CONFIDENTIAL AS/FEB 2023/BMS545

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA

FINAL EXAMINATION

COURSE IMMUNOLOGY
COURSE CODE BMS545
EXAMINATION FEBRUARY 2023
TIME 2 HOURS

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES

1. This question paper consists of three (3) parts: PART A (10 Questions)
PART B (27 Questions)
PART C (2 Questions)

2. Answer ALL questions from all three (3) parts:

Answer PART A in the Answer Booklet.

Answer PART B in the Objective Answer Sheet.
Answer PART C in the Answer Booklet. Start each answer on a new page.

3. Do not bring any material into the examination room unless permission is given by the
invigilator.

4. Please check to make sure that this examination pack consists of:

the Question Paper

an Answer Booklet - provided by the Faculty
an Objective Answer Sheet - provided by the Faculty

5. Answer ALL questions in English.

DO NOT TURN THIS PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO

This examination paper consists of 13 printed pages

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PART A

State TRUE or FALSE.

QUESTION 1

Antibody molecules and antigens are often multivalent. This multivalency tends to increase
the strength of the interaction.
(1 mark)

QUESTION 2

Chemokines stimulate leukocytes migration to an infection site.

(1 mark)

QUESTION 3
Antibodies raised against one antigen may sometimes cross-react with a different antigen
that possesses a structurally similar epitope.
(1 mark)

QUESTION 4

IL4 cytokine could inhibit the effects of IFN-y on B cells. This property is referred to as
synergism.
(1 mark)

QUESTION 5

The results of interferon interaction include preventing virally infected cells from replicating
and from making new viral particles and simultaneously inhibiting normal cellular functions
and destroying virally infected cells so that the infection cannot spread.
(1 mark)

QUESTION 6

Membrane Attack Complexes (MACs) formed by classical and alternative complement

cascades are identical.
(1 mark)

QUESTION 7
The 'classical complement pathway' is activated when IgM binds to E. coli cell wall and
forms an antigen-antibody complex.
(1 mark)

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QUESTION 8
Phagocytes use pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) to recognize pathogen-associated
molecular patterns (PAMPs) to detect microbial invasion and initiate adaptive immune
defenses.
(1 mark)

QUESTION 9
Phagocytes can release proteases and oxygen radicals to kill microbes that could not be
phagocytosed.
(1 mark)

QUESTION 10

If antigens present on Streptococcus pneumonie cells are T-independent antigens, these

antigens could stimulate B-cells directly, without co-stimulation by the helper T-cells.
(1 mark)

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PARTB

QUESTION 1

A postzone reaction giving a falsely negative result may occur when:

A. The quantity of antigen is excessive
B. There is more antibody than antigen
C. Serum has not been heat-inactivated before tittering
D. Antigens are very closely related
(1 mark)

QUESTION 2

Choose which reaction of the following resulted from an interaction between Salmonella cells
and anti-Salmonella antibody.
A. Precipitation
B. Agglutination
C. Haemagglutination
D. None of the above
(1 mark)

QUESTION 3

An interaction between the hormone thyroxine and anti-thyroxine antibody will result
in .
A. Precipitation
B. Agglutination
C. Haemagglutination
D. None of the above
(1 mark)

QUESTION 4

Human serum IgA was isolated and injected into a rabbit. The resulting rabbit anti-lgA
antibodies will react against all the following except that human .
A. alpha chain
B. IgG
C. J chain
D. secretory component
(1 mark)

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QUESTION 5
Determine which of the following may occur when a postzone reaction gives a false-negative
result.
A. The quantity of antigen is excessive.
B. There is more antibody than antigen.
C. Serum has not been heat inactivated before titering.
D. Antigens are very closely related.
(1 mark)

QUESTION 6
Choose the principle of ELISA method.
A. Detects agglutination of cells by antibodies specific to cell-surface antigens.
B. Uses isotope-labelled antibodies to detect extremely small amount of antigens.
C. Uses enzyme-linked anti-IgG to detect serum antibody to specific antigens.
D. Used to isolate cell populations or proteins.
(1 mark)

QUESTION 7

Blank -ve +V6 Patient 1:1 1:10 1:100 1:1000 1:10000 1:100000
control control
0.002 0.012 0.888 P1 1.002 0.889 0.678 0.399 0.200 0.096

0.003 0.008 0.967 P2 0.038 0.021 0.017 0.009 0.003 0.001

0.005 0.004 0.902 P3 0.568 0.203 0.086 0.079 0.082 0.045

Table 1

Questions 7-8 are based on Table 1. You are given a task to detect the presence of
influenza virus antibodies in patients' sera using indirect ELISA. You obtained the following
results from your test on three patients' sera, as shown in Table 1.

Determine the titer of P1.

A. 10000
B. 1000
C. 100
D. 10
(2 marks)

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QUESTION 8

Determine the titer of P3.

A. 10000
B. 1000
C. 100
D. 10
(2 marks)

QUESTION 9

Evaluate the haemagglutination titer for the following test result.

Reactions O O O O O O O Q

Dilutions 1/2 1/4 1/8 1/16 1/32 1/64 1/128 1/256

A. 32
B. 1/32
C. 64
D. 1/64
(2 marks)

QUESTION 10
Arrange the following procedures of indirect ELISA in the correct order.

