University of Northeastern Philippines

Iriga City
SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES
Education 200, Modern Trends and issues
2nd Semester 2020-2021
Name: SHEILA O. HITOSIS Teacher: ELLEN C. PRAXIDES, EdD

Final Examination

1. Why is the conduct of Brigada Eskwela important?

Brigada eskwela is a big help to every schools. It saves resources on the part of the school; it
builds cooperation to all stakeholders. The cleanliness of the facilities and the school becomes
safe and ready for the beginning of the school year.

2. How do you relate the "No Collection Policy" with EFA?

No collection Policy is related with EFA (Education For All), because this constitutional mandate
provides free education to any level. And this mandate has a serious need to remove hindrances
to the enrolment of the learners which is No fees should be collected to them.

3. Do you agree on the rationale of Inclusive Education? Why? Why not?

Yes. Inclusive education provides a learning environment where children with and without
disabilities are taught together, as equal. This education accepts all children regardless of race,
ability/disability, color etc. Students will develop their socialization and allows them to learn
communication skills and interaction from each other.

4. How can the following programs/ issues improve instruction or the implementation of the
curriculum in general:

a. Schools as centers for transformation;

The program of DEPED - Schools as centers for transformation improves instruction because
it promotes the school system to start the changes in education for better.

b. Values Transformation; and

The program of DEPED – Values Transformation will improve the curriculum because this
program will instil moral standards to our students and thus will create them as a civil and
good citizen of our country.

c. Sports Development.
The program of DEPED- Sports development will improve the instruction of education
because it will develop and encourage our students in developing a healthy body and mind.
Aside from that values like leadership, teamwork, camaraderie and disciple too.

5. How does the alleged corruption in education affect quality education? How can be minimized?

Corruption affects quality education because it may be a cause of loss of funds. Aside from that
corruption through bribery and nepotism in teaching appointments and bidding in procurement
of supplies will definitely compromise the social trust of stakeholders and worst worsens the
unfairness and sabotages in the schools.
 University of Northeastern Philippines
Iriga City
SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES
Education 200, Modern Trends and issues
2nd Semester 2020-2021

Name: SHEILA O. HITOSIS Teacher: ELLEN C. PRAXIDES, EdD

COURSE REQUIREMENT

REACTION PAPER #1

TOPIC: Corruption in Education

Education is a basic human right and a way for everybody’s personal and social
development. It is also the driver of development. However, in schools where corruption is
existing, of course there is a great risk in educational system.

Corruption can also be an abuse of entrusted power for personal’s gain contributes to poor
education. This includes cheating and other academic violations, bribery, nepotism, favoritism in
school admission and teacher appointments.

Why corruption happens in an institution? In the education sector? The size of the sector
makes it susceptible to corruption, given the large sums of money allocated to it and the difficulty
of supervision, inspection, and monitoring. Furthermore, education is a high-stakes endeavor,
valued by both governments and parents, who recognize that education outcomes determine the
futures of individuals and the nation. This creates reasons for providers of education services to
demand bribes, and for parents and other users of the system to pay up in order not to miss
opportunities.

Corruption in education also occurs at the political, administrative and classroom levels. It
takes various forms. However, it is important to remember that corruption in the sector is a
symptom of underlying problems. Often there are features of the education system and of a
country’s political economy that create reasons for corruption. For instance, high unemployment
rates combined with unclear hiring and firing guidelines create an environment in which favoritism
in recruitment can flourish. Similarly, poor education facilities, combined with highly competitive
single (as opposed to continuous) assessment systems, create reasons for families to purchase
private tutoring, which may give rise to opportunities for corrupt gain. In such instances, reforms
must address the underlying reasons for corruption to be successful.

How will it be managed? Once it is assessed, people and systems mapped, and reasons
identified, appropriate interventions can be designed and implemented. Anti-corruption
interventions can be categorized in different ways. One way is to distinguish between
interventions that promote transparency and those that promote accountability. Another way is
to classify interventions based on whether they play a role in the prevention, detection, or
sanctioning of corruption. However, some strategies can enhance both transparency and
accountability, and some can be used to both prevent and detect corruption, leading to sanctions.

Corruption can be lessened and prevented if there is enough funding and proper way of
processing transparency. And above all, prioritizing the need of our learners and the school should
be the mind set of all the people working in the education sector. In these ways, the assurance
that education will not be threatened.

University of Northeastern Philippines

Iriga City
SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES
Education 200, Modern Trends and issues
2nd Semester 2020-2021

Name: SHEILA O. HITOSIS Teacher: ELLEN C. PRAXIDES, EdD

COURSE REQUIREMENT

REACTION PAPER #2

TOPIC: Bureaucracy in Education

Bureaucracy typically refers to an organization that is complex with multilayered systems

and processes. These systems and procedures are designed to maintain uniformity and control
within an organization. It is originated in the French language: it combines the French
word bureau – desk or office – with the Greek word κράτος (kratos) – rule or political power.

