1.

1 System Concept

Tutorial 1 – 2 (1.1 System Concept)

SECTION A

1. Explain four (4) operations involved in information processing cycle (IPC).

Operations Explanation
Input Computer accepts data or instruction entered by user.
Data may be entered or captured electronically for processing by
using various input devices such as computer keyboard, bar code
readers, scanners, or output from another system.
Process Computer performs operations on the data to produce
information.
The operations performed on data may involve arithmetic,
comparison or logical operations which are usually done by CPU
(Central Processing Unit) in a computer.
Output Computer presents or deliver the results of data processing to
user.
The results or output may be presented in many forms such as
printed or displayed information, in the form of audio as well as
video, and even in the form of movement.
Storage Computer saves data, programs, or output for future use.
Storage can be done on hard disk, pen drives, compact discs or
other storage media.

2. Identify the steps of information processing cycle which is related to the following
components:
Components Step of information processing cycle
Microphone Input
Speakers Output
ALU Process
Optical Disc Storage
Fingerprint reader Input
Earphone Output
Keyboard Input
Scanner Input
Display Devices Output
Solid State Drive Storage
Hard Disk Drive Storage

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1.1 System Concept

Control Unit Process

Random Access Memory (RAM) Storage

3. There are four operations involved in information processing lifecycle. Identify and
state the operation of information processing cycle based on the given description.
Description Operation
The information which has been processed is produced in Output
a usable form by people.
The data is being manipulated or transformed into Process
information.
The process to keep data, information, and programs in Storage
computer-processed form.
The data which is entered or captured electronically for Input
processing.

SECTION B

1. FIGURE 1 shows a transaction made at a sport outlet, Sport Planet Warehouse.

Identify the suitable element for the input, process, output, and storage.

FIGURE 1

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1.1 System Concept

Operations Element
Input Item, Qty, Price, CASH

Process Amt, CHANGE

Output TOTAL AMOUNT, CHANGE

Storage TOTAL AMOUNT

2. Information processing is important in today’s business activities. Miss Bella sells

scarves to three customers. All of the customers make the payment at the same time.
The first customer deposits RM100 and the second customer deposits RM220 into her
account at two different ATM machines. Her third customer paid RM100 by cash at her
shop. Miss Bella’s account balance before those transaction is RM200.
Analyse the information processing of Miss Bella’s account during that time.
Information Activity
Processing
Two different ATM machines accepts amount of money inserted into
Input Miss Bella’s account, RM100 and RM220 entered by user through
key pad.
The computer calculates the account balance by adding the first
Process deposits RM100, the second deposit RM220 and the current
balance in the account, RM200.
Output The computer displays the latest balance on the display panel.

Storage The computer saves the new account balance, RM520.

3. A lecturer plans to calculate the coursework marks at the end of each semester.
Coursework marks are the total marks for quizzes, assignments, and group project.
Based on the given scenario, explain the operations of information processing cycle to
display the coursework marks.
Operations Explanation
The computer accept total marks of quizzes, assignment and group
Input of project from the user.
The computer calculate coursework marks by adding marks of
Process quizzes, assignment and group of work.

Output The computer display coursework marks.

Storage The computer saves coursework marks.

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1.1 System Concept

4. Aminah shops at i-Mart Hypermarket. She pays the bill using her credit card. Explain
the operations in information processing cycle during paying the bill.
Operations Explanation
The computer accepts data in credit card such current balance of
Input
the card.
The computer deducts the amount of money that user has to pay.
Process
The computer updates the latest balance in the card.
Output The computer prints the receipt of transaction made.

Storage The computer saves the user’s card balance.

5. During school holiday, Abu and Ali went to GSC cinema to watch a movie. Explain the
operations occur in information processing cycle during buying online tickets to watch
the movie.
Operations Explanation
The computer accepts data such as date, time, and title of movie
Input
entered by user using a keyboard.
The computer checks whether the date and time is available on the
date entered.
The computer reserves the seats under the user’s name and updates
Process
the available seats after the booking is made.
The computer calculates the payment that has to be made by the
user.
The computer displays the information such as date, time, seats
Output
number, and total price.
The computer stores the latest information about the available
seats into the system.
Storage
The computer saves the user’s information and payment
information made by the user.