I. add labelled antibody

II. place antigen in microtiter plate
III. add enzyme subsrate
IV. add test serum in microtiter plate
V. observe colour production
A. II, I, IV, III, V
B. II, IV, I, III, V
C. IV, I, II, III, V
D. IV, II, Mil, V
(2 marks)

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QUESTION 11
Choose the following treatment that may eliminate prozone reaction:

A. Incubation
B. Refrigeration
C. Dilution
D. Centrifugation
(1 mark)

QUESTION 12

Identify the immunoassay shown in the figure.

•^Q , (|) (*) ' f ) AAA

:J: A
& i A a & z .»

A. X: immunoprecipitation; Y: radial immunodiffusion; Z: rocket imunoelectrophoresis

B. X: immunoelectrophoresis; Y: radial immunodiffusion; Z: rocket Immunoelectrophoresis
C. X: radial immunodiffusion; Y: immunoelectrophoresis; Z: rocket immunoelectrophoresis
D. X: Mancini technique; Y: radial immunodiffusion; Z: rocket immunoelectrophoresis
(2 marks)

QUESTION 13
lnterleukin-4 cytokine has a different biological effect on a different type of cells, it is known
to exhibit .

A. Antagonism
B. Pleiotropy
C. Redundancy
D. Synergism
(1 mark)

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QUESTION 14

Identify the false statement regarding antibody production.

A. Plasma cell referring to antibody-producing cells.

B. Protein molecules induce more antibody production compared to metal.
C. Antibodies are produced by the B cells.
D. Antibodies predominate the primary immune response to antigens.
(1 mark)

QUESTION 15

Member of a cytokine receptor family .

A. can all bind the same cytokines.
B. are grouped together because they share antigen specificity.
C. are often found on the same cells.
D. are similar in protein structure or region of amino acid sequence.
(1 mark)

QUESTION 16

Find which measures can be taken to increase the immunogenicity of a vaccine.

A. Given with adjuvants.
B. Given with additional boosters.
C. Covalently linking protein carriers.
D. All of the above
(1 mark)

QUESTION 17

"The unique molecules displayed on stressed, injured, infected, or transformed human."

Identify the molecules mentioned in the statement.
A. Antigens
B. PAMPs
C. MAMPs
D. All of the above
(1 mark)

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QUESTION 18

Pathogenic bacteria have diverse strategies to avoid phagocytic engulfment and killing
except:
A. Inhibit phagocytic engulfment
B. Survive inside phagocytes
C. Divert phagocytes
D. Kill phagocytes
(1 mark)

QUESTION 19

The formation of memory immune responses is the objective of vaccination. Determine from
the following, which is the predominant function of immunological memory.
A. The complement system
B. Cells bearing pattern-recognition receptor molecules
C. Cells of the adaptive immune system
D. Molecules comprising the chemical barrier
(1 mark)

QUESTION 20

When a child encounters Streptococcus sp for the first time, he or she can respond with a
humoral immune response specific to that organism. Which of the following best describes
the situation?
A. The antigens of the organism instruct unformed antibodies to take shape complementary
to them.
B. The antigens of the organism stimulate the clonal expansion of preexisting B cells with
receptors specific to the antigens.
C. The organism is phagocytosed by macrophages and neutrophils.
D. The organism binds to pattern-recognition molecules on B cells.
(1 mark)

QUESTION 21

A child is scratched by a bat. Because of the risk of rabies, the child is immediately given
human rabies immune globulin. Examine which of the following is referred to the situation.
A. Passive immunization
B. Active immunization
C. Adaptive immunity
D. Innate immunity
(1 mark)

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QUESTION 22
Find the advantage of passive immunization from the following.
A. Cellular immunity
B. Faster effect
C. Long-lasting
D. More specific
(1 mark)

QUESTION 23

Find from the following that does not involve humoral immunity.
A. ADCC by NK cells.
B. Antibody neutralization of viruses.
C. Antibody secretion by plasma cells.
D. Classical complement activation.
(1 mark)

QUESTION 24

"Bind to the inner surfaces of blood vessels and set up a cell bound chemoattractant
gradient along blood vessel walls and directing leukocyte movement." Find the best answer
that is relevant to the statement.
A. Antibody
B. Complement
C. Chemokine
D. None of the above
(1 mark)

QUESTION 25

The cell surface proteins on T cell bind to B7 on the antigen-presenting cells and serve as a
secondary signal. Determine which of the following is true regarding the secondary signal.

A. CD28 is a protein that binds to B7 on APC that acts as costimulatory signals for T cell
activation
B. CTLA-4 is a protein that binds to B7 on APC that acts as a suppressor signal for T cell
activation
C. B o t h A & B
D. None of the above
(1 mark)

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QUESTION 26

Select which of the following is not the function of the T-cell receptor.

A. Antigen Recognition
B. Facilitate binding of co-receptor
C. Attract neutrophil mobilization
D. Induce signal transduction via a CD3 protein complex
(1 mark)

QUESTION 27

Select which of the following cell surfaces do not have Major Histocompatibility complex
molecules.
A. Red Blood Corpuscles
B. White blood cells
C. Helper T-cells
D. Killer T-cells
(1 mark)

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PARTC

QUESTION 1
Questions 1 is based on the diagram below.

a) Identify the major steps occur during influx of phagocytes in inflammation as labelled in
the diagram.
(6 marks)

b) Compare the types of immune cells involved, with the inflammation stages and different
kind of infections.
(4 marks)

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QUESTION 2

Based on the interaction of antigen and antibody shown as W, X, Y and Z, evaluate which
interaction forms antigen-antibody cross-linking. The answer must be YES to show cross-
linking or NO for no cross-linking formation.

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antigen

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antigen

w-
X-
Y-
Z-

(8 marks)

END OF QUESTION PAPER

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