IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION, VOL. 62, NO.
5, MAY 2014
Wideband Fabry-Perot Resonator Antenna
With Two Complementary FSS Layers
Naizhi Wang, Qiang Liu, Changying Wu, Larbi Talbi, Senior Member, IEEE,
Qingsheng Zeng, Senior Member, IEEE, and Jiadong Xu
Abstract—This paper presents a novel design of a Fabry-Perot
(FP) resonator antenna with a wide gain bandwidth in X band. The
bandwidth enhancement of the antenna is attributed to the positive
reflection phase gradient of an electromagnetic band gap (EBG)
structure, which is constructed by the combination of two comple-
mentary frequency selective surfaces (FSSs). To explain well the
design procedure and approach, the EBG structure is modeled as
an equivalent circuit and analyzed using the Smith Chart. Experi-
mental results show that the antenna possesses a relative 3 dB gain
bandwidth of 28%, from 8.6 GHz to 11.4 GHz, with a peak gain
of 13.8 dBi. Moreover, the gain bandwidth can be well covered by
the impedance bandwidth for the reflection coefficient ( ) below
from 8.6 GHz to 11.2 GHz.
Index Terms—Fabry-Perot resonator antenna, high gain, wide
bandwidth.
I. INTRODUCTION
T HE demands for highly directive antennas are becoming
more and more stringent, especially in upper microwave
and millimeter-wave regions [1]. Traditional technologies are
mainly based on reflectors [2], dielectric lenses [3], waveguide
horns [4] and microstrip antenna arrays [5], which could suffer
from design complexity, high cost and power losses in the
feeding network [6]. In recent years, electromagnetic band
gap (EBG) structures have attracted a lot of interest from the
electromagnetic community for applications in controlling
electromagnetic waves, as semiconductors control the propa-
gation of electrons [7]. Among them, one particular application
concerns the realization of high gain Fabry-Perot (FP) res-
onator antennas, also known as EBG resonator antennas [8].
A conventional FP resonator antenna is formed by placing an
EBG structure as a partially reflective surface (PRS) at a proper
distance from a ground plane, which creates an air-filled cavity
between the PRS and the ground plane, and fed by a small
antenna or an array. No reflective sidewall is needed when
applying such a configuration since no transversal propagating
Manuscript received September 22, 2013; revised January 02, 2014; accepted
February 04, 2014. Date of publication February 26, 2014; date of current ver-
sion May 01, 2014.
N. Wang, Q. Liu, C. Wu and J. Xu are with the School of Electronics and
Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
(e-mail: naizhiwang@hotmail.com).
L. Talbi is with the Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Uni-
versity of Quebec in Outaouais, Gatineau, QC J8Y 3G5, Canada.
Q. Zeng is with the Communication Research Center Canada, Ottawa, ON
K2H 8S2, Canada.
Color versions of one or more of the figures in this paper are available online
at http://ieeexplore.ieee.org.
Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/TAP.2014.2308533
0018-926X © 2014 IEEE. Personal use is permitted, but republication/redistribution requires IEEE permission.
See http://www.ieee.org/publications_standards/publications/rights/index.html for more information.
2463
mode exists inside the cavity at the operating frequency. The
resonance of the cavity results in a cophasal and tapered field
distribution along the lateral direction, leading to a high direc-
tivity and low sidelobes.
The main characteristics of the antenna, such as its operating
frequency, directivity, gain bandwidth and radiation patterns,
are determined by the property of the PRS. The operating fre-
quency depends on the following equation [7],
(1)
where and are the reflection phases of the PRS and the
ground plane, respectively, while is the distance between the
PRS and the ground plane. To keep a low profile, normally the
first resonance is adopted ( ). With a perfectly electric
conducting (PEC) ground plane ( ), the depth of the
cavity is close to half a wavelength at the operating frequency
when the reflection phase of the PRS satisfies the condition
. If the dimension is infinite, the directivity can be tuned
by adjusting the reflection magnitude of the PRS. With the in-
crease of the reflectance of the PRS, a higher directivity can be
generated, but the radiation bandwidth, for example, the 3 dB
gain bandwidth, will become smaller due to the high factor of
the resonator. Various EBG structures used as PRSs to construct
FP resonator antennas have been studied, including 1-D dielec-
tric slabs [9], 2-D dielectric grids and rods [10], 2-D printed fre-
quency selective surfaces (FSSs) [11], 2-D metallic apertures in
a conducting plate [12], and 3-D woodpile structures [6]. Struc-
tures based on 1-D dielectric slabs and printed FSSs are prefer-
able because they are simple and easy for fabrication.
Although an FP resonator antenna has several merits such as
high directivity and high radiation efficiency [13], its inherently
narrow gain bandwidth severely inhibits its use for many appli-
cations. For example, for a directivity of 20 dBi, the bandwidth
of a mono-source FP resonator antenna has not yet exceeded
6%, and is too narrow to be used for most of the telecommuni-
cation applications [14]. To solve this problem, three methods to
enhance the gain bandwidth have been proposed so far. The first
one employed an antenna array instead of a single antenna as
the excitation to feed an FP resonator antenna [15], where an en-
hanced 3 dB gain bandwidth of 13.2% was obtained while main-
taining a high gain over 20 dBi. However, a complex feeding
network is indispensable for this approach, losing the advan-
tages of simplicity and high radiation efficiency of an FP res-
onator antenna over a conventional array antenna. In the second
method [16], a mushroom-type high impedance surface (HIS)
with size-tapered patches and a single layer printed FSS were
2464 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION, VOL. 62, NO. 5, MAY 2014