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1.2 Number Systems and Representations

Tutorial 3 – 7 (1.2 Number Systems and Representations)

SECTION A

1. Differentiate between bits and bytes.

Bit
Bit is a single binary digit 0 or 1.
The smallest unit of data the computer
can process.
A bit represents an electrical state on
or off; where bit 1 represents on and bit
0 represents off.
Byte
Byte is eight bits that are grouped together
as a unit.
The smallest addressable unit of data used
to encode a single character such as a
digit.
A byte represents one character such
as a digit, a letter, a punctuation mark
or any symbol in computer.

2. Explain briefly how digital data is being represented in a computer.

All data and instructions are represented digitally. Since computers are electrical
devices, they recognize only two discrete electrical states (on and off).

3. Convert the given value into bits.

Capacity Bits
32 Kilobyte (KB) 262,144
64 Megabyte (MB) 536,870,912
128 Gigabyte (GB) 1,099,511,627,776
256 Terabyte (TB) 2,251,799,813,685,248
512 Petabyte (PB) 4,611,686,018,427,386,880

4. State three (3) benefits of using binary digits to represent data in computers.
• Provide simplicity as it uses two clearly distinct digits; 0 and 1.
• Extremely fast execution time or access time.
• Least amount of necessary circuitry, which results in the least amount of space,
energy consumption and cost.
• Two clearly distinct states that provide a safety range for reliability.

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1.2 Number Systems and Representations

SECTION B

1. Convert the following hexadecimal numbers to decimal number system. Show your
calculations.
a. F1FA16
= (F x 163) + (1 x 162) + (F x 161) + (A x 160)
= (15 x 4096) + (1 x 256) + (15 x 16) + (10 x 1)
= 61440 + 256 + 240 + 10
= 6194610

b. B1D616
= (B x 163) + (1 x 162) + (D x 161) + (6 x 160)
= (11 x 4096) + (1 x 256) + (13 x 16) + (6 x 1)
= 45056 + 256 + 208 + 6
= 4552610

c. F616
= (F x 161) + (6 x 160)
= (15 x 16) + (6 x 1)
= 240 + 6
= 24610

d. 11A16
= (1 x 162) + (1 x 161) + (A x 160)
= (1 x 256) + (1 x 16) + (10 x 1)
= 256 + 16 + 10
= 28210

e. 8CB16
= (8 x 162) + (C x 161) + (B x 160)
= (8 x 256) + (12 x 16) + (11 x 1)
= 2048 + 192 + 11
= 225110

f. DFE516
= (D x 163) + (F x 162) + (E x 161) + (5 x 160)
= (13 x 4096) + (15 x 256) + (14 x 16) + (5 x 1)
= 53248 + 3840 + 224 + 5
= 5731710

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1.2 Number Systems and Representations

2. Convert the following binary numbers to hexadecimal number system. Show your
calculations.
a. 1110111010101012
8 4 2 1 8 4 2 1 8 4 2 1 8 4 2 1
Binary 4-digit 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1
Decimal Value 7 7 5 5
Hexadecimal Digit 7 7 5 5
Answer: 1110111010101012 = 775516

b. 0111111012
8 4 2 1 8 4 2 1 8 4 2 1
Binary 4-digit 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1
Decimal Value 0 15 13
Hexadecimal Digit 0 F D
Answer: 0111111012 = FD16

c. 111101102
8 4 2 1 8 4 2 1
Binary 4-digit 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0
Decimal Value 15 6
Hexadecimal Digit F 6
Answer: 111101102 = F616

d. 1000110102
8 4 2 1 8 4 2 1 8 4 2 1
Binary 4-digit 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0
Decimal Value 1 1 10
Hexadecimal Digit 1 1 A
Answer: 1000110102 = 11A16

e. 1000110010112
8 4 2 1 8 4 2 1 8 4 2 1
Binary 4-digit 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1
Decimal Value 8 12 11
Hexadecimal Digit 8 C B
Answer: 1000110102 = 8CB16

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1.2 Number Systems and Representations

f. 11011111111001012
8 4 2 1 8 4 2 1 8 4 2 1 8 4 2 1
Binary 4-digit 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1
Decimal Value 13 15 14 5
Hexadecimal Digit D F E 5
Answer: 1000110102 = DFE516

3. Convert the following decimal numbers to hexadecimal number system. Show your
calculations.
a. 356310
16 3563
16 222 --- 11 --- B
16 13 --- 14 --- E
16 0 --- 13 --- D

