J a
lait du Idu Utc

fine u tai x then

I tail c C

Q f o
x'Tidic using U x ti

day 4x Gx'd.cidu so dx x du
x'Tedx lqy ruxYdu U du
limits U 626 i U I
f qui du
flu 626 I 2610 3 sf

Q
ftp LY die let
du
a sina.cl

coke dx so du doc
coke
theme conclda du and our integral beams
I sinCH Itu

f tu du ln Itu C lull sinful C

Q Show using that

Igf d Want
substitution

Hint let x gcu

g a du DX
agent G a du
 f glut
g to f
Relate wa
EFS

INTEGRATION BY REDUCTION
Aim write In tens of It flak die where
he n l
Jk floc
n C IN
dx
n in

In
e
g f J
coincx du cos a

coiuldxcokkldx
dcs.nlxD

In f corn dcs.mx
f corcaldic corn c
since
f smindCcer x

wi Ge since Cn l fsmlxlioi icdx

coi.tk since Cn l
f l copay cornTedx

Cen k
since n DJcorn Cmdr n
Hfcoil c doc
In 2 In
Henie In Con a snuck n 1 In n 1 In
In n 1 In Con a snuck n 1 In
NIN Con a snuck n 1 In
In Coi x smh Cnn1 In r

n 4
Iya I copcxls.ua t f f coital da
 n
I
Iz Io Io Xtc
coachsince t

there
f cos x
I cop snuck
8
I coachsince t 3
8
xtc

Next union recipe

e.gs like fsieak

Last session on integration techniques

7 In Jxisincx dx i Show In Incas Nonsincx nn 1 In 2

first integrate by ports U xn dir Sir
du mi re costa

In Ecosoc Jmc Codex dx x'Cokalt n Jx cos doc

Repeating gives U X dr coda
du n DX V Siraj

Now In xncos.CH thx since n

f Sincx n 1 x da
xncos.ca thx since n n i x sincxdoc

xncos.CH thx since nn 1 In r QED

2 i In
foie dx Show In tune as In
First let xn du e
integrate
by parts U

du mi da v
te
Now In Izzie faze x da
Izzie if J x e
doc

In i

QED
Izzie Azim
Ii Usingthis result find x e doc

tree Az x e in line

Lux t t n n 1 n 2K I Io
 he
II x't ng Io Io foe dx Ce
whee i

the
E Ign the il
D e
Ice City
What if there are 2 parameters him
In m
In m dx 6
J
e sinmcxkeg.nu
g In n m nm n
6
Taking the n route In n m n
let U Cognac
dir Sinixt
du ncos a sinkd V In fSinixtdu sin catcoin Cm In a
m

In m GqYx Cm 1 Im Sinn lukaku fncoiYLS.nu CmiIIm s.nmyxDdx

co5CxCm 1 Im z sin a cos x Cm1 coinCochinchina cotlx7sin ddx

m m
In i m In i m

cos a m l Ion z sin a cos x n mm 1 In m In a In i m

M M

Im costa Im Con il sin a wit CH non 1 In im Im MI

Im cosmickm I n m 1 In m Sinn x wit CH MI

Im
Con ilIm comic n In m Sin a cos x M In m