applied as the ground plane and the PRS, respectively, in the

design of a wideband FP resonator antenna. With the help of
the elaborated HIS, the 3 dB gain bandwidth was enhanced to
14.1% with a peak gain of 19 dBi. The third method was based
on the analysis in [17]. When a PEC ground plane is applied
( ), (1) can be rearranged as

(2)

which indicates that a wideband FP resonator antenna could be

obtained by using a PRS with a positive reflection phase gra- Fig. 1. The EBG structure applied to the design: (a) top side, (b) side view,
dient over frequency. PRSs with this characteristic were suc- (c) bottom side.
cessfully constructed by 2-D printed metal strips [18] and 1-D
dielectric substrates [19], respectively, and used in several an-
tenna designs.
In this paper, using the third approach mentioned above, we
carry out the design and analysis of a novel wideband FP res-
onator antenna. The EBG structure applied in this design is
a combination of two complementary FSS structures (square
patches and square apertures), leading to a positive reflection
phase gradient within the operating band. To understand the
working principle of the EBG structure well, it is further mod-
eled as an equivalent circuit and analyzed using the Smith Chart
step by step. The FP resonator antenna is fed by a slot-cou-
pled patch antenna with a wide impedance bandwidth for a re-
flection coefficient ( ) below . This patch antenna is
air-loaded between the patch and the slot to suppress the ex-
citation of surface waves, which could be introduced into the
cavity and then degrade the performance of the EBG resonator
antenna. All the design is implemented with the EM software
CST Microwave Studio. A prototype is then fabricated and mea-
sured to validate the design and analysis.
Fig. 2. (a) The unit-cell and (b) the equivalent circuit.

