HISTORY

Prelim Activities and Assessments

Activity 1.1
I. Words to Know

Define the following terms based on your point of view (not precisely copied from the text)

1.History- The record of significant events from the past and often comes with explanations on how it
happened. History is an umbrella term that relates to past events as well as the memory, discovery,
collection, organization, presentation, and interpretation of information about these events.
2.Primary Source – Can be documents, images or artifacts that provide firsthand testimony or direct
evidence concerning an historical topic under research investigation. Primary sources provide a first-
hand account of an event or time period and are considered to be authoritative. They represent original
thinking, reports on discoveries or events, or they can share new information.
3.Secondary Source – Are information that was created later by someone who did not experience first-
hand or participate in the events or conditions you're researching. Secondary sources involve analysis,
synthesis, interpretation, or evaluation of primary sources. They often attempt to describe or explain
primary sources. Examples could be books and articles.
4.Internal criticism – A.K.A positive criticism or constructive feedback, is the effort to restore the
meaning of the text. This is the phase of hermeneutics in which the researcher engages with the
meaning of the text rather than the external elements of the document.
5.External criticism- Is the process by which you determine whether a source is authentic by checking
the validity of the source. External criticism refers to the evaluation of a. document in order to test its
authenticity: Is the information concerning the author, the place.
6.Archives - A collection of historical documents or records providing information about a place,
institution, or group of people.is a place where people can go to gather firsthand facts, data, and
evidence from letters, reports, notes, memos, photographs, and other primary sources.
7.Repositories- A place, a person or thing with a lot of information about something. A person who has
extensive details on his family's history is an example of a repository of information. Is a place where
things are stored for safe keeping, or where there is an ample supply of something.

ll. Brush Up

1.Differentiate the following terms and give examples to support your answer?

Primary sources vs. secondary sources-

Primary sources are the raw materials of historical research; they are the documents or artifacts closest
to the topic of investigation. While, secondary sources are the analysis or the restatement of primary
sources .They often describe or explain the primary cause.Secondary sources involve analysis, synthesis,
interpretation, or evaluation of primary sources. They often attempt to describe or explain primary
sources.
Archives vs. museums-
An archive is a collection of historical records as well as the place they are located. Archives contain
primary source document that have accumulated over the organization’s lifetime. Museum on the other
hand is a building or institution that cares for the collection of artifacts and other object s of scientific,
artistic or historical importance and makes them available for public viewing through exhibits.

Internal criticism vs. external criticism-

External criticism is a process by which historians determine whether a source is authentic by checking
the validity of the source. Internal criticism looks at the reliability of an authenticated source after it has
been subjected to external criticism.This is the phase of hermeneutics in which the researcher engages
with the meaning of the text rather than the external elements of the document.
2.Why do we have to understand the difference between internal and external criticism?
So that we can know what are the differences of the two criticism.One is refers to the evaluation of
a. document in order to test its authenticity and that is internal criticism and one is by knowing check
the validity of a source to verify whether or not it's authentic for the external criticism.
3.What are the ways of looking in a set of data? How significant are these sets of data in history?
Keep up with media that make use of data. Listen to prominent voices in the open data space. Find data
that's never seen the light. Use metadata to your advantage. Those data shall be greatly significant for it
can help preserve our history.Make sure your spelling and grammar are correct.Try rephrasing your
search using related but different keywords
4.Give an example of how internal and external criticism can be applied in the study of Philippine
history?
External criticism is a process by which historians determine whether a source is authentic by checking
the validity of the source. Internal criticism looks at the reliability of an authenticated source after it has
been subjected to external criticism. Just like how most of our histories were proved to exist.
5.Cite some other primary and secondary sources not found in this learning material.
A.Other primary sources

-Essay by a philosopher, Photographs of a historical event.

B.Other secondary sources

- Textbook summarizing the philosopher's ideas, Documentary about the historical event.
6.Do you consider electronics or digitized sources as primary sources? Support your answer.
Yes, because we all know that electronics and digitized sources can provide us interviews, surveys,
fieldwork, and Internet Communication via email, blogs, and listserv, and newsgroups and many more.
7.What is meant by saying "history matters"? Explain well.
History matters because it helps us as individuals and as societies to understand why our societies are
the way they are and what they value. And according to Professor Penelope J Corfield history is
inescapable. It studies the past and the legacies of the past in the present. Therefore I can say that
history will always matter.
8.Is history a "dead" subject? Support your answer.
History is not a dead subject because it bring back the past that can wake up the mind of students of
being dead in the history of our homeland.It gives inspiration for the new generations to became a more
lively leaving in the future.
III. React to the Statement
1.History is inescapable.
-History is inescapable we are the product of the past the history mold us for what we are now today we
cannot run to the fact that history is bind to our daily life what we are now today all because of the
history and we are the future.
2.All people are living histories.
-These statement is very acceptable we are the leaving history we can make history for every day in
our life every success that we made is history for us.
3.History not only useful. It is also essential.
When we say essential it means it is extremely important and history is extremely important therefore
history really is essential.
4.History is to the human race, whereas memory is to each man.
This statement provides deep truth for your history is shared among people but your memories are
for yours to remember the pass.

