Name of the President: Manuel L Quezon

Term: November 15, 1935 to August 1m 1944

l. Introduction

Manuel Quezon, in full Manuel Luis Quezon y Molina, (born August 19, 1878, Baler, Philippines—died
August 1, 1944, Saranac Lake, New York, U.S.), Filipino statesman, leader of the independence
movement, and first president of the Philippine Commonwealth established under U.S. tutelage in 1935.

Quezon was the son of a schoolteacher and small landholder of Tagalog descent on the island of Luzon.
He cut short his law studies at the University of Santo Tomás in Manila in 1899 to participate in the
struggle for independence against the United States, led by Emilio Aguinaldo. After Aguinaldo
surrendered in 1901, however, Quezon returned to the university, obtained his degree (1903), and
practiced law for a few years. Convinced that the only way to independence was through cooperation
with the United States, he ran for governor of Tayabas province in 1905. Once elected, he served for two
years before being elected a representative in 1907 to the newly established Philippine Assembly.

In 1909 Quezon was appointed resident commissioner for the Philippines, entitled to speak, but not
vote, in the U.S. House of Representatives; during his years in Washington, D.C., he fought vigorously for
a speedy grant of independence by the United States. Quezon played a major role in obtaining Congress’
passage in 1916 of the Jones Act, which pledged independence for the Philippines without giving a
specific date when it would take effect. The act gave the Philippines greater autonomy and provided for
the creation of a bicameral national legislature modeled after the U.S. Congress. Quezon resigned as
commissioner and returned to Manila to be elected to the newly formed Philippine Senate in 1916; he
subsequently served as its president until 1935. In 1922 he gained control of the Nacionalista Party,
which had previously been led by his rival Sergio Osmeña.

Congressional Career

• he was elected to the first Philippine Assembly/the House of Representatives in 1907.

• he served as majority floor leader and chairman of the committee on appropriations.

•From 1909-1916, he served as one of the Philippines' two resident commissioners to the U.S. House of
Representatives,

• he returned to Manila in 1916 to be elected into the Philippine Senate and later became Senate
President, serving continuously for 19 years until 1935.

• He headed the first Independent Mission to the U.S. Congress in 1919.

• secured the passage of the Tydings-McDuffie Independence Law in 1934.

• In 1922, Quezón became the leader of the Nacionalista Party.

Personal Life

• Quezón was married to his first cousin, Aurora Aragón Quezón, on December 17, 1918.

• The couple had four children:

• María Aurora "Baby" Quezón

• María Zeneida "Nini" Quezón-Avancena

• Luisa Corazón Paz "Nenita" Quezón

• Manuel L. "Nonong" Quezón, Jr.

Presidency

First Term (1935-1941)

•In 1935, Quezón won the Philippines' first national presidential election under the banner of the
Nacionalista Party.

• He obtained nearly 68% of the vote against his two main rivals, Emilio Aguinaldo and Gregorio Aglipay.

• He is recognized as the second President of the Philippines.

• President Quezon was given the power under the reorganization act, to appoint the first all- Filipino
Supreme Court of the Philippines in 1935.

ll. Projects

• He valued the national language

 He enforced minimum wage law
 He improved the national security with the help of national defense act.
  He also enacted the Payne-Aldrich Law which lowers our taxes
 He enforced the Eight-hour Law because of the land labor problem
 President Quezón, initiated a reorganization of the government bodies.
 he ordered the transfer of the Philippine Constabulary for the Department of Interior, to the
Department of Finance.
 Among the innovations in the Executive Departments by way of modification in functions or new
creations are:
 National Defense
 Agriculture and Commerce
 Public Works and Communications
 Health and Public Welfare.
 new offices and boards which were created either by Executive Order or by appropriate
legislative action:
 Council of National Defense
 the Board of National Relief
 the Mindanao and Sulu Commission
 Civil Service Board of Appeals
 the economic condition of our nation became stable and promising. With foreign trade reaching
a peak of four hundred million pesos.
 the value of the Philippine exports reached an all high of 320,896,000 pesos, the highest since
1929.
 government revenues amounted to 76,675,000 pesos in 1936, as compared with the 1935
revenue of 65,000,000 pesos.
 Gold production increased about 37% and iron nearly 100%, while cement production
augmented by some 14%.
 the National Rice and Corn Company (NARIC) was created by law and was given a capital of four
million pesos.
 The Agricultural and Industrial Bank was established to aid small farmers with convenient loans
on easy terms.

lll. Problems

 Failure of the initiation and implementation of the policy for social justice and laws for rural
population’s government funds to purchase landed estates and resistance of big and powerful
landlords.
 The economy remained dependent to the U.S. due to the Bell Trade Act, otherwise known as
the Philippine Trade Act, which was a precondition for war rehabilitation grants from United
States.

IV: Quiz

Part 1
 1. What is Manuel L. Quezon known for?
2. Cause of death of Manuel L. Quezon
3. What is the political Party of Manuel L. Quezon?
4. When was Manuel L. Quezon expressed an interest in having the Philippines join the British
Commonwealth?
5. Who is the rival of Manuel L. Quezon in presidency?
6. What is the full name of Manuel L. Quezon?
7. Who is the wife of Manuel L. Quezon?
8. How many children Manuel L. Quezon had?
9. The advocacy of Manuel L. Quezon
10. Why did Manuel L. Quezon escape?

Part 2

1. Given the power under the Reorganization Act to appoint the first all- Filipino  Cabinet in the
Philippines.
a. Manuel Roxas
b. Emilio Aguinaldo
c. Manuel Quezon
d. Jose Laurel

2. To meet the demands of the newly established government set-up in compliance with the
provisions of the Tydings-McDuffie Act, as well as the requirements of the Constitution.
a. Government Bodies
b. Social justice
c. National assembly
d. Government Reorganization

3. The purpose of this act was to regulate the Share tenancy contracts by establishing minimum
standards.
a. Rice Share Tenancy Act
b. National Rice and Corn Company
c. Agricultural Colonies
d. Public domain

4. President Manuel L. Quezon was married to

a. Estefania Chiong Veloso
b. Alicia Syquia
c. Aurora Aragon
d. Pacencia Hidalgo

5. It was created and was given a capital for four million pesos.
a. Rice Share Tenancy Act
b. National Rice and Corn Company
c. Agricultural colonies
 d. Public Domain

6. Right for women to vote in elections.

a. Women Rights
b. Women's Suffrage
c. Women Empowerment
d. Republic Act for Women's Protection

7. Remarkable organisation which remains a major force for charge in the world today.
a. Government reorganization
b. Council of National Defense
c. Commonwealth
d. Government Bodies

8. He is the “Father of National Language”.

a. Jose Laurel
b. Emilio Aguinaldo
c. Manuel Roxas
d. Manuel Quezon

9. Former President of the University of the Philippines.

a. Fidel Ramos
b. Manuel Quezon
c. Rafael Palma
d. Manuel Roxas

10. Law providing for a maximum of eight hours daily work and a tenancy law for Filipino workers.
a. Minimum Wage Law
b. National Labor Relations Act
c. Social Security Act
d. Affordable Care Act

V. References

https://www.britannica.com/biography/Manuel-Quezon

http://blogpangulosapilipinas.blogspot.com/2016/12/manuel-quezon.html

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manuel_L._Quezon3

https://prezi.com/iwntn7alu_q_/manuel-l-quezon/

https://www.slideshare.net/irishcrystalbeltran/the-new-found-republic