266 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION, VOL. 68, NO.
1, JANUARY 2020
An Endfire Circularly Polarized Complementary
Antenna Array for 5G Applications
Xuexuan Ruan and Chi Hou Chan , Fellow, IEEE
Abstract— An endfire circularly polarized (CP) complemen-
tary antenna array is proposed for 5G applications. The pro-
posed antenna is realized using a single-layered printed circuit
board (PCB) with plated-through-hole technology and metal
blocks. The antenna element consists of an open-ended substrate-
integrated waveguide (SIW), an electric dipole, a double-sided
parallel-strip line (DSPSL), and two metal blocks. It is simple
in configuration and can achieve wide impedance and axial
ratio (AR) bandwidths, stable gain and radiation patterns, and
low back radiation. To increase the gain, a 1 × 8 antenna array
is formed by integrating eight antenna elements with a planar
1–8 SIW feed network. The measurement results show that the
proposed array can achieve an overlapping impedance and AR
bandwidth of 23.8% from 56.3 to 71.5 GHz with an endfire left-
handed CP (LHCP) gain from 14 to 15.3 dBic. The proposed
array possesses all the salient features of the complementary
source in symmetric and stable radiation patterns, low back
radiation, and wide bandwidth.
Index Terms— Circularly polarized (CP), complementary
source, endfire, fifth generation (5G), millimeter wave (mm-wave),
substrate integrated waveguide (SIW).
I. I NTRODUCTION
T HE next-generation mobile communications, 5G commu-
nications, is scheduled to be launched in 2020 across the
globe. An unlicensed band of 64–71 GHz has been added to
the existing high-band unlicensed spectrum of 57–64 GHz [1].
This large absolute bandwidth of 14 GHz supports multi-Gb/s
of data transmission [2] for fixed wireless access, wireless
local area networks (WLANs), wireless personal area net-
works (WPANs), portable multimedia streaming, and vehicular
networks [3] and other new and exciting enabling technologies
that cannot even be conceived today.
As an essential component in wireless 5G communications
systems, millimeter-wave (mm-wave) antennas are physically
small and lightweight and, thus, possess many potential appli-
cations. One of the possible applications of mm-wave antennas
is portable devices, including mobile phones and tablets [4].
It has been reported that antennas with endfire radiation, i.e.,
the radiation is directed to the top or bottom edge of the
Manuscript received January 21, 2019; revised May 24, 2019; accepted
August 9, 2019. Date of publication August 19, 2019; date of current version
January 3, 2020. This work was supported by the Hong Kong Research
Grants Council under Grant CityU 11203117. (Corresponding author:
Chi Hou Chan.)
The authors are with the Department of Electrical Engineering, City Uni-
versity of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, and also with the State Key Laboratory of
Terahertz and Millimeter Waves, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
(e-mail: xruan4-c@my.cityu.edu.hk; eechic@cityu.edu.hk).
Color versions of one or more of the figures in this article are available
online at http://ieeexplore.ieee.org.
Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/TAP.2019.2934888
0018-926X © 2019 IEEE. Personal use is permitted, but republication/redistribution requires IEEE permission.
See http://www.ieee.org/publications_standards/publications/rights/index.html for more information.
devices, are promising, because they minimize undesirable
influences of the user’s hand on the antenna radiation [5].
Meanwhile, compared to linearly polarized (LP) antennas,
circularly polarized (CP) antennas are very useful at mm-wave
bands due to their abilities to mitigate polarization mismatch
owing to the misalignment between receiver and transmitter
antennas as well as restrain multipath disturbances owing to
surrounding objects or the ground. Hence, it is desirable to
design endfire CP antennas for 5G wireless communications
systems.
Recently, many endfire CP antennas have been reported
[6]–[18], including planar helical antenna [6], antipodal
tapered slot antennas (ATSAs) [7]–[9], substrate-integrated
waveguide (SIW) horn antenna [10], combined magnetic
dipoles [11], [12], and complementary dipoles [13]–[18].
However, they all suffer from some disadvantages, making
them not suitable for the upper frequency band of 5G com-
munications. Generally, none of their gains are higher than
13 dBic; most of their operation ranges do not cover the
upper 5G band of 57–71 GHz, except for the work in [8]. The
planar helical antenna reported in [6] has a wide overlapping
impedance and axial ratio (AR) bandwidth of 34% from
8.2 to 11.6 GHz, but its radiation patterns are asymmetry
and it has a gain variation of more than 8 dB across the
operating band. The antipodal linearly and curvedly tapered
slot antennas were reported in [7] and [8] with wide AR
bandwidth of over 34%. As they are all metal structures, they
required more expensive fabrication process of either using a
wire cutting electrical discharge machine or micromachining.