Hence, 356310 = DEB16

b. 6420610
16 64206
16 4012 --- 14 --- E
16 250 --- 12 --- C
16 15 10 A
16 0 --- 15 --- F

Hence, 6420610 = FACE16

c. 247810
16 2478
16 154 --- 14 --- E
16 9 --- 10 --- A
16 0 --- 9 --- 9

Hence, 247810 = 9AE16

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1.2 Number Systems and Representations

d. 119910
16 1199
16 74 --- 15 --- F
16 4 --- 10 --- A
16 0 --- 4 --- 4

Hence, 119910 = 4AF16

e. 26610

16 266
16 16 --- 10 --- A
16 1 --- 0 --- 0
16 0 --- 1 --- 1

Hence, 26610 = 10A16

f. 454010
16 4540
16 283 --- 12 --- C
16 17 --- 11 --- B
16 1 1 1
16 0 --- 1 --- 1

Hence, 454010 = 11BC16

4. Convert the following hexadecimal numbers to binary number system. Show your
calculations.
a. 4ECA16
Hexadecimal digit 4 E C A
Decimal Value 4 14 12 10
Binary 4-digit 8 4 2 1 8 4 2 1 8 4 2 1 8 4 2 1
0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0
Answer: 4ECA16 = 1001110110010102

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1.2 Number Systems and Representations

b. 1FD16
Hexadecimal digit 1 F D
Decimal Value 1 15 13
Binary 4-digit 8 4 2 1 8 4 2 1 8 4 2 1
0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1
Answer: 1FD16 = 1111111012
c. F616
Hexadecimal digit F 6
Decimal Value 15 6
Binary 4-digit 8 4 2 1 8 4 2 1
1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0
Answer: F616 = 111101102
d. 11A16
Hexadecimal digit 1 1 A
Decimal Value 1 1 10
Binary 4-digit 8 4 2 1 8 4 2 1 8 4 2 1
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0
Answer: 11A16 = 1000110102
e. 8CB16
Hexadecimal digit 8 C B
Decimal Value 8 12 11
Binary 4-digit 8 4 2 1 8 4 2 1 8 4 2 1
1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1
Answer: 8CB16 = 1000110010112
f. DFE516
Hexadecimal digit D F E 5
Decimal Value 13 15 14 5
Binary 4-digit 8 4 2 1 8 4 2 1 8 4 2 1 8 4 2 1
1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1
Answer: DFE516 = 11011111111001012

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1.2 Number Systems and Representations

5. Convert the following decimal numbers to binary number system. Show your
calculations.
a. 356310
2 3563
2 1781 --- 1
2 890 --- 1
2 445 --- 0
2 222 --- 1
2 111 --- 0
2 55 --- 1
2 27 --- 1
2 13 --- 1
2 6 --- 1
2 3 --- 0
2 1 --- 1
2 0 --- 1

Hence, 356310 = 1101111010112

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1.2 Number Systems and Representations

b. 6420610
2 64206
2 32103 --- 0
2 16051 --- 1
2 8025 --- 1
2 4012 --- 1
2 2006 --- 0
2 1003 --- 0
2 501 --- 1
2 250 --- 1
2 125 --- 0
2 62 --- 1
2 31 --- 0
2 15 --- 1
2 7 --- 1
2 3 --- 1
2 1 --- 1
2 0 --- 1

Hence, 6420610 = 11111010110011102

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1.2 Number Systems and Representations

c. 247810
2 2478
2 1239 --- 0
2 619 --- 1
2 309 --- 1
2 154 --- 1
2 77 --- 0
2 38 --- 1
2 19 --- 0
2 9 --- 1
2 4 --- 1
2 2 --- 0
2 1 --- 0
2 0 --- 1

Hence, 247810 = 1001101011102

d. 119910
2 1199
2 599 --- 1
2 299 --- 1
2 149 --- 1
2 74 --- 1
2 37 --- 0
2 18 --- 1
2 9 --- 0
2 4 --- 1
2 2 --- 0
2 1 --- 0
2 0 --- 1

Hence, 119910 = 100101011112

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1.2 Number Systems and Representations

e. 26610

2 266
2 133 --- 0
2 66 --- 1
2 33 --- 0
2 16 --- 1
2 8 --- 0
2 4 --- 0
2 2 --- 0
2 1 --- 0
2 0 --- 1