II. THE EBG STRUCTURE

An EBG structure with a linearly increasing phase response
over frequency has potential to construct a wideband FP res-
onator antenna. Unfortunately, conventional EBG structures,
composed of 1-D dielectric slabs [9], 2-D printed FSSs [11]
or 3-D woodpile structures [6], are normally with negative
reflection phase slopes. Motivated by the stringent demand
for wideband high gain antennas, a lot of efforts have been
made to explore new EBG structures whose characteristics
can approximately satisfy the relationship depicted by (2). In
the following, we present one structure of this kind with two
complementary FSS layers and pursue some in-depth analysis
for a better understanding of the working principle.
An FSS is a periodic surface which is basically an as-
sembly of identical elements arranged in a one- or two-di-
mensional finite array. Various types of elements exist, such as
-poles, loop types, plate types and combinations [20]. Two
most common and complementary types, the square patch and
the square aperture, are used in our design. The diagram of
the structure is shown in Fig. 1. It is fabricated on a substrate
with a thickness of and a dielectric constant of . The metal
patches are on the top of the substrate and the square apertures
are at the bottom.
Fig. 2(a) shows one unit-cell of the two-dimensional periodic
structure. For a vertical polarized incident wave, each horizontal
gap between two square patches on the top surface acts as a
capacitor, whose capacitance can be easily controlled by
changing the width and length of the gap, namely, changing the
size of the patch. In addition, the patch itself also provides an
inductance with a small value connected in series with the
capacitor. Part B of Fig. 2(b) gives the equivalent circuit of the
periodic patches. At the bottom, the square apertures (or metal
grids) can be envisioned as composed of long rods acting as in-
ductors, whose inductance can be altered by changing the size
of the aperture, while the horizontal bars will act primarily like
capacitors in parallel with the inductors, as shown in Part D of
Fig. 2(b). Due to the large separation between the horizontal
bars, the equivalent capacitance is also small. It is worth
noting that neither the patches on the top nor the square aper-
tures at the bottom can produce a resonance because of the small
values of and . Consequently, the patches and the square
apertures keep capacitive and inductive, respectively, over a
wide frequency band for a normal incident wave. Between the
two FSS layers is the dielectric substrate with a thickness of
and a dielectric constant of . It can be treated as a segment of
WANG et al.: WIDEBAND FABRY-PEROT RESONATOR ANTENNA WITH TWO COMPLEMENTARY FSS LAYERS 2465

Fig. 3. Calculation model.

Fig. 4. (a) Equivalent circuit of the patch FSS and (b) Equivalent circuit of the
square aperture FSS.

transmission line with a characteristic impedance of and a

length of as shown in Part C of Fig. 2(b), and

(3)

where is the wave impedance of the air, about 377 Ohm.

