APPLICATION OF REMOTE SENSING TECHNIQUES: EFFECTS OF

URBANIZATION TO THE SUGAR CANE FIELDS IN ORMOC CITY, LEYTE

---------------------------------------------------------------
In Partial of Fulfillment
Of the Requirements in
GEng153
Photo Interpretation and Remote Sensing
-----------------------------------------------------------------

Submitted to:
Engr. Diana Christa G. Milloza

Submitted by:
Kristel Anne A. Oppus, BSGE-5
 CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

The sugar industry is important because it is responsible for supplying the world with sugar
and sugar in itself is an important part of the human diet. The world produces 170 million
metric tons of sugar every year. For the crop year 2014-2015, the Philippines produced a
total of 2,323,817 metric tons of raw sugar that came from 416,893 hectares of sugarcane.

Sugar cane or Saccharumofficinarum has been cultivated in tropical climates in South Asia
and Southeast Asia since ancient times. It is a tall, perennial grass that forms lateral shoots
at the base to produce multiple stems, typically three to four meters high and about five
centimeters in diameter. Pure cane sugar is non-GMO or not a genetically modified
organism. Traditional cane refining demands two processes at two different facilities.

The subject location of the study is in the City of Ormoc, geographically located in 11°01′
North, 124°37′ East of Leyte, Eastern Visayas Region. Ormoc City is an independent
component city, not subject to regulation from the Provincial Government of Leyte. Ormoc
City's economic base is a mix of agriculture, aquaculture, industry, tourism, and commercial
services. Sugar cane, rice and pineapple are the major agricultural production.

Statement of the Problem

Due to the demand rate of sugar, sugar cane farmers need to keep on track on the sugar
cane fields in order to sustain the daily needs of the people. Sugarcane is a semiperennial
crop; after each growth cycle, typically lasting from only nine months to more than twelve
months in some places, and sugar cane growth season in the Philippines is varying from
only nine months to more than 12 months. New ratoons emerge from the same root system.
Since the yield decreases over time, the plants and the root system are generally removed
after five to seven years, and new shoots are planted.

Also, due to wide land use conversion in Ormoc City, sugar cane fields are being converted
to residential, agri-industrial, industrial, commercial-residential and more, thus, sugar cane
farmers are having a hard time in loacating areas which are to be planted by sugar cane to
sustain the needs of every individual.
Objectives of the Study
The study aims to provide the use of remote sensing data and techniques to identify and
monitor the production of sugar cane in Ormoc City, Leyte. Also aims to:

 Determine the area extent of sugarcane fields within Ormoc City.

 Determine the amount of change of sugarcane fields regarding the effect of
urbanization.

Research Questions
The result of the study should answer the following questions:
1. How is remote sensing applied to the sugar cane fields in Ormoc City?
2. What are the best ways to attain in order to produce more tons of sugar canes in the
area?
3. Which are the converted fields that are already turned to other land use.
4. Where are the areas being affected by wide urbanization in the city?

Scope and Limitations of the Study

The following are the scope and limitations of the study:
I. The study is limited only in using the remote sensing techniques thru identifying and
monitoring the sugar cane fields in Ormoc City, Leyte.
II. The study shall not include soil sampling and soil analysis pertaining to the health of
the sugar cane.
III. The study shall not include different varieties of sugar cane at the area.
IV. The study shall focus only for a 4-year-interval investigation of such sugar cane fields
of the said area.
V. The study shall not include any matter that could affect any involved parties.
 CHAPTER 2:
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK AND REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
The chapter contains the theoretical framework of the study and the review of related
literature.
EFFECTS OF URBANIZATION TO SUGAR CANE PRODUCTION AND
YIELD ESTIMATION IN ORMOC CITY, LEYTE THROUGH THE USE OF
REMOTE SENSING

SITE OBSERVATION GATHERING OF INFORMATION

Confirming the converted areas Thru interview from the LGU, local
intended for sugar cane fields sugar cane farmers, and millers

REMOTE SENSED DATA ANALYSIS

A MAP

i. showing the fields that are being converted into

other use and,
ii. showing the fields ready to be planted and
harvested
Review of Related Literature
Crop Assessment and Monitoring for Sugar Cane Crop, Sudan, (New Halfa Case
Study) Using Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques
There is shortage of information about sugar cane crop in Sudan; therefore, it is necessary
to adopt a new technology for carrying out inventory or estimation of this crop-space
technology (Remote Sensing, GIS, and GPS) can offer an invaluable assistance in this
regard. In this research, space technologies were applied for sugar cane crop estimation in
New Halfa sugar cane scheme.IRS5m resolution image was used for this purpose. Two
areas were selected as the study area (area three and area six). Two sets of image were
used (October, 2006 and December, 2007). The Supervised classification technique was
adapted for the study. The results showed clear variations between the sugar cane fields. To
continue close monitoring of the sugar cane yield, satellite images captured at different dates
during the growing period of sugar cane should be available. The research results revealed
the importance of integrating RS and GIS as effective tools for the assessment, detection,
monitoring and mapping of the various features on the earth's surface such as land
degradation. Moreover, RS & GIS assist in the study of vegetation cover. Etc. This leads to
saving effort, time and cost. (Abbass, H, M*, El_Hag, A. M. H**)

Farmers’ Goals and Efficiency in the Production of Sugar Cane: The Philippine Case

This research evaluated the link between Philippine Sugar cane farmersJg oals, values and
attitudes (and some selected efficiency-related variables) with production efficiency.