IV.Sharpen your mind

1.Get or produce the following data and information. Print and place them on a folder for submission to
your instructor.

A.History of your school/ university

St. Therese-MTC Colleges was established on March 4, 1983 as St. Therese College - La Fiesta in Iloilo
City. It was merged with Maritime Training Center and now it became one of the leading Maritime
School in the City.

B.History of your city/ municipality

The history of Iloilo City dates back to the Spanish colonial period, starting out as a small and
incoherent grouping of fishermen's hamlets from the Iloilo River by a large swamp which after 1855
became the second most important port of call in the colony due to transhipment of sugar products
from the neighboring Negros Island. It was later given the honorific title of "La Muy Noble Ciudad"
(English: The Most Noble City) by the Queen Regent of Spain . At the turn of the 20th century, Iloilo City
was second to the primate city of Manila, with stores along Calle Real selling luxury products from all
over the world, an agricultural experimental station established at La Paz in 1888, a school of Arts and
Trades which opened in 1891, and a telephone network system operating in 1894.

C.Republic Act No. 9470 document creating the National Archives of the Philippines
AN ACT TO STRENGTHEN THE SYSTEM OF MANAGEMENT AND ADMINISTRATION OF ARCHIVAL
RECORDS, ESTABLISHING FOR THE PURPOSE THE NATIONAL ARCHIVES OF THE PHILIPPINES, AND FOR
OTHER PURPOSES
The act contains 50 sections pertaining to plan, develop, prescribe, disseminate and enforce policies,
rules and regulations and coordinate government-wide programs governing the creation, general
protection, use, storage and disposition of public records including the acquisition, storage and
preservation of public archives and providing facilities.

D.Archive and museum in your region. List the following information

-Name of the files and the museum: Iloilo Provincial Library and Archives
-Location: New Iloilo Provincial Capitol Building, Muelle Loney Street, Iloilo City, 5000 Iloilo
- Mission, Vision, and Objectives: Aims to provide easy access to and preserve the collections in the
province
-Designation of officers and their respective positions: Sharon Madrones-Gigante (Officer- In-Charge)
-Primary source and secondary source kept or displayed in the archives/ museums: Historical and
Cultural Records and Other Related Documents of the Province of Iloilo, Books and Other Reference
Materials
-Photo of archives/museums, if available.
2.List the historical/cultural organization in your region (where your school is located) and indicate the
following information in print:
A.Name of the historical/cultural organization/s and year created: Bahay Panlalawigan ng Iloilo
Provincial Capitol
B.Name of officers and their respective position:
Christine S. Garin- Provincial Vice-Governor
Renee L. Valencia- SP Member, 1st District
Marcelo Valentine S. Serag- SP Member, 1st District
Rolito C. Cajilig- SP Member, 2nd District
June S. Mondejar- SP Member, 2nd District
Jason R. Gonzales- SP Member, 3rd District
Rolando B. Distura- SP Member, 4th District

Domingo B. Oso- SP Member, 4th District

Nielo C. Tupas- SP Member, 5th District
Carol v. Espinosa-Diaz- SP Member, 5th District
Dorothy G. Paes- President, LNB Provincial Federation, Province of Iloilo
Ma. Angelica Bianca B. Requinto- President, PPSK, Province of Iloilo

Vision, mission, and objectives:

Vision
Livable, resilient, progressive and globally competitive Iloilo.
Mission
A local government unit committed to provide equitable distribution of resources and opportunities
through good governance.
C.Past achievement: Iloilo Province’s 10-year Solid Waste Management Plan OK’d
D.Present progress/projects: Iloilo Province made it to the list of the 2019 Good Financial Housekeeping
(GFH) passers released by the Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG).
E.Problems encountered: Iloilo experienced severe devastation during the events of World War II.
F.Photo/picture of the officers in the group:

3.Why is Herodotus considered as the "father of History"? Describe his life, works, and achievement.
Then post his photo inside the box.
A.His life and achievements:

Herodotus is known as the father of history because he was the first historian to collect and
systematically document events and create an account. He compiled these accounts into his single
major work known as The Histories. This document contains records of politics, cultural traditions, and
the geographical landscape of areas including Northern Africa, Greece, and Western Asia.
He relied on his personal observations and inquiries from natives to develop the records. This had an
impact on the validity of the accounts but the work set a precedent for subsequent historical works,
since it was the first in Western literature. He was motivated to capture the history of ancient times and
to ensure that events were not forgotten.

B.His life works and photo:

Herodotus spent his entire life working on just one project: an account of the origins and execution of
the Greco-Persian Wars (499–479 B.C.) that he called “The Histories.”
Assessment

Direction: Indicate the things you have learned in this lesson (knowledge), the things you have realized
and appreciate (values), and the things you have discovered and wanted to do more (skills). Place these
things inside the circular, rectangular, and triangular boxes that look like a human figure.

