1.

Statistic on scarcity of water

a. 1.8 billion of population without access to safe drinking water
2. SDG no. 6 (Clean water and sanitation)
a. Target, to half the proportion of people who did not have the access to safe
drinking water and those without adequate sanitation
b. 76 to 91 percent of population accessed to safe drinking water
c. Etc…
d. Target, Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation
for all and half the proportion of untreated wastewater by 2030.
e. How do you define access to water?
i. Sustainable and water should be there 24/7
f. Define sanitation?
i. Clean water and environment
3. Philippine’s Water and Sanitation
a. Rural areas have limited access to both water and sanitation.
b. Water, Sanitation and Wastewater Management in Urban Areas
i. In our area, wastewater (blackwater) is collected by Septic Tanks. Each
houses have one septic tanks. Septic Tank designs are usually bottomless.
ii. Water supply comes from Leyte Metropolitan Water District in Leyte. It
Supplies most of the municipalities in Leyte.
iii. Inconsistent water supply
iv. Wastewater is centralized
c. Water, Sanitation and Wastewater sanitation in Rural Areas
i. Inconsistent water supply
ii. Contaminated by sewage discharges
iii. Seawater Intrusion
iv. Pumping cost
v. Impacts of Climate Changes
vi. Septic Tanks poorly maintained
vii. Contaminates groundwater source
viii. Practice Open Defecation
4. Classification of water bodies
i. Surface Water
ii. Marine Water
a. Water bodies classification (DENR Memorandum Circular No. 2007-10) in
DAO No. 34 Series of 1990
a. Surface waters are classified as A, B and C for fresh water and SA, SB
and SC for Saltwater. See DAO No. 34 Series of 2019 for the
classification
b. DAO 2016-08 Water Quality Guidelines and General Effluent Standards of
2016 was already UPDATED TO DAO 2021-19
c. Question: Does classification of each major rivers lakes and saltwater bodies
change if its water quality deteriorates or enhances? Do they have a
scheduled water quality check for every lake, river, and other saltwater
 bodies? What are the actions taken by the government to enhance the water
quality of the said water bodies?

Why does our water bodies in the Philippines does not conform to the water
quality standards set by DAO 2016-08?
“The classification is based on the number of pollutants that can be disposed
to the lake or river” – this is so stupid.
5. Sources of pollution
a. Point Sources
- Pollutants discharged into receiving waters at identifiable single-
or multiple-point locations
- These sources are regulated, their control is mandated, and
permit is required for discharged.
ii. Wastewater from factories, houses, hotels, seepage from septic tanks,
domestic and industrial discharges, spills
b. Non-Point Sources
i. Agricultural, livestock, and urban runoff, landfills, and other recreational
activities (Roads, carparks, farmlands, etc…)
ii. Pollutants in Large area and are harder to control.