Furthermore, the semi-infinite free space over the structure is
modeled as a wideband load with impedance of , shown as
Part A in Fig. 2(b).
The values of the lumped elements in Part B and Part D of
Fig. 2(b) can be extracted by the following procedures. Because
the substrate has effects on the equivalent values of , ,
and , it should be taken into account. The model for the ex-
traction of and is shown in Fig. 3, which is a unit-cell
of a periodic structure. In the normal direction of the patch, the
substrate with a dielectric constant of is terminated with a per-
fectly matched layer (PML) boundary. A plane-wave excitation
is applied and the self-admittance can be obtained by a full-wave
analysis. Fig. 4(a) gives the equivalent circuit of this structure.
The admittance and the susceptance can be written as (4)
and (5), respectively. At a low frequency, is very small
and can be ignored. Consequently, the value of can be de-
termined by (6). Then, at a high frequency, the value of can
be calculated by (5).
(4)
(5)
(6)
Using a model similar to the one shown in Fig. 3, and
can also be extracted. Firstly a full wave calculation should be
carried out to get the self-admittance of the square aperture FSS.
Then, according to the equivalent circuit shown in Fig. 4(b), the
admittance and the susceptance can be written as (7) and (8).
At a low frequency, is very small and can also be ignored.
Hence, the value of can be worked out by (9). Then, at a
high frequency, the value of can be figured out by (8).
(7)
(8)
(9)
Fig. 5. Analysis of the reflection by virtue of the Smith Chart ( : ; :
).
The components in Part B and Part D of the equivalent circuit
depicted in Fig. 2 have been extracted. To understand well how
the structure leads to a reflection phase curve versus frequency
with a positive slope, further analysis of the equivalent circuit
is carried out by using the Smith Chart. As shown in Fig. 5, the
Smith Chart is normalized to , and Point 1, Curve 2, Curve 3
and Curve 4 show the positions of the reflection coefficients ,
, and , respectively. Part A of the circuit is a frequency-
independent load with a value of , so is a point at the
matching center. Part B, which is connected in parallel with Part
A and capacitive due to the small value of , makes Point
1 travel clockwise along the unit conductance circle. Because
the travel distance is proportional to frequency, a curve, namely
Curve 2, is generated. Part C makes Curve 2 continuously travel
clockwise along a cluster of impedance transformation circles to
Curve 3. All the points of Curve 2 are theoretically on the same
conductance circle, while Curve 3 intersects with a cluster of
new ones. It can be observed that the reflection phase slopes of
both Curve 2 and Curve 3 are still negative so far. Then Part
D of the circuit is connected in parallel and acts as an inductor,
enabling Curve 3 to travel counter-clockwise along the cluster
of conductance circles to Curve 4 and making the slope of the
reflection phase positive.
The analysis above is based on the ideal case that the inci-
dence is perpendicular to the planar surface of the EBG struc-
ture. However, oblique incidence to the EBG layer always ex-
ists in the resonator cavity due to the wide radiation beam from
the feeding antenna. It is significant to reduce the inter-element
spacing of the EBG structure (normally less than ), because
a smaller spacing leads to a more stable characteristic versus
2466
Fig. 6. Reflection characteristics calculated by CST and the equivalent circuit
model: (a) reflection phase and (b) reflection amplitude.
incidence angle and avoids the onset of grating lobes [20]. In
practice, a compromise should be reached between a desirable
inter-element spacing and the machining precision. The loci of
the curves in Fig. 5 imply that the main function of the square
patch on the top of the substrate is to change the reflection mag-