Other endfire CP antennas have been reported in [9]–[17], but
they suffer from narrow impedance and/or AR bandwidths.
On the other hand, a wideband CP endfire complementary
source antenna integrated with a dielectric rod was proposed
in Ka-band [18]. It has an AR bandwidth of 41% and a 12 dBic
gain with stable radiation pattern. However, the inclusion of
the gain-enhancing dielectric rod complicated and lengthened
the antenna structure. When adopting this approach for the
upper band of 5G, thinner dielectric substrates are needed for
the dielectric rod, leading to a lower structural rigidity.
The idea of the CP complementary dipoles was first pro-
posed in [19]. An open-ended waveguide and an electric
dipole are superimposed together and parallel to each other.
They are excited with similar magnitudes and a proper phase
difference, and thus, CP radiation is generated. Previously,
we designed a CP complementary antenna with broadside
radiation [20]. It features an operation mechanism similar
to [19] as well as wide impedance and AR bandwidths
RUAN AND CHAN: ENDFIRE CP COMPLEMENTARY ANTENNA ARRAY
Fig. 1. Evolution of the proposed antenna element.
and a large front-to-back ratio (FBR) like [18]. While
the works in [13]–[17] also feature the complementary-
source operation principle, they resulted in narrow impedance
and/or AR bandwidths as well as a small FBR. One dis-
tinct structural difference between [13]–[17], [18], and [20]
is the feeding mechanisms which significantly affect the
impedance bandwidths. Antennas reported in [13]–[17] are
fed by coaxial probes, while those in [18] and [20] by
rectangular-waveguide-to-SIW transitions. Another distinct
structural difference between [13]–[17] and [20] is whether
a reflector is used, which is a common technique to improve
antennas’ FBRs. For [13]–[17], there are no reflectors utilized,
whereas for [20], the radiating slot is etched on a metal
layer, a natural reflector. Therefore, in this article, we propose
endfire CP complementary dipole and array that can achieve
broadband operation using appropriate feeding mechanisms
and large FBRs using reflectors.
The proposed antenna element is directly fed by an SIW
without any feed transitions, and thus, it achieves wide
impedance and AR bandwidths. To improve the gain, a 1 × 8
antenna array is formed by integrating eight antenna elements
with a planar 1–8 SIW feed network. To validate the design, a
rectangular-waveguide-to-SIW transition is implemented, and
a prototype is fabricated and measured. The proposed antenna
is a promising candidate for 5G communications due to its
merits of broadband, high gain, low cost and simple and
compact structure.
II. A NTENNA E LEMENT
A. Configuration
The evolution of the proposed antenna element is presented
in Fig. 1. First, it originates from an open-ended SIW. The
SIW is fed at one end and is open at the other end. Second,
two L-shaped metal strips are etched on the top and bottom
sides of the extended substrate at the open end of the SIW. The
sections of the L-shaped strips, parallel to the open aperture
267
Fig. 2. Geometry of the proposed antenna element. (a) Front view. (b) Top
view.
TABLE I
D IMENSIONS OF THE P ROPOSED A NTENNA E LEMENT
of the SIW, work as an electric dipole. The other sections
of the L-shaped strips, perpendicular to the open aperture of
the SIW, work as a double-sided parallel-strip line (DSPSL).
Finally, two metal blocks are added above and below the
SIW. The metal blocks work as reflectors to improve the
FBR.
The antenna is designed on a printed circuit board (PCB)
laminate (Rogers RT/Duroid 5880, εr = 2.24, tanδ =
0.004 [21]). The antenna was designed with the assistance
of commercial 3-D full-wave electromagnetic simulation soft-
ware ANSYS Electronics 17.2 [22]. The optimized geometry
and dimensions of the proposed antenna are given in Fig. 2 and
Table I, respectively.
B. Operation Principle
The energy flows from the input port to the radiating
aperture through the SIW to excite the antenna element. The
DSPSL connects the broad walls of the SIW with the electric
dipole, so that the energy can flow out of the SIW and then
excite the electric dipole.
