NURS 365 Test 1 Study Guide and Rubric

Exams consist of True/False and multiple-choice questions. The exam is based on the
material covered in the powerpoint slides. Read the book to elaborate, reinforce and
understand the concepts presented in the powerpoint slides.

**Please be advised that this is intended as a guide to focus your studying and is not
necessarily inclusive of all test material. Also, please keep in mind that instructors
will not be able to elaborate further on the test questions without providing an
unfair advantage.**

EXAM 1 - TEST RUBRIC

Class 1
Cell biology/altered cell biology 6
Genetics 6
Intro. to Pharmacology 30
Class 2
Fluid and Electrolyes 8
Acid-Base 7
Class 3
Innate/Adaptive Immunity 21
Stress & Disease 7
Total 85

Genetics
1. Cell biology
a. Basic anatomy and functions of cells and cell organelles
2. Altered cell biology
a. Types of cell & tissue alterations and injuries
b. Causes/clinical manifestations of alterations and injuries
3. Genetics
a. Basic principles of inheritance
i. Heterozygous vs. homozygous
ii. Autosomal dominant, Autosomal recessive, X-linked, etc.
iii. Penetrance vs. expressivity
4. Immunity
a. Antigens vs. Antibodies (know the differences)
b. What can activate the immune system
i. Role of major histocompatibility complex (MHC)
 ii. The meaning and process of clonal diversity/selection
c. Types: active, inactive, and passive immunity
d. Role of immunoglobulins, T lymphocyte (know the role of killer T cells, also),
and eosinophils
i. Types of immunoglobulins (5) and their roles

e. Adaptive vs. Innate (know differences)

1. Adaptive
a. Passive vs. Active
b. Complement proteins- roles of C3a and C5a
2. Innate
a. Know what the body’s first and second lines of defense are
3. Know physiology of the immune response
a. How bacteria survive despite the immune system
4. Definition of antigenic drift
5. Know the role of different cell types in immunity and infection (white
blood cells, mast cells, eosinophils, memory cells, plasma cells, etc.)
6. Know the differences between antigens and antibodies

5. Stress and disease

a. What triggers a stress response and what it entails
i. How the Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS) responds to stress
b. Adrenergic receptors
i. What they are (alpha 1 and 2, beta 1 and 2)
ii. What they do
iii. How that relates to the stress response and clinical manifestations
(ex. If beta 1 is stimulated/blocked…you will see x clinical response)
6. Fluid and Electrolytes
a. Types of fluid compartments
b. Oncotic and osmotic pressure
i. What produces these forces
1. The role of plasma proteins
ii. How fluid shifts occur and why
c. Types of electrolyte imbalances
i. Causes
ii. Clinical manifestations
7. Acid-base disorders
a. Metabolic acidosis and alkalosis
i. Causes
ii. Clinical manifestations
b. Respiratory acidosis and alkalosis
i. Causes
 ii. Clinical manifestations
c. Compensation
d. Blood gas analysis
i. No values but know trends (ex. If PCO2 is increased and HCO3 is
decreased)
8. Intro. to Pharmacology
a. Basic principles of excretion, absorption, metabolism, and distribution in
populations of all ages
i. Half life- definition and application
ii. How these things differ from drug to drug (solubility, route, etc.)
b. Agonist vs. Antagonist
c. Loading doses
d. Therapeutic range
e. **Principles of safe medication administration**- nursing responsibilities are
a heavy focus on this exam.