Department of computer science and IT

Field practies report on Networking

Gorup members Id No

Gizachew MULIE………………………………………0503199

Fireawet Mulubrhan……………………………………0503186

Kegnalem Eshetie………………………………………0503240

Submitted to AMIT computer science &IT department

Submition date 03/03/2007 E.C

Table of Contents

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Acknowledgments.......................................................................................................................................2
Abstract.......................................................................................................................................................3
Introduction.................................................................................................................................................4
Objective of the report.................................................................................................................................5
General Objective:.......................................................................................................................................5
Specific Objective........................................................................................................................................5
Scope of report............................................................................................................................................5
Schedule feasibility.....................................................................................................................................6
Fact finding technique.................................................................................................................................6
Practical observation...................................................................................................................................6
Interview.....................................................................................................................................................6
Document Analysis......................................................................................................................................7
Material used...............................................................................................................................................7
Rack............................................................................................................................................................8
Cable arrangement.......................................................................................................................................8
How to Crimp Rj45.....................................................................................................................................9
Statement of the Problem..........................................................................................................................13
Solutions for the above problem................................................................................................................13
Conclusion.................................................................................................................................................14
Recommendations.....................................................................................................................................15
References.................................................................................................................................................15

Acknowledgments
First of all we want to thanks Bahir Dar university ICT center director who give important
advices regarding our observation in networking areas and attach us with his ICT center
employees. We would like to express our deepest appreciation to hardware and software
maintenances of the company, web developer and Bahir Dar university network administrator
Who never failed to guide us in each visited Institutes and sharing of valuable information.

Secondly also we want to thanks great Bahir Dar university computer science and information
technology head Ato Zemenu who attach us with ICT center director and allow different
resources.

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And all of Bahir Dar university ICT family sharing their knowledge regarding networking
environment.

Abstract
The purpose of this internship report is briefly described what is networking in working
environment, especially when we stayed in Bahir Dar University. We tried to find out what is the
relationship between our theoretical knowledge and real world practical working system in the
environment.

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We have been observing practical implementation of LAN system and different material used in
the system and cable management. Also detail information on net working work like crimping,
punching installation formatting ... etc. We have an opportunity to visit which needed full
network installation and configuration. Finally we have observed some defects which needed to
be resolved, including time management and punctuality in work place.

Introduction
Bahir Dar University is one of the universities from Ethiopia Universities which is found in
SNNPR. Bahir Dar University have their ICT center works on networking and controls all the
system in the university, giving services on Networking.

Network is sharing resources in two or more computers. Two or more computers share
resources and communicate to each other; at that time we say there is network. Extends its scope
of business in network infrastructure solutions in line with the technological advancement and by
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studying the need of the market. Some of the services provided are Site survey and design
network infrastructure, Implementation of wired LAN and also gives technical support for
various organizations. Some of the maintenance and support services that provides are Software
installation and upgrading, Network technical support

In our practical attachment, we are able to perceive significant experience such us different
Network device with their usage, cable and trunking management, identifying each node
crimping punching and other important thing like cable test and documentation. The arrangement
of cables in both straight through and cross over and testing it by using tester. The patch panel or
switches with port 48 and 24 is more effective to network connection. In Bahir Dar university
ITC center we can observe some problems and also get solutions.

Objective of the report

General Objective:

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The main objective of this intern ship is to organize a proper infrastructure of networking and
how crimp, punch, trunk and also cable arrangement and testing. Solving problems regarding to
networking.

Arranging cable in both straight though and cross over ways.

Specific Objective

The specific objective of this intern ship is to get detail knowledge practically on the networking.
Developing networking system of each institution Site survey and design network infrastructure
and design and implementation of structural cabling (cable punching, labeling and testing) and to
improve our communication skills when we are meet different customers in the business world
easily and effectively through network connection.