The radiating aperture of the open-ended SIW works as
an equivalent magnetic dipole which in conjunction with
the electric dipole forms a complementary source. Both the
magnetic and the electric dipoles are in horizontal direction.
In the far-field, the magnetic dipole generates an electric field
(E-field) in the +z-direction, while the electric dipole gen-
erates an E-field in the +y-direction. Hence, two orthogonal
E-fields are achieved in the yz plane. The DSPSL provides a
90◦ phase delay for the +y-directed E-field when compared
to the +z-directed E-field. By adjusting the dimensions of
the other antenna components, the two E-fields have similar
magnitudes. Consequently, the antenna generates left-handed
CP (LHCP) radiation.
268 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION, VOL. 68, NO. 1, JANUARY 2020

Fig. 5. Simulated radiation patterns of the proposed antenna element at the

center frequency of 64 GHz.
Fig. 3. Simulated reflection coefficient and AR of the proposed antenna
element.

Fig. 6. Simulated reflection coefficients of the proposed antenna element

with metal blocks of different heights H2 .
Fig. 4. Simulated LHCP gain and FBR of the proposed antenna element.

C. Performances
Here are some simulation results of the proposed antenna
element, including the reflection coefficient and the AR
in Fig. 3, the LHCP gain and the FBR in Fig. 4, and the
radiation patterns at the central operating frequency (64 GHz)
in Fig. 5. The impedance bandwidth (|S11 | < −10 dB) is better
than 37.5% (52–76 GHz). The AR bandwidth (AR < 3 dB) is
22.6% (57–71.5 GHz). Over the overlapping impedance and
AR bandwidth of 57–71.5 GHz, the LHCP gain varies from
7.05 to 7.15 dBic, and the FBR is larger than 14.5 dB. The
antenna structure has twofold rotational symmetry along the
x-direction. Therefore, radiation patterns are symmetrical and Fig. 7. Simulated ARs of the proposed antenna element with metal blocks
almost identical in the orthogonal xz and xy planes, and very of different heights H2 .
stable over the operating band. The 3 dB AR beamwidths in
both planes are more than 100◦ . The excellent performances significantly enhanced, including the improved AR bandwidth,
of the proposed antenna element demonstrate the superiority gain, and FBR as well as reduced gain variation after the metal
of the complementary dipole and the potential of the further blocks are added.
array design.
E. Length of the DSPSL
D. Function of the Metal Blocks It can be concluded from Section III-B that the length of
In order to illustrate the function of the metal blocks, the feedline, connecting the radiating aperture and the electric
Figs. 6–9 present the radiation characteristics of the proposed dipole, has a crucial influence on the operation range of the
antenna element with the metal blocks of different heights CP antenna element because it determines the phase difference
H2 . The situation where H2 = 0 mm indicates that there is between the two complementary dipoles. In order to further
no metal block. As shown in Fig. 6, the reflection coefficient understand the influence of the length of the DSPSL, some
of the antenna is not adversely affected by the inclusion of quantitative analyses are provided as follows.
the metal blocks. On the other hand, as shown in Figs. 7–9, As is well known, to achieve CP radiation, two orthogonal
the performances of the proposed antenna element can be far-field E-fields should be generated with an equal magnitude
RUAN AND CHAN: ENDFIRE CP COMPLEMENTARY ANTENNA ARRAY
Fig. 8. Simulated LHCP gains of the proposed antenna element with metal
blocks of different heights H2 .
Fig. 9. Simulated FBRs of the proposed antenna element with metal blocks
of different heights H2 .
Fig. 10. Simulated magnitude differences of the far-field E-field of the
proposed antenna element with DSPSL of different lengths L 1 .
and a 90◦ phase difference. Therefore, there are two key
factors to determine CP radiation, far-field E-field magnitude
ratio (EFMR), and E-field phase difference (EFPD). These two
key factors in the +x-direction are depicted in Figs. 10 and 11
and they are defined as follows, respectively:
M E1
EFMR = (d B) (1)
M E2
E F P D = PE1 − PE2 (deg) (2)
where M E1 and PE1 are the magnitude and phase of the
E-field in the +z-direction and M E2 and PE2 are the magni-
tude and phase of the E-field in the +y-direction, respectively.
269
Fig. 11. Simulated phase differences of the far-field E-field of the proposed
antenna element with DSPSL of different lengths L 1 .
Fig. 12. Geometry of the 1 × 8 antenna array.