The bureaucratic management theory was introduced by Max Weber. The German
sociologist Max Weber (1864-1920) argued that bureaucracy constitutes the most efficient and
rational way in which human activity can be organized and that systematic processes and
organized hierarchies are necessary to maintain order, to maximize efficiency, and to eliminate
favoritism. He stated that to manage an organization efficiently, it is essential to have a clear line
of authority along with proper rules, procedures, and regulations for controlling each business
operation.

The Department of Education is the biggest bureaucracy in Philippine government. It has

number of combined positions such as teaching, non-teaching, technical, administrative, and
management & supervisory. The Department manages the highest budget allocation among all
the government line agencies. Consistent with the provisions of the Constitution, the education
sector continues to receive the largest portion of the national budget of the country.

Is bureaucracy in Philippine education effective as to its characteristic and advantages? Is

the education bureaucracy dysfunctional?

The school as a bureaucracy in education should functions and operate properly up to the
top level, the office of the secretary. The major benefit of a well-functioning bureaucracy is greater
efficiency: A clear division of labor and an established hierarchy help the organization perform as
one. If stick to the established rules and procedures, and that the rules and procedures remain
relevant, bureaucracy is such a good system. But senseless bureaucracy can cause major problems
for any organization.

Bureaucracy in education can cause corruption, red tape, delays, loads of paperwork,
nepotism, and compartmentalization etc.

It should be clear that bureaucratic problems are hard to correct. The department of
education make the hard policy choices and set the clear priorities necessary to eliminate conflict.
Government exists partly to achieve the kind of vague goals that resist clear cost-benefit analysis;
eliminating red tape might make coordination more difficult. Although there’s disadvantage of
"the bureaucracy" in general, it is still in the hands of the people involved whether they would
take advantage or not in the function of bureaucracy.

University of Northeastern Philippines

Iriga City
SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES
Education 204, Supervision of Instruction
2nd semester 2020-2021

Name: SHEILA O. HITOSIS Teacher: ELLEN C. PRAXIDES, EdD

Final Examination

1. Why should you be tactful in dealing with negative feedback?

Negative feedback should be given in a nice way so that your intention can turn out
positively for someone. This will bring as encouragement and help someone to reach his/her
full potential. This will also not bring stress and disaster in someone’s feeling if they are
corrected.

2. As a school head, how and why should you give priority to beginning teachers in your
supervision of instruction?

Beginning teachers need the most of the school heads supervision. The supervision will
provide great importance to teachers to improve teaching & learning process which basically
needs our learners. With this way, the school head will analyse the teacher’s performance
and therefore provide meaningful feedback and direction to them.

3. One of the skills that a school head should develop is communication skill. Why?

It is essential to allow the school head and the teachers to understand the information more
accurately and quickly. And will prevent misunderstanding and frustration to the school.
Good communication skills of a school head will definitely motivate his/her subordinates

4. Differentiate the purposes of formative from summative evaluation of learning.

Formative evaluation helps students to learn and practice. It is throughout the unit. It is done
to detect gaps and improve learning through approaches that support specific student needs.

Summative evaluation helps assess student performance. It is at the end of unit/quarter. It is

done to collect evidence of student knowledge, skill and proficiency through summative
assessments.

5. Explain the importance of evaluating teachers' performance.

Evaluation of teacher’s performance is done to improve the teaching skills of a teacher. It is

also a way to recognize and support the excellent performance of a teacher. It also helps
teachers to focus on student’s outcome and plan strategies to have an effective teaching-
learning process.

6. Explain the rationale of a balanced supervisory program.

School head as supervisor should not only play the administrative roles in the school but also in
the instruction of teachers. They should give technical assistance too. It is for me a balanced
supervisory program.

7. Illustrate and discuss briefly the cycle of clinical supervision.

The five steps

1. supervision of pre-conference or pre observation- teacher & mentee talk about the purpose
of the lesson, strategies to use
2. observation of classroom teaching- mentor teacher will observe the new teacher teaching
the lesson
3. analysis of feedback strategy- process of looking at instructional data, such as assessments or
observations, to discover patterns that can be addressed by refining the teaching strategy
4. post-conference analysis- presentation of the data and understanding the areas need to
address
5. reflection-reflecting on data presented

8. Prepare an action plan for a training considering the activities during Pre-training; Actual
Training; and Post-training

(See next pages please)

University of Northeastern Philippines
Iriga City
SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES
Education 204
Supervision of Instruction
2nd semester 2020-2021

Course Requirement

Final Examination

SHEILA O. HITOSIS
Student

ELLEN C. PRAXIDES, EdD

Professor