Hence, 26610 = 1000010102

f. 454010
2 4540
2 2270 --- 0
2 1135 --- 0
2 567 --- 1
2 283 --- 1
2 141 --- 1
2 70 --- 1
2 35 --- 0
2 17 --- 1
2 8 --- 1
2 4 --- 0
2 2 --- 0
2 1 --- 0
2 0 1

Hence, 454010 = 10001101111002

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1.2 Number Systems and Representations

6. Convert the following binary numbers to decimal number system. Show your
calculations.
a. 1110111010101012
= (1 x 214) + (1 x 213) + (1 x 212) + (0 x 211) + (1 x 210) + (1 x 29) + (1 x 28) +
(0 x 27) + (1 x 26) + (0 x 25) + (1 x 24) + (0 x 23) + (1 x 22) + (0 x 21) +
(1 x 20)
= (1 x 16384) + (1 x 8192) + (1 x 4096) + (1 x 1024) + (1 x 512) + (1 x 256) +
(1 x 64) + (1 x 16) + (1 x 4) + (1 x 1)
= 16384 + 8192 + 4096 + 1024 + 512 + 256 + 64 + 16 + 4 + 1
= 3064910

b. 0111111012
= (0 x 28) + (1 x 27) + (1 x 26) + (1 x 25) + (1 x 24) + (1 x 23) + (1 x 22) +
(0 x 21) + (1 x 20)
= (1 x 128) + (1 x 64) + (1 x 32) + (1 x 16) + (1 x 8) + (1 x 4) + (1 x 1)
= 128 + 64 + 32 +16 + 8 + 4 + 1
= 25310

c. 111101102
= (1 x 27) + (1 x 26) + (1 x 25) + (1 x 24) + (0 x 23) + (1 x 22) + (1 x 21) +
(0 x 20)
= (1 x 128) + (1 x 64) + (1 x 32) + (1 x 16) + (1 x 4) + (1 x 2)
= 128 + 64 + 32 +16 + 4 + 2
= 24610

d. 1000110102
= (1 x 28) + (0 x 27) + (0 x 26) + (0 x 25) + (1 x 24) + (1 x 23) + (0 x 22) +
(1 x 21) + (0 x 20)
= (1 x 256) + (1 x 16) + (1 x 8) + (1 x 21)
= 256 + 16 + 8 + 2
= 28210

e. 1000110010112
= (1 x 211) + (0 x 210) + (0 x 29) + (0 x 28) + (1 x 27) + (1 x 26) + (0 x 25) +
(0 x 24) + (1 x 23) + (0 x 22) + (1 x 21) + (1 x 20)
= (1 x 2048) + (1 x 128) + (1 x 64) + (1 x 8) + (1 x 2) + (1 x 1)
= 2048 + 128 + 64 + 8 + 2 + 1
= 225110

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1.2 Number Systems and Representations

f. 11011111111001012
= (1 x 215) + (1 x 214) + (0 x 213) + (1 x 212) + (1 x 211) + (1 x 210) + (1 x 29) +
(1 x 28) + (1 x 27) + (1 x 26) + (1 x 25) + (0 x 24) + (0 x 23) + (1 x 22) +
(0 x 21) + (1 x 20)
= (1 x 32768) + (1 x 16384) + (1 x 4096) + (1 x 2048) + (1 x 1024) +
(1 x 512) + (1 x 256) + (1 x 128) + (1 x 64) + (1 x 32) + (1 x 4) +(1 x 1)
= 32768 + 16384 + 4096 + 2048 + 1024 + 512 + 256 + 128 + 64 + 32 + 4 + 1
= 5731710

7. Give the next three binary numbers in ascending order after 1102.
1102
= (1 x 22) + (1 x 21) + (0 x 20)
=4+2
= 610

After 610 : 710, 810, 910

2 7 ---
2 3 --- 1
2 1 --- 1
2 0 --- 1

2 8
2 4 --- 0
2 2 --- 0
2 1 --- 0
2 0 --- 1

2 9
2 4 --- 1
2 2 --- 0
2 1 --- 0
2 0 --- 1

After 1102 : 1112, 10002, 10012

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1.2 Number Systems and Representations