As shown in Fig. 10, the EFMR with different L 1 is within
−2 to 2 dB across the operation band, which is sufficient to
generate CP radiation. On the other hand, as shown in Fig. 11,
the EFPD with different L 1 significantly changes at the upper
band. Therefore, it can be concluded that the length of the
DSPSL has small influence on the EFMR but great influence
on the EFPD between the two complementary dipoles, which
is consistent with the above conclusion.
F. Comparison With Previous Works
Compared to [13]–[17], one structural improvement of our
antenna element is the feed method. It is directly fed by
an SIW without any feed transitions, and thus it achieves
wider impedance and AR bandwidths as shown in Fig. 3.
Another structural improvement is the addition of the metal
blocks, and thus, it features a higher gain and FBR as shown
in Figs. 8 and 9.
For our previous work [20], the feedline is realized using a
pair of metalized vias inside the substrate. Because the height
is restricted by the thickness of the substrate, it is difficult to
make the antenna operate at a desired frequency range. In this
article, such feedline is realized using a DSPSL on the top
and bottom metal layers of the PCB. Since the length of the
DSPSL can be freely tuned, it is much easier to make the
antenna element work at the desired frequency range.
III. A NTENNA A RRAY
A. Configuration
To further improve the antenna gain, a 1 × 8 antenna
array is formed as shown in Fig. 12. As is well known,
the performances of the antenna element are affected by
each other in the array environment due to mutual couplings.
Therefore, the dimensions of the antenna element are further
optimized with all eight array elements in place. The radiation
270
TABLE II
D IMENSIONS OF THE P ROPOSED A NTENNA A RRAY
Fig. 13. Mutual couplings between the neighboring antenna elements. Some
S-parameters are not presented here due to structural symmetry of the array.
Fig. 14. Geometry of the 1–8 SIW feed network.
TABLE III
D IMENSIONS OF THE P ROPOSED 1- TO -8 SIW F EED N ETWORK
characteristics (e.g., the AR bandwidth) in the array design
were maintained by tuning the dimensions. The final values
of dimensions of the antenna element are listed in Table II. The
mutual couplings between the neighboring antenna elements
are below −10 dB as shown in Fig. 13.
B. Feed Network
To feed the 1 × 8 antenna array, a planar 1–8 full-corporate
SIW feed network is designed as shown in Fig. 14 with the
dimension values listed in Table III. The feed network consists
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION, VOL. 68, NO. 1, JANUARY 2020
Fig. 15. Simulated S-parameter magnitudes of the 1–8 SIW feed network.
Some S-parameters are not presented here due to its structural symmetry.
Fig. 16. Simulated S-parameter phases of the 1–8 SIW feed network. Some
S-parameters are not presented here due to its structural symmetry.
of a 1–8 SIW power divider and a rectangular-waveguide-SIW
transition. Each output signal of the SIW power divider is
naturally equal in magnitude and phase due to the structural
symmetry. A wideband transition [23] is integrated between
the input port of the SIW power divider and the WR-15
waveguide to facilitate measurements of the antenna array.
Figs. 15 and 16 present the simulated scattering parameters
(S-parameters) of the feed network. The reflection coefficient
of the input port is less than −16 dB from 55.6 to 76 GHz as
shown in Fig. 15. Also, as shown in Fig. 15, the transmission
coefficients from the input port to the output ports are around
−9.5 dB. It is noted that all the transmission coefficients,
including their magnitudes and phases, are almost overlapped,
indicating the amplitude/phase imbalance of the eight channels
of the SIW power divider is almost zero. For a perfect
1–8 power divider, the transmission coefficient from the input
port to each output port is −9 dB. Therefore, the simulated
insertion loss of the power divider is 0.5 dB. By integrating
the feed network and the antenna elements, a 1 × 8 antenna
array is formed and fabricated as shown in Fig. 17.
C. Measurement Setup
The reflection coefficients of the antenna under test (AUT)
were measured by a Vector Network Analyzer (VNA) (Anritsu
VectorStar MN4697C) with a pair of frequency extension mod-
ules (Anritsu 3743A) and a V -band adapter (Agilent V281C).
RUAN AND CHAN: ENDFIRE CP COMPLEMENTARY ANTENNA ARRAY
Fig. 17. Fabricated antenna components and assembled prototype.
Fig. 18. Radiation pattern measurement setup.
