BIRLA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCE, PILANI- HYDERABAD

CAMPUS
First Semester 2019-2020
Course No.: PHA F215 Course Title: Mol. Bio
Duration: 2.15 hrs Comprehensive exam Max. Marks: 60
Closed Book Date: 04/12/2019
Answer all the following questions. Write specific and precise answers.
1. Outline the function, cellular distribution and clinical significance associated with defects in
gene expression of the following proteins? [1x5=5M]
a. IL-1, b.IL-2, c.IL-4, d. IL-5, e. IgG
2. Answer the following with reference to T-Lymphocytes [2x2=4M]
a. The first postulate of the clonal selection hypothesis states that: “Each lymphocyte bears
a single type of receptor with a unique specificity”. Briefly describe the molecular
mechanisms that generate T lymphocytes
b. The second postulate known as clonal expansion states that: “On binding antigen the
lymphocyte is activated to divide and to produce many identical progeny”. Briefly
describe the mechanisms that regulate and restore the lymphocyte pool after clonal
expansion has occurred
3.Rahul is attacked by bacterial infection and his innate immune response has already been
activated? What do you think APC will do in this situation to tackle the infection? [2x2=4M]
4.Reena has still elevated levels of …………Abs even after the infection is over?
The doctor measures her level of …….. Ab which has ten binding sites. He also finds that…….Ab
has highest dissociation constant (It is an indicator of how tightly an antibody binds its target).
While walking back home from hospital, Reena was bitten by hives, the level of
these………….Ab are now increased. [1x4=4M]

5.A scientist introduces a mutagen into a mouse’s thymus, where T cells are made and this
results in misfolding of TCRs? What do you think will be the immune response if the mouse is
attacked by pathogen? [2x2=4M]
6.A 3-year-old previously healthy child presents to the emergency room with a painless lump on
her foot that, according to her mother, has been present for several weeks. She has not had fevers
and the lump is not red. A biopsy of the lump demonstrates fibrosis. What kind of cells will you
see in the report and why? [2x2=4M]
7.When T cell receives signal from APC. What is required for activation of naive T cells into
effector cells? [2x2=4M]
8.Complement component C3 is cleaved by  ……….. The membrane attack complex in complement
pathway consists of ……….. Complement component C3b ………. bacteria. A complement component
which is strongly chemotactic for neutrophils is…………..The initial complement component that is
bound by complement-fixing antibodies is………Several of the complement components are ……….
The major role of the complement system is to work in conjunction with………to…… [0.5x8=4M]
9.In the diagram to the right, label the three tRNA sites, codons
and anticodons, peptide and mRNA. List the sequence of
events that will occur when the in-coming tRNA sets into its
binding site. Redraw the diagram as it will appear immediately
after the next peptide bond is formed?
[1x5=5M]
10.The following diagram shows a fragment of transcribed DNA, and the upper strand is the template
strand:
5´ ATTGCC 3´
3´ TAACGG 5´
What will be the sequence of transcribed RNA? [3M]
11.Transcription termination in eukaryotes depends on which factors? [2x2=4M]
12. Fill in the following table
[1x10=10M]
a. Commonly used secondary antibody in western blotting
b. Single-stranded DNA that serves as the necessary starting material for the
synthesis of the new DNA strand in PCR
c. An enzyme needed for completion of lagging strand synthesis, but not
leading strand synthesis.
d. The synthesis of RNA using one strand of DNA as a template
e. DD is activated during which pathway of cell death
f. Which family of cytokines are involved in innate immune response
g. The DNA from a eukaryote formed by the enzyme reverse transcriptase; this
DNA lacks introns
h. Chemokines belong to which family of receptors
i. The major immunoglobulin present in saliva is
j. Technique mainly used to detect protein on the membrane

13.Suppose you have run a protein blotting experiment and observe the following results

[2.5x2=5M]

Caspase-8

β-actin

a. What is the reason for different protein expression in β-actin. Give two reasons?
b. What could you have done to avoid this problem?
BIRLA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCE, PILANI- HYDERABAD CAMPUS
First Semester 2019-2020
Course No.: PHA F215 Course Title: Mol. Bio
Duration: 45 min Comprehensive exam Max. Marks: 20
Open Book Date: 4/12/2019

Answer all the following questions. Write specific and precise answers.