Scope of report
Our internship report intends to Implementation of wired LAN and switch configuration for each
station. Punching and installation of network cables properly using international standards
providing documentation of existing and newly developing system, arranging network in each
block and room, labeling nodes and tasting cables. In general, it focuses on using a proper cable
management technique and a wise use of network resources.

During in our field practice we have an opportunity to visit and participating in networking
project of three institutions. We tried to find out what is the relationship between our theoretical
knowledge and real world of working environment. We had been working on crimping,
punching, of labeling of networks in different research blocks and new installation of network
we have seen little configuration of switch in layer 2.

Practical observation (site)

Bahir Dar university main campus

Bahir Dar university ICT center

Bahir Dar University Agriculture campus

Schedule feasibility
We followed this time table during our filed practice.

Activities (Tasks) Time Schedule

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 July August
1 Introduction to networking. 8/11/06

2 Documentation, design and drawing 20/11/06 - 22/11/06

3 Labeling node, Tasting and scan 23/11/06 - 28/11/06
cable.
4 Documentation and design 04/12/06 - 08/12/06
5 Cable management and punching 13/12/05 - 16/12/06
6 Arranging cable and contact with 20/12/06 - 30/12/06
server
(cable tasting)

Fact finding technique

Practical observation

Using this technique we have observed really what the situation is look like. We have
participating in Bahir Dar agriculture campus new block cable arrangements. Also we get more
knowledge practical how to crimp, punch, and we have practical implement our theoretical
knowledge.

Interview

To obtain the necessary information, we had been interviewing Bahr Dar University ICT center
network administer. Project leader of install windows server and Network problem solver ato
Nadew and web developer of Hawassa University ICT center ato Alemu.

Document Analysis

We have read different statistical records from the organization statistical offices. We have tried
to refer several projects which are related to our practical observation.

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 Material used
Patch Panel: We used Patch Panel port 48 to effective cable management in IICT center and it
can plugs and removable cabling it is categorized in different port but we used Patch Panel
port48 and port 24.

On the back of the panel we punch down blocks that receive the connections of longer and more
permanent cables. On the front side of a patch panel there are jacks designed to receive patch
cord.
Patch cord: a patch cord (sometimes called a patch cable) is a length of cable with connectors
on the ends that is used to connect an end device to something else, such as a power source. One
of the most common uses is connecting a laptop, desktop or other end device to a wall outlet.
A patch cord may also be used to connect a switch port or a server to the structured cabling
system. Although the new standards do not recommend doing so, sometimes a patch cord is used
to connect a server directly to a switch port.

Rack
Rack is a metal frame used to hold various components can be attached vertically, stacked on top
of one another. Hardware devices such as servers, hard disk drives, modems and other electronic
equipment. Some may refer to a rack as "LAN or network furniture" as resembles shelving

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structure where components can be attached vertically, stacked on top of one another.
We can show it by figure in the below.

Rack

Cable arrangement
Cable arrangement is the process of ordering the cable in their colors. We can arrange the cable
by using straight through. We use RJ45 cable connector. RJ-45 connectors are normally used in
network cables
1) Use Cat5 cable.(the cable contain 8 slim cables with 8 different colors)
2) Use RJ45 Plug (both side of cable must do the same way)
3) Colors of cables arrangement are as below.

Straight through
a) White orange
b) Orange
c) White Green
d) Blue
e) White Blue

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 f) Green
g) White Brown
h) Brown

4) Grab the Crimp tool to crimp the cable which is already insert into RJ45 plug

How to Crimp Rj45

As we have seen in our internship, how to crimp RJ45 connectors to cable.

Below are instructions for crimping RJ-45 connectors to a cable.

1. Purchase your cable and your RJ-45 connectors. Most Ethernet cable is sold on spools of
varying lengths, so you might have to measure and cut the amount you need when you get home.

2. Strip 1 to 2 inches (2.5 to 5.1 cm) of the outer skin at the end of the cable wire by making a
shallow cut in the skin with a utility knife. Run the knife around the cable, and the jacket should

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slide off easily. There will be 4 pairs of twisted wires exposed, each of them a different color or
color combination.