The radiation characteristics of the AUT were measured by an
in-house far-field mm-wave antenna measurement system as
demonstrated in Fig. 18. There is a VNA (Keysight N5242B),
with a pair of frequency extension modules (VNAX) (VDI
1119), working from 47 to 77 GHz. The AUT is deployed
as a transmitting antenna, and it is connected to one VNAX
at the center of the rotation stage. Three sets of CP standard
gain horns (SGHs), provided by Millitech Inc., are utilized
as receiving antennas, and they are connected to the VNAX
at the end of the rotation arm. Each set of the CP SGH
consists of a circular-to-rectangular waveguide adapter (WAC),
a linear-to-circular polarizer (POL), and a conical SGH. One
set (WAC-15-165R + POL-15-R1650 + SGH-15-RC165)
is used from 50 to 58 GHz; one set (WAC-15-141R +
POL-15-R1410 + SGH-15-RC141) is used from 58 to
68 GHz; and another set (WAC-15-125R + POL-15-R1250 +
SGH-15-RC125) is used from 68 to 75 GHz. The CP hand-
edness of each set of the CP SGH is decided by the assem-
bling orientation of the POL. The distance between the AUT
and the SGH is more than 50 cm, satisfying the far-field
measurement requirement for the proposed operation band.
271
Fig. 19. Simulated and measured reflection coefficients and ARs of the
proposed antenna array.
Fig. 20. Simulated and measured LHCP gains and simulated FBR of the
proposed antenna array. Gain data for the CP SGH antennas are available up
to 70 GHz.
Two identical SGHs are employed with the gain comparison
method to obtain the antenna gain of the AUT. The robotic
arm (Universal Robots UR10) can rotate from −90◦ to 90◦
to acquire the radiation patterns on the upper hemisphere of
AUT. Some RF absorbers are placed around the AUT to reduce
reflections from the surroundings.
D. Performances
Fig. 19 presents the reflection coefficients and the ARs of
the proposed antenna array. Excellent agreement is obtained
between the simulated and the measured results. The simulated
and the measured impedance bandwidths (|S11 | < −10 dB) are
26.2% (55–71.6 GHz) and 26% (56.2–73 GHz), respectively.
The simulated and the measured AR bandwidths are 28.8%
(54.8–73.2 GHz) and 23.8% (56.3–71.5 GHz), respectively.
The simulated and the measured overlapping impedance and
AR bandwidths of the antenna array are 26.2% (55–71.6 GHz)
and 23.8% (56.3–71.5 GHz), respectively, and they both cover
the upper 5G band of 57–71 GHz.
Fig. 20 shows the LHCP gain and the FBR of the proposed
antenna array. Excellent agreement is also observed between
the results obtained from simulations and measurements.
The simulated and the measured LHCP gains have a peak
value of 15 dBic at 67 GHz and 15.3 dBic at 66 GHz,
respectively. Also, they vary less than 0.6 (simulated) and
1.3 dB (measured) throughout the corresponding overlapping
272
Fig. 21. Simulated radiation and aperture efficiencies of the proposed antenna
array.
bandwidths. The gains of the antenna prototype were measured
only up to 70 GHz because the gain data of the CP SGHs are
available only up to 70 GHz. The gains are very stable and
relatively high. The simulated FBR is around 28 dB throughout
the simulated overlapping bandwidth.
Fig. 21 shows the simulated radiation and aperture efficien-
cies of the proposed antenna array. The simulated radiation
efficiency of the proposed antenna is better than 90% across
the operation band. The aperture efficiency εap of the antenna
array is calculated by the formula as follows [24]:
Gλ2
εap =
4π A
A = (H1 + H2 × 2) × W1 × 8
where G, λ, and A are the gain, operating wavelength, and
physical aperture of the antenna, respectively. H1, H2, and W1
are the dimensions of the proposed antenna array as provided
in Table II.
Fig. 22 demonstrates the radiation patterns in the xz and
yz planes at 58, 64, and 70 GHz. They are normalized
by the corresponding peak gains for ease of comparison.
The results from simulations and measurements match very
well. The radiation patterns are symmetrical in each plane
because the antenna structure has twofold rotational symmetry
along the x-axis. In addition, all the maximum radiations of
the LHCP are fixed in the +x-direction where all the right-
handed CP (RHCP) radiations are 15 dB lower, satisfying the
CP radiation condition (AR < 3 dB). Both simulated and
measured 3 dB AR beamwidths in the xz plane are more
than 90◦ .