nitude of the EBG structure, while that of the square aperture
at the bottom is to alter the reflection phase. By adjusting the
dimensions of the patch and the aperture, specific reflection
magnitudes and reflection phase slopes over frequency can be
achieved. The design rules of the EBG structure are summarized
as follows: 1) Select the substrate and determine the inter-el-
ement spacing. A smaller inter-element spacing is preferable,
but with the machining precision taken into consideration. 2)
Increase the size of the square patch from a small one to obtain
a satisfactory reflection magnitude. 3) Decrease the size of the
square aperture from a large one to make the slope of the reflec-
tion phase over frequency positive.
Based on the analysis and rules described previously, a
practical EBG structure with a positive reflection phase slope
working in X band has been designed. Square patches and
apertures are etched on a Rogers RT/duroid 5880 substrate
with a thickness of 0.787 mm and a dielectric constant of 2.2.
The dimensions of the unit-cell, the patch and the aperture are
8 mm 8 mm (less than at 10 GHz), 6.3 mm 6.3 mm
and 5.6 mm 5.6 mm, respectively. This periodic structure
has been simulated with a unit-cell model by using the EM
software CST Microwave Studio. Calculated results of the
reflection coefficient are shown in Fig. 6. It can be seen from
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION, VOL. 62, NO. 5, MAY 2014
Fig. 7. The air-loaded patch antenna used to feed the wideband FP resonator
antenna.
Fig. 6(a) that the phase curve versus frequency has a positive
slope in the range of 9 – 11 GHz, which is expected to satisfy
the relationship of (2). There is no special requirement for the
exact reflection phase values. Even though the reflection phase
is fixed, another parameter, namely the cavity height , can
be adjusted for a required resonant frequency, as indicated in
(2). Fig. 6(b) shows that the reflection magnitude is larger than
0.55, with the minimum value occurring at 10 GHz. Assuming
the size of the EBG structure to be infinite, the directivity of
the FP resonator antenna relative to that of the feeding antenna
can be written as [19],
(10)
where is the relative directivity, and is the reflection mag-
nitude of the EBG structure.
Additionally, to validate the equivalent circuit depicted in
Fig. 2(b) and the corresponding analysis, approximate values
of all the elements have been figured out: ,
, , ,
, and . The reflec-
tion phase and amplitude calculated with this circuit are also
plotted in Fig. 6. Only some slight differences exist between the
curves obtained with the full-wave unit-cell simulation and with
the circuit model, validating well the equivalent circuit model
and the above analysis.
III. WIDEBAND FP RESONATOR ANTENNA
As an integral part of the FP resonator antenna, the feeding
antenna also plays an important role. In this design, a slot-cou-
pled patch antenna is chosen as the candidate due to its low pro-
file, ease of feeding, stable broadside radiation and potential to
have a wide bandwidth. The structure of the patch antenna is
shown in Fig. 7. It is designed on the Rogers RT/duroid 5880
substrate ( , ) with a thickness of 0.787
mm. The parasitic patch is coupled with the feed line through a
slot in the ground plane, and it is spaced from the ground plane
by an air-gap instead of a substrate in order to suppress the ex-
citation of surface waves which can be introduced to the cavity
and degrade the performance of the FP resonator antenna. A
brief matching network is etched beneath the bottom layer to
make the antenna provide a wide impedance bandwidth cov-
ering the operating band of the FP resonator antenna. The di-
mensions of the antenna are listed as follows: ,
, , , ,
WANG et al.: WIDEBAND FABRY-PEROT RESONATOR ANTENNA WITH TWO COMPLEMENTARY FSS LAYERS 2467