The analysis was based on both information from informal interviews and formal primary
data collection. The Data Envelopment Analysis technique was used to determine the
relative efficiencies of individual farmers and to identify the major factors that influence the
efficiency of production. Pure technical, scale, overall technical, allocative and economic
efficiency measures were derived for the sample of sugar cane farmers from the Central
Negros area, The Philippines. Under the specification of variable returns to scale (VRS), the
mean pure technical, scale, overall technical, allocative and economic efficiency indices
were 0.7580, 0.9884, 0.7298, 0.7941 and 0.6025, respectively.

The farmers' characteristics and their associations with goals and attitudes were determined.
The result shows that 'per cent of land owned' is correlated with farmers' decision-making
and thus their production efficiency. (M. Dina Padilla-Fernandez and Peter Nuthall)
 Sugarcane Production Monitoring and Farmer Assistance System for Sugarcane
Regulatory Administration

The sugar industry is important because it is responsible for supplying the world with sugar
and sugar in itself is an important part of the human diet. The world produces 170 million
metric tons of sugar every year. For the crop year 2014-2015, the Philippines produced a
total of 2,323,817 metric tons of raw sugar that came from 416,893 hectares of sugarcane.
In the same crop year, 1,076,382 metric tons of sugar were produced (Nace, 2015). The
Sugarcane Regulatory Administration (SRA) is the agency that regulates the flow of sugar
industry in the Philippines. Based on the data gathered, SRA had difficulty in providing
appropriate programs and recommendations to farmers to help increase the production in
order to meet the demand due to tedious data gathering. It would be easier if there is a
visual presentation of the vast amount of farmer data and a tool for the farmers and MDO
that allows constant communication with SRA. This paper is about sugarcane production
monitoring and farmer assistance system for SRA. The main objective of this study is to
assist the board member and mill district officers (MDO) in deciding and providing
recommendations to the farmers in an efficient manner. It also aims to help the board of
directors decide what programs to provide for the farmers based on the problems that
farmers are encountering. The methodology used in this study was Agile which is very
flexible where adaptive planning as well as continuous improvement happens. Overall, the
users of the system found the proposed system to be very valuable and effective. The MDO
would like to have the system implemented at least in his district because it would make his
work easier and he could focus on research and helping the farmers.

CHAPTER 3:
METHODOLOGY AND PROCEDURES

Data and Software Used

The study shall use Environment for Visualizing Images (ENVI) software for the
analysis and, data observation and gathering of results from the remote sensed data.
Specifically, a Landsat 8 image and any up-to-date satellite data that will be clearly to see
the Sugar cane fields in Ormoc City, Leyte shall be used.

Procedures:

1. Preparation
 The student shall be prepared and well-informed as well as well-equipped about the
whole conduct of the study. Concepts and proper procedures must be followed
throughout the study.
2. Investigation
The location of the study shall be investigated and examined, research first about the
location in order to be ready before going to the site. Organized necessary checklist
and interview questionnaires.
3. Acquire a Landsat image and any available up-to-date remote sensed data
about the location
The student shall also acquire data and any available up-to-date satellite images
from the bureau and collaborate in the conduct of the study.
4. Site observation and gathering of information
Visit the site location and take photographs for further facts after all the preparations
and after studying the site from the acquired satellite data. Gather all the information
necessary for the conduct of the whole study and every detail that will provide the
answer to the research questions. Also, may ask help to the LGU official about the
assessment around in their locality.
5. Analysis of data and Obtaining results
When all the necessary data is gathered, all will be studied and analyzed with the
help of Environment for Visualizing Images (ENVI) software. The student shall have
answered all the questions and obtain required area for coastal erosion.
6. Final Output
The conduct of this study will result to a map showing the fields that are being
converted into other use and showing the fields ready to be planted and harvested in
Ormoc City, Leyte.

CHAPTER 4:
REFERENCES CITED
Abate, G. (19 95) Production Efficiency Analysis: The Case of Smallholder Farming in the
Coffee Sector of Ethiopia and Kenya, Farming Systems and Resource Economics in the
Tropic, Wissenschaftsverlag Vauk Kiel KG.
Jadhav,B.D,(2014). Hyperspectral remote sensing for agricultural management. International
journal of computer application
Mendoza TC. 1993. Assessment of Sugar Yield Trends in the Philippines and their
Implications. Philippine Agriculturist 76(2): 133-145
http://www.sra.gov.ph/wpcontent/uploads/downloads/2016/09/Raw-SugarProduction-by-
Month-Area-Planted-Yield-perHectare.pdf