8. Determine whether the given binary number 111010112 is odd or even number.
111010112
= (1 x 27) + (1 x 26) + (1 x 25) + (0 x 24) + (1 x 23) + (0 x 22) + (1 x 21) + (1 x 20)
= 128 + 64 + 32 + 8 + 2 + 1
= 23510

235 % 2 != 0
23510 is odd number

9. Find the missing number below:

10012, 1112, 1012, ,1
10012
= (1 x 23) + (0 x 22) + (0 x 21) + (1 x 20)
=8+1
= 910

1112
= (1 x 22) + (1 x 21) + (1 x 20)
=4+2+1
= 710

1012
= (1 x 22) + (0 x 21) + (1 x 20)
=4+1
= 510

12
= (1 x 20)
=1
= 110

910, 710, 510, 310, 110

2 3
2 1 --- 1
2 0 --- 1

The missing number is 112

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1.2 Number Systems and Representations

10. Give three binary numbers in ascending order before 1012.

1012
= (1 x 22) + (0 x 21) + (1 x 20)
=4+1
= 510

Before 510 : 210, 310, 410

2 2 ---
2 1 --- 0
2 0 --- 1

2 3
2 1 --- 1
2 0 --- 1

2 4
2 2 --- 0
2 1 --- 0
2 0 --- 1

Before 1102 : 102, 112, 1002

11. Give the next three hexadecimal integers in ascending order after FD16.
FD16
= (F x 161) + (D x 160)
= 240 + 13
= 25310

After 25310 : 25410, 25510, 25610

16 254
16 15 --- 14 --- E
16 0 --- 15 --- F

= FE16

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1.2 Number Systems and Representations

16 255
16 15 --- 15 --- F
16 0 --- 15 --- F

= FF16

16 256
16 16 --- 0
16 1 --- 0
16 0 --- 1

= 10016

The next three hexadecimal integers in ascending order after FD16 are FE16, FF16, 10016

12. Solve the following:

a. 5410 + 5C16 = 10
5C16
= (5 x 161) + (C x 160)
= 80 + 12
= 9210
5410 + 9210 = 14610

b. EF016 - 10012 = 10
EF016
= (E x 162) + (F x 161) + (0 x 160)
= (14 x 256) + (15 x 16)
= 3584 + 240
= 382410

10012
= (1 x 23) + (0 x 22) + (0 x 21) + (1 x 20)
=8+1
= 910

382410 – 910 = 381510

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1.2 Number Systems and Representations

c. Box A consists of 111102 pencils and box B consists of few pencils. The total
pencils for both box is 14010. Calculate how many pencils are there in Box B.
Give your answers in binary form.

111102 + = 14010

111102
= (1 x 24) + (1 x 23) + (1 x 22) + (1 x 21) + (1 x 20)
= 16 + 8 + 4 + 2
= 3010

Total pencils in Box B = 140 – 30 = 110

2 110
2 55 --- 0
2 27 --- 1
2 13 --- 1
2 6 --- 1
2 3 --- 0
2 1 --- 1
2 0 --- 1

= 11011102

d. Zawjah has 1416 boxes of fruits. Half of them consists 1016 piece of apples and
another half consists 11112 of mangoes. She likes to share the fruits with four
friends. If the fruits are divided equally, calculate how many fruits each of them
will get in binary.

1416
= (1 x 161) + (4 x 160)
= 16 + 4
= 2010 boxes of fruit

1016
= (1 x 161) + (0 x 160)
= 1610 piece of apples

16 x 10 = 160 piece of apples

160 / 5 = 32 piece of apples

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1.2 Number Systems and Representations

3210 = 1000002 piece of apples

11112
= (1 x 23) + (1 x 22) + (1 x 21) + (1 x 20)
=8+4+2+1
= 1510 piece of mangoes

15 x 10 = 150 piece of mangoes

150 / 5 = 30 piece of mangoes

2 30
2 15 --- 0
2 7 --- 1
2 3 --- 1
2 1 --- 1
2 0 --- 1

3010 = 111102 piece of mangoes

13. Determine whether 110012 is divisible by 5.

110012
= (1 x 24) + (1 x 23) + (0 x 22) + (0 x 21) + (1 x 20)
= 16 + 8 + 1
= 2510

25 % 5 = 0
2510 is divisible by 5
TAMAT

END OF QUESTION PAPER

KERTAS SOALAN TAMAT

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7.0 Introduction to Programming

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