, , ,
.
Because the FP resonator antenna is fed at the center of the
cavity, EM fields are evanescent in radial directions. A larger
size can alleviate well the impact of wave diffractions at the
edge. However, considering that a small size is preferable in
practical applications, the following method is used to deter-
mine the size of the antenna, which makes the EM fields at the
edge of the cavity weak enough in the meanwhile. At 10 GHz,
the directivity of the feeding antenna is 8 dBi, and ,
so we get the directivity of the FP resonator antenna
. An FP resonator antenna behaves
like a radiating aperture with a Gaussian distribution of electro-
magnetic field magnitude. For a required directivity, the struc-
ture size can be estimated by the following equation [8],

(11)

where is the size of the square surface of the antenna, is

the wavelength. An efficiency factor of 80% is applied in this
formula which is deduced from a set of simulations. Considering
that a wideband operation is pursued, a slightly larger aperture Fig. 8. (a) The diagram of the FP resonator antenna and (b) the prototype.
size is selected, which is at 10 GHz and allows a
directivity of 16.5 dBi. Consequently, an EBG structure with a
dimension of 72 mm 72 mm and comprised of 77 unit-cells, as
shown in Fig. 1, is arranged and applied as the PRS to the design
of the wideband FP resonator antenna. At each corner of the
9 9 rectangular array, one unit-cell is eliminated. Then totally
four holes are drilled through the substrate at the four corners,
and each hole will accommodate one dielectric spacer to support
this EBG structure suspended upon the feeding antenna and the
ground plane.
The overall design of the wideband FP resonator antenna is
carried out by combining the suspended EBG layer with the
feeding antenna. The entire model is simulated by using the EM
software CST Microwave Studio. Fig. 8(a) shows the diagram
of the FP resonator antenna. The feeding antenna is placed at Fig. 9. Directivity results from parameter study of the distance between the
the center of the cavity, and dielectric spacers are used to create ground plane and the EBG layer.
the air layers. Since the dimensions of both the EBG structure
and the feeding antenna have been fixed, only one parameter,
namely, the cavity height between the EBG layer and the
ground plane, can be adjusted to obtain satisfactory results. The
condition for the FP resonator antenna to work at the operating
frequency given by (1) is based on the analysis of plane wave
excitations. In the present case, the wave is from the feeding
antenna, whose height may also have an impact on the reso-
nant frequency of the resonator antenna. From these perspec-
tives, how to select the cavity depth of the resonator should be
carefully studied. Figs. 9 and 10 show the results of the param-
eter study of . With increasing from 14.5 mm to 15.5 mm,
the impedance matching of the antenna becomes better, and the
directivity slightly rises in the lower band but drops obviously Fig. 10. Reflection coefficients from parameter study of the distance be-
in the higher band, which is more sensitive to in the higher tween the ground plane and the EBG layer.
band. In order to reach a flat gain response versus frequency, the
depth of the air-cavity is selected as . Within the
frequency band of 9 – 11 GHz where the reflection phase slope 11 GHz, respectively. The directivity curves of the feeding an-
of the EBG structure is positive, the directivity varies directly tenna, the wideband FP resonator antenna and a conventional FP
with the reflection magnitude and has two peaks at 9 GHz and resonator antenna are plotted in Fig. 11. It can be observed that
2468
Fig. 11. Directivities of the feeding antenna, the wideband FP resonator an-
tenna and a conventional FP resonator antenna.
Fig. 12. Comparison between calculated and measured realized gain of the FP
resonator antenna.
the directivity of the feeding antenna has been well enhanced,
and the wideband FP resonator antenna possesses a much wider
3 dB directivity bandwidth than the conventional one.
Based on the discussion above, a prototype is fabricated and
shown in Fig. 8(b). Four hexagonal nylon spacers with a diam-
eter of 2.3 mm and a relative dielectric constant of 3 are placed
at four corners to support the suspended EBG layer and create
the 15 mm-deep air-cavity. They are also modeled and taken
into consideration during the design process of simulation. The
lateral dimension of the antenna is of the same size of the EBG
structure, which is 72 mm 72 mm.
Fig. 12 shows the calculated and measured gain of the an-
tenna, illustrating that the two results agree well with each other.
The experimental result indicates that a relative 3 dB gain band-
width has reached 28% from 8.6 GHz to 11.4 GHz with a peak
gain of 13.8 dBi. Calculated and measured reflection coeffi-
cients of the FP resonator antenna are plotted in Fig. 13, with the
simulated result of the single feeding antenna. It can be found
that the operating band slightly shifts downward after covered
by the EBG layer. Without any further adjustment to the feeding
antenna, the FP resonator antenna works well with below
over 8.8 to 11 GHz for the simulated result and over 8.6