 Orange-white striped and solid orange

 Green-white striped and solid green.
 Blue-white striped and solid blue
 Brown-white striped and solid brow

3. Fold each pair of wires backwards to expose the core of the cable.

4. Cut off the core and discard.

5. Straighten the twisted wires using 2 pair of tweezers. Grasp a wire beneath a bend with 1 pair
of tweezers, and use the other pair to gently straighten the bend. The straighter your wires, the
easier your job will be.

6. Arrange the untwisted wires in a row, placing them into the position, running from right to
left, in which they will go into the RJ-45 connector.

7. Trim the untwisted wires to a suitable length by holding the RJ-45 connector next to the wires.
The insulation on the cable should be just inside the bottom of the RJ-45 connector. The wires
should be trimmed so that they line up evenly with the top of the RJ-45 connector.

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Trim the wires in small increments, checking frequently to ensure a correct fit. It's better to cut
the untwisted wires a few times than have to go back and start all over again because you
trimmed off too much.

8. Insert the wires into the RJ-45 connector, making sure that they stay aligned and each color
goes into its appropriate channel. Make sure that each wire goes all the way to the top of the RJ-
45 connector. If you don't make these checks, you will find that your newly crimped RJ-45
connector is useless.

9. Use the crimping tool to crimp the RJ-45 connector to the cable by pressing the jacket and
cable into the connector so that the wedge at the bottom of the connector is pressed into the
jacket. Recrimp the cable once more to ensure proper connection.

10. Follow the instructions above to crimp an RJ-45 connector to the opposite end of the cable

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11. Use a cable tester to assure that your cable is working properly when both ends are crimped.

Face plate is generally used in new installations where concealed cabling is possible. The
faceplate is fixed on a wall and the keystone jack is fixed in the hole so that the RJ45 modular
jack of the keystone jack is exposed outside and the patch cord (from the computer) can be
attached to it. At the other side (inside the wall) lies the inner part of the keystone jack that
connects to the longer network cable.

Statement of the Problem

During this internship stay time we have seen the main problem such as

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  Lack of ICT center workers (man power)
 Lack of networking materials this brought us to never do the configuration part
properly.
 Poor team composition between employees
 Quite tedious and time consuming.

Solutions for the above problem

We are found some solution as results to observe that this company can’t accomplish some work
in the right time according to organized schedule.
 When we told to them as they have a lack of man power, they accept and believe as a
minimum two employees required.
 They bought some materials like new cable, crimper, RJ-45 connector...
 They become good strength team composition to work together.
 We become to minimize time consuming and use properly.

Conclusion
Network is sharing resources in two or more computers. Two or more computers share
resources and communicate to each other; at that time we say there is network.
We used patch panel port 48 and port 28 to effective cable management and plugs and removal

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cabling. In our practice one of the most common uses is connecting desktop to a wall outlet.
Although the new standards do not recommend doing so, sometimes a patch cord is used to
connect a server directly to a switch port.

We test the cable in a network segment that is known to work. Because small mistakes can
cause erratic or non-functional cable operation, it may take a few practices tries to get it right.
The most common problem is lack of contact between the pins in the RJ-45 plug and the wires,
particularly if the wires have not been pushed in far enough. If your connection is poor, simply
snip off the RJ-45 plug and try the assembly procedure again.

If you want to get fancier and arguably more reliable cables, you can also add strain relief boots
to your supplies, as well as a handheld cable tester.

Recommendations
We would like to recommend that the Gondar university ICT center should improve facility
to accomplish the work. We also believe that some Improvement of the project will
prove extremely useful for them work. We are able to perceive significant experience such
as different Network device with their usage, cable and trucking management, identifying each
node and the last important thing is documentation.

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 References
Computer network 3rd edition by Andrew Tanenbaum
www.computer networks 6th edition

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