ACTIVITY 2.1
Words to Know
Define the following terms based on your point of view (not precisely copied from the text)

1.Analysis – Analysis is the process of breaking a complex topic or substance into smaller parts in order
to gain a better understanding of it.
2.critical analysis –
A critical analysis is subjective writing because it expresses the writer's opinion or evaluation of a text.
3.contextual analysis –
A contextual analysis is simply an analysis of a text (in whatever medium, including multi-media) that
helps us to assess that text within the context of its historical and cultural setting, but also in terms of its
textuality – or the qualities that characterize the text as a text.
4.content analysis –
Content analysis is the study of documents and communication artifacts, which might be texts of various
formats, pictures, audio or video. Social scientists use content analysis to examine patterns in
communication in a replicable and systematic manner.
5.single text –
Single-text negotiating strategy is a form of mediation that employs the use of a single document that
ties in the often wide-ranging interests of stakeholders in a conflict.
Brush Up

1.Differentiate contextual analysis from the content analysis?

Content is the material/matter/medium contained within the work that's available for audience. Context
is the positioning of the content, storyline or purpose that provides value to the audience.
2.In analyzing a single text, why is it more accessible to analyze the book written by an individual author
than by a multiple-author?
One author paper, it means that the author is able to cover the entire topic based on his/her expertise
and knowledge. On the other hand, in the multiple author paper, two researchers or more can work
together on the same topic; each of them covers a part.
3.One of the "don'ts" in analyzing or evaluating a primary source is to avoid recreating the author's
experience of his society. Do you agree with this statement? If yes, why? If no, why not?
Yes I agree because if you try to recreate the author’s experiences you are not to be considered
analyzing and evaluating the primary source for you created your own view away from the author’s
experiences.
4.What is the main purpose of examining or evaluating primary sources?
Primary sources are the foundations of histories. Evaluation of the sources is essential to scholarly
research.
5.Why is some text (like primary documents) challenging to analyze?
Some primary sources, such as eyewitness accounts, may be too close to the subject, lacking a critical
distance. Others, such as interviews, surveys, and experiments, are time consuming to prepare,
administer, and analyze.
6.As a history student, why is it more relevant to read primary sources than secondary sources? Support
your answer.
Primary source gives you direct access to the subject of your research. Secondary sources provide
second-hand information and commentary from other researchers. Primary sources are more credible
as evidence, but good research uses both primary and secondary sources.
7.How can you think and act like historians?
By just simply analyzing documents, close reading and contextualization of information we can be
historians. If we can show interest in past events and treasure them we can be our own small historians
ourselves.
II.React to the Statement

1.Texts are continually r-read and re-negotiated.

In order to learn things we should really try hard to re-read and re-negotiate it so that we can master it.
2.Primary text can be made to speak to continuity and discontinuity, to chaos and contradictions.
Primary texts can contain things that are more interesting than others and also contain less compelling
information and these could create contradictions to readers when they tend to compare information.
3.Perception, values, and biases are elements that are present in all texts.
The statement can be right for all text provides certain information that could be biased and valuable to
the readers.

4.The history is not the intended audience of the author/writer.

The readers are the intended audience of the author/writer and history is the thing of beauty present in
a written text.
5.The most effective and efficient way to discuss and analyze the text is to move step by step through
the book.
Moving step by step can really be most effective way in analyzing and discussing text for written texts
are to be more understood by reading it thoroughly. It’s not only effective, it also utilizes less time.
ACTIVITY 2
This report, in written/ printed form, must be placed in a short folder with entries, and to be submitted
to the teacher. Each story must be reported in class for discussion and oral examination.

Images/ Drawings

Paste or mount inside the box images of three primary sources using textual analysis, content analysis,
and purpose or point of view of the author. Briefly describe the pictures.

Three primary sources using contextual analysis

Three primary sources using content analysis

2.Critical Essay
A.Individually analyze the textbook/worktext you are using in class like "The Readings in Philippine
History." The essay should consist of 150-300 words using the following criteria:
a.Importance of the book
b.Author's background
c.Context of the book
d.Contribution to the understanding of Philippine History

B.Rate this document/text according to its credibility, genuineness, usefulness, and importance as a
textbook for the course. (Be honest, sincere and objective)
-Excellent – (91-100)
-Very Satisfactory – (86-90)
-Moderately Satisfactory – (81-85)
-Least Satisfactory – (75-80)
-Poor – (not to be recommended for further use- (74 and below).

Answer:
The book analyzes Philippine history from multiple perspectives through the lens of selected primary
sources coming from various disciplines and of different genres. It is written by Horacio de la Costa a
brilliant writer, scholar, and historian born in Maúban, Quezon on May 9, 1916 to Judge Sixto de la Costa
and Emiliana Villamayor. He wrote the book to expose students to different facets of Philippine history
through the lens of eyewitnesses and to enable students to understand and appreciate our rich past by
deriving insights from those who were actually present at the time of the event. The textbook could help
students to gain wisdom on how to deal with the present and be knowledgeable about the history. The
textbook is of 87% satisfactory for me for it provides the information essential but still could offer more.