to 11.2 GHz for the measured one, well covering the gain band-
width. Only a small difference exists between the calculation
and the measurement, which may be caused by the assembly or
measurement tolerances.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION, VOL. 62, NO. 5, MAY 2014
Fig. 13. Reflection coefficients of the patch antenna and the FP resonator
antenna.
Another important characteristic of the antenna, the radia-
tion pattern, has also been investigated. The co-polarization and
cross-polarization in -plane ( ) and -plane ( ) at 9 GHz,
10 GHz and 11 GHz are plotted in Fig. 14. The peak radiation all
happens in the broadside direction through the operating band.
Measured sidelobes are less than and cross-polariza-
tions are less than . Good agreements between simu-
lated and measured main lobes are reached, while the sidelobes
of the measured patterns are higher than those of the simulated
ones. This discrepancy is probably attributed to the reflection
and radiation from the cable and bracket used to feed and fix the
antenna under test. Furthermore, electric fields with low levels
are also more easily to be disturbed. Calculated cross-polariza-
tion patterns are lower than , so that we ignore them
in the graphs. Due to the symmetric configuration of the EBG
layer, the polarization of the antenna keeps consistent with that
of the feeding antenna, which implies that this radiation char-
acteristic can be easily altered by employing a feeding antenna
with a different polarization. For instance, if a circularly polar-
ized antenna is used as the feed, the radiation of the FP resonator
antenna will also be circularly polarized.
IV. CONCLUSION
A Fabry-Perot resonator antenna with a wide gain bandwidth
in X band is presented. The bandwidth enhancement of the an-
tenna is attributed to the positive reflection phase gradient of
the EBG structure, which is constructed by the combination of
two complementary frequency selective surfaces. To explain the
working principle of the EBG structure, the structure is modeled
as an equivalent circuit and analyzed by using the Smith Chart,
which is very useful to understand well and apply this method to
practical applications. How to extract the values of the lumped
elements in the equivalent circuit is also discussed. Through
the comparison between the results extracted from the equiv-
alent circuit and those from the full-wave simulation, the model
and analysis have been well validated. A wideband slot-cou-
pled air-loaded patch antenna is then designed as a feeding an-
tenna for the Fabry-Perot resonator antenna. Experimental and
calculated results of the resonator antenna agree well with each
other, showing that it possesses a relative 3 dB gain bandwidth
of 28% from 8.6 GHz to 11.4 GHz with a peak gain of 13.8
dBi. Moreover, the gain bandwidth can be well covered by the
WANG et al.: WIDEBAND FABRY-PEROT RESONATOR ANTENNA WITH TWO COMPLEMENTARY FSS LAYERS
Fig. 14. Radiation patterns: (a) -plane at 9 GHz, (b) -plane at 9 GHz, (c)
at 11 GHz.
impedance bandwidth for the reflection coefficient ( ) below
from 8.6 GHz to 11.2 GHz.
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Naizhi Wang received both the B.Sc. degree in
communication engineering and the M.A.Sc. degree
in electromagnetic field and microwave technique
from Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an,
China, in 2009 and 2012, respectively, where he
is currently working towards the Ph.D. degree in
electronic science and technology.
From 2011 to 2013, he was a Visiting Student at the
University of Quebec, Outaouais (UQO), Gatineau,
QC, Canada, and contributed in the design, integra-
tion, and testing of antennas for V band applications.
His current research interests are in the areas of electromagnetic bandgap struc-
tures for microwave and millimeter-wave antenna applications, frequency se-
lective surfaces, and wideband phased array antennas.
Qiang Liu received both the B.Sc. degree in elec-
tronic and information engineering and the M.A.Sc.
degree in electronic and communication engineering
from Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an,
China, in 2010 and 2013, respectively, where he is
currently working towards the Ph.D. degree in elec-
tronic science and technology.
During 2010 to 2013, he worked as a Research As-
sistant in the School of Electronics and Information,
Northwestern Polytechnical University. His current
research interests include the areas of microstrip an-
tenna applications, frequency selective surfaces, and frequency reconfigurable
antennas.
Changying Wu received the B.A.Sc. degree in elec-
trical and electronic engineering in 1999, the M.A.Sc.
degree in electromagnetic field and microwave tech-
nique in 2001 and the Ph.D. degree in circuit and
system in 2004 (with honors), all from Northwestern
Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China.
He is with the School of Electronics and Informa-
tion, Northwestern Polytechnical University, since
2004, where currently he is an Associate Professor.
In 2011, he was a Visiting Scholar with the Radio
Science Laboratory, Department of Electrical and
Computer Engineering, the University of British Columbia. His research
interests include antennas and dielectric measurement.