E. Comparison With Previous Works
Some previously reported CP endfire antennas are compared
with the proposed antenna in Table IV. In previously reported
literature, most of the antenna operation ranges do not cover
the upper 5G band of 57–71 GHz, except for the antenna
in [8]; all of the antenna gains are lower than 13 dBic.
Specifically, for [6], its gain is unstable, and its radiation
patterns are asymmetry because its structure has no rotational
symmetry. For [7], [8], they are fabricated using complicated
and precise metal machining, making the fabrication cost high
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION, VOL. 68, NO. 1, JANUARY 2020
(3)
(4)
Fig. 22. Simulated and measured radiation patterns of the proposed antenna
array.
and the IC integration difficult. For [9]–[17], they suffer from
poor impedance or/and AR bandwidths. For [18], the back
radiation of the first design is relatively large. To simul-
taneously reduce the back radiation and improve the gain,
the second design in [18] is integrated with a dielectric rod
which is realized by three PCB laminates, making its structure
large and complicated. The gain variations of [9] and [11]–[17]
are not given in the corresponding literature. Nevertheless,
it is not quite appropriate to use them for the comparison
since the overlapping bandwidths of [9] and [11]–[17] are too
narrow. Therefore, it does not affect the comparison of gain
variations.
For our antenna element, in contrast, is directly fed by
an SIW without any feed transitions, and thus, it achieves
wide impedance and AR bandwidths. In addition, the FBR is
improved by integrating with two metal blocks, and the gain
is further improved by forming an antenna array. Compared
to [7] and [8], our work requires simple and low-cost metal
machining. Compared to [18], our work features a more
compact structure and easier fabrication. Compared to all
previous works [6]–[18], our work possesses not only wide
impedance and AR bandwidths covering the upper 5G band
of 57–71 GHz but also a very stable gain up to 15.3 dBic.
RUAN AND CHAN: ENDFIRE CP COMPLEMENTARY ANTENNA ARRAY
TABLE IV
C OMPARISON OF D IFFERENT CP E NDFIRE A NTENNAS
IV. C ONCLUSION
In this article, an endfire CP complementary antenna array
has been presented for the upper mm-waveband of 5G com-
munications. The antenna element consists of an open-ended
SIW, an electric dipole, a DSPSL, and two metal blocks. Its
operation principle has been investigated in detail. It possesses
many advantages, including wide impedance and AR band-
widths, stable gain and radiation patterns, and a large FBR.
To improve the gain, a 1 × 8 antenna array is formed by
integrating eight antenna elements with a planar 1–8 SIW
feed network. To validate the design, a rectangular-waveguide-
to-SIW transition is implemented, and an array prototype is
fabricated and measured. We can conclude that the proposed
array antenna is a suitable component for 5G communications
owing to its merits of broadband, high gain, low cost, and
simple and compact structure. One possible 5G application
scenario is millimeter-wave radars operating at 60 GHz [25].
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Xuexuan Ruan received the B.Eng. degree in
electromagnetics and wireless technology from the
University of Electronic Science and Technology
of China (UESTC), Chengdu, China, in 2015. He
is currently pursuing the Ph.D. degree in electrical
engineering with the City University of Hong Kong,
Hong Kong.
His current research interests include anten-
nas, metasurfaces, and material characterization in
millimeter-wave and terahertz bands.
Chi Hou Chan (S’86–M’86–SM’00–F’02) received
the Ph.D. degree in electrical engineering from the
University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA, in 1987.
From 1987 to 1989, he was a Visiting Assistant
Professor with the Department of Electrical and
Computer Engineering, University of Illinois. From
1989 to 1998, he was a Faculty Member with the
Department of Electrical Engineering, University of
Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. In 1996, he joined
the Department of Electronic Engineering, City Uni-
versity of Hong Kong (CityU), Hong Kong, and
was promoted to the Chair Professor of electronic engineering in 1998.
He is currently the Director of the State Key Laboratory of Terahertz and
Millimeter Waves, CityU. His current research interests include computational
electromagnetics, millimeter-wave circuits and antennas, and terahertz science
and technology.
Prof. Chan was a recipient of the U.S. National Science Foundation
Presidential Young Investigator Award in 1991, the Joint Research Fund
for Hong Kong and Macao Young Scholars, the National Science Fund
for Distinguished Young Scholars, China, in 2004, and the Harrington-
Mittra Award in Computational Electromagnetics from the IEEE Antenna and
Propagation Society in 2019.