1. If more than one band is observed in a western blot, what may be the reasons? [1x2=2M]

2. When APC presents antigen to T cells, what co-stimulation is required to fully activate T cells.
Justify your answer? [1.5x2=3M]
3. Fill in the following table [0.5x6=3M]
Serial no. SB NB WB
k. Molecule Detected
l. Gel Electrophoresis
m. Blotting method
n. Probes
o. Membrane
p. Hybridization

4. Humoral immunity is mediated by antibodies from…….. and is involved in the elimination

of……… pathogens. Cell mediated immunity is mediated by……..and is involved in the
elimination of………pathogens? [0.5x4=2M]
5. After an exam, you and a couple of friends spend a day in the sun on Beach. At the end
of the day, one of your friends complains of sunburn. His back is very red, swollen, warm
and painful to the touch. What must have caused the pain and why?
[1.5x2=3M]

6. Which glycoprotein serves as a co-receptor for the T cell receptor (TCR), and is also known as a
cytotoxic T cell? Justify your answer? [1x2=2M]
7. A cell is proceeding through the cell cycle. Explain at which cell cycle checkpoint is the cell
cycle halted if the cell's DNA is damaged? [1x2=2M]
8. Answer the following
[0.5x6=3M]
Serial no. Anaerobic Aerobic Both
Respiration respiration
a. Requires oxygen
b. Produces ATP (number)
c. Requires glucose
d. Partially breaks down glucose
e. Uses sulfates/nitrates as
electron acceptor in the ETC
 f. Occurs in the mitochondria

BIRLA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCE, PILANI- HYDERABAD

CAMPUS
First Semester 2019-2020
Course No.: PHA F215 Course Title: Mol. Bio
Duration: 1.5hrs Midterm Test Max. Marks: 40
Closed Book Date: 30/09/2019

Answer all the following questions. Write specific and precise answers.
1. According to the center for disease control and NIH, what are the different levels of
biosafety and their use? [4M]
For the following signaling molecules, what is the downstream effect of
upregulation? [4M]

a. IP3
b. DAG
c. cAMP
d. Akt
2. You incubate isolated intact mitochondria in a buffered solution containing succinate
and ADP plus Pi. Upon adding cyanide, you examine the effect on oxygen
consumption and the production of ATP. What do you predict? [3M]

3. Based on cellular respiration, answer the following? [5M]

a. Which part of cellular respiration uses 2 ATP and produces 4 ATP per glucose
molecule? Where does this set of reactions occur in the cell?
b. Which part of cellular respiration produces the most ATP?
c. Which part of cellular respiration produces the most NADH? How many?
d. What molecules are needed to produce ATP by oxidative phosphorylation?
e. In a living organism, what happens to ATP production when there is no
oxygen available?
4. When performing WB, Why we need to separate proteins according to molecular
weight first? Why not just add antibody with detector to bind to the protein? [3M]
5. You have been familiar with the procedure of WB, What exactly is the function of the
blocking buffer in this procedure? [3M]

6. Name two qualities that of PVDF membrane that make it ideal for WB? [3M]

P.T.O

7. A murder has occurred right Hyderabad. As top-notch Pharmacy student BITS, you
have been asked to assist in the investigation of this most unfortunate incident. An
autopsy was performed on the victim has revealed that the victim ate just prior to the
time of death. Upon questioning the victim’s friends and family, detectives working
the case have learned that the victim enjoyed eating at the following places. [3M]
a. Dominos Pizza- The victim would typically order a pizza with sausage,
pepperoni, and bacon. What macromolecules would you expect to find in the
stomach contents of the victim if the victims final “pie” was eaten here?
b. Buffalo Wings -The victim would hang out here to watch sporting events
while feasting on Blazin’ wings and celery. What macromolecules would you
expect to find in the stomach contents of the victim if the victims final meal
was eaten here?
c. Avanti’s Restaruant- The victim loved to go here for a night of bread, olive
oil, and pasta. What macromolecules would you expect to find in the stomach
contents of the victim if the victims final meal was eaten here?

8. With respect to IHC, answer the following? [4M]

a. What blocking agent is used?
b. Fixative used?
c. Embedding method?
d. Visulaization method?

9. You perform IP for some samples. Name two advantages associated with this
technique? [3M]

10. Match the following [5M]

1.Bcl2 Initiates crosstalk with Intrinsic pathway

2. Cyclin Proapoptotic
3. Caspase-8 Antiapoptotic
4. P53 phosphorylates target proteins
5. Bax Tumor protein