Larbi Talbi (S’95–M’97–SM’05) received the M.S.
and Ph.D. degrees in electrical engineering from
Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada, in 1989
and 1994, respectively.
He is currently Professor and Chair of Department
of Computer Science and Engineering (DCSE), Uni-
versity of Quebec in Outaouais (UQO), Gatineau,
QC, Canada. He completed a Postdoctoral Fellow-
ship within the Personal Communications Research
Group, INRS-Telecommunications, Montreal, QC,
Canada (1994–1995), where he led projects sup-
ported by Bell-Canada. From 1995 to 1998, he was an Assistant Professor at
the Electronics Engineering Department, Riyadh College of Technology, Saudi
Arabia. During 1998–1999, he was an Invited Professor at the Electrical and
Computer Engineering Department, University Laval, Quebec, Canada. In
1999, he joined the DCSE, University of Quebec in Outaouais, as Professor,
from 2007 to 2013 he was the Ph.D. Program Chair in Sciences and Information
Technologies. In 2005, he spent his sabbatical leave, as invited researcher,
at the Communication Research Center (CRC), Ottawa, Ontario, within the
Propagation Research (RVEP) group of the Satellite Communications and
Radio Propagation Branch (VPSAT). In 2006, he was a Visiting Professor at the
Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department, Dumlupinar University,
Turkey. Beside CRC he has also a very strong collaboration with the Telebec
Wireless Underground Communication Laboratory, Val-d’Or, Quebec. His
research activities include experimental characterization and modeling of
UHF/EHF indoor radio propagation channels and design of antennas and mi-
crowave circuits for wireless communication systems. Currently he is actively
involved in major projects related to the deployment of wireless technologies in
Underground mines, mainly, experimental characterization of the underground
mine channels using MIMO antennas at 60 GHz, design of microwave and RF
components using SIW technique, transparent antennas, metamaterials applied
to microwave design, antenna array for wireless applications. In 2013, he was
awarded the Best Paper Prize of IET – ICWCA conference held in Malaysia.
He has authored and coauthored over 200 journal and conference technical
papers.
Prof. Talbi is a member of the Order of Engineers of the Province of Quebec.
He frequently serves as a technical program committee member of international
and national conferences. He regularly acts as a Reviewer for many international
scientific journals and conferences and also for research funding organizations.
Qingsheng Zeng (S’98–M’02–SM’11) received the
Ph.D. degree from the University of Ottawa, Ottawa,
ON, Canada.
He is a Senior Research Engineer at the Com-
munications Research Centre Canada (CRC),
Government of Canada. He has been pursuing and
leading the research projects in CRC and Industry
Canada, which have been related to national and
international activities. He has undertaken research
and teaching in several fields, including ultra wide-
band technology, noise modeling and measurement,
electromagnetic compatibility and interference, radio wave propagation,
antennas and optoelectronics, authored and co-authored one book, two book
chapters and more than 50 technical papers and reports in these fields. He is
an Adjunct Research Professor at Carleton University in Ottawa, Université du
Québec en Outaouais (UQO) in Gatineau, and Institut National de la Recherche
Scientifique – Centre Energie, Matériaux et Télécommunications (INRS-EMT)
WANG et al.: WIDEBAND FABRY-PEROT RESONATOR ANTENNA WITH TWO COMPLEMENTARY FSS LAYERS
in Montreal, Canada, and a Guest Professor of Northwestern Polytechnical
University and Harbin Engineering University in China.
Dr. Zeng has been serving as an Editorial Board Member and a Reviewer
for a number of technical books and scientific journals, as a Session Orga-
nizer and Chair, a technical program committee member and Reviewer, a short
course/workshop/tutorial presenter and a Keynote Speaker for numerous inter-
national symposia, as a member of the Strategic Projects Grant (SPG) Selection
Panel (Information and Communications Technologies B) for the Natural Sci-
ences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC), a member of Site
Visit Committee of NSERC Industrial Research Chair (IRC), and a reviewer
of NSERC Industrial R&D Fellowships. He is the Chair of AP (Antennas and
Propagation)/MTT (Microwave Theory and Techniques) Joint Chapter and Sec-
retary of EMC (Electromagnetic Compatibility) Chapter of IEEE Ottawa and a
Member of IEEE Canada Industry Relations Committee.
2471
Jiadong Xu was born in Nanjing, China, in 1948. He
received the M.Sc. degree from Northwestern Poly-
technical University, Xi’an, China, in 1981.
Since 1990, he has been with the School of Elec-
tronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical
University, as a Full Professor working on antenna
design, EM scattering theory, and microwave mea-
surement. He has over 30 years research experience
in RF designs, antennas and electromagnetic compu-
tational techniques. He has published over 200 aca-
demic journals and referred conference papers and
led numerous funded projects from the government and industry.