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Computer Architecture and Organization

Computer Architecture and Organization (AMA Computer University)

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Computer Architecture and Organization

Answers Questions
_______ are still used in many computers for situations where
data must be read and written quickly.
The typical type of external memory that most people use and
Flash Drive
are
familiar with are ______
It is made to reduce the number of instructions per program,
CISC
ignoring the number of cycles per instruction.
Peripheral Component Interconnect
____________ is a set of conductors intended to transmit
Bus data, address or control information to different elements in a
microprocessor.
Fritz Pfluemer Who
was invented the magnetic tape for the
purpose of recording?
Parity Code It is easy to include (append) one parity bit
either to the left of MSB or to the right of LSB
of original bit stream.
__________ is a form of computer memory that can be read
Random Access Memory and changed in any order, typically used to store working data
and machine code
Nibble If
you have 4 bits, you make one ______
A level-triggered interrupt is requested by holding the interrupt
TRUE
signal at its particular
(high or low) active logic level.
RISC is a type of microprocessor architecture which uses
TRUE
small, general purpose and
highly optimized instruction set rather than
more specialized set of instructions found
in others.
It includes most types of ROM and a type of flash memory
NOR-FLASH
called ___________.
It is made up of memory cell where each cell is composed of
DRAM
one transistor.
giant ENIAC machine first substantial computer?
It is the nature of the operation is indicated by read and write
memory
control signals.
Typically, a memory module will consist of M words of equal
FALSE
length.
BUFFER It is a temporary
physical storage used to hold data
during execution of process from one place
to one another.
TRUE Vacuum Tubes (1950s) - one bit on the size of a thumb
Magnetic tape was first used to record computer data in
1951
_____ on the
Eckert-Mauchly UNIVAC I.
Most external hard drives connect to a computer through a
USB port
______
Cycle stealing mode The is used in systems
in which the CPU should not be disabled for
the length of time needed for burst
transfer modes.
Processor The
___________ reads in instructions and data,
writes out data

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Answers Questions
after processing, and uses control signals to
control the overall
operation of the system.
Address line It is used to designate the source or destination of the
data on the data bus
EPROM This programmed with the use of very high voltages and
exposure to apporoximately 20 minutes of
intense UV light.
Microprocessors uses a clock signal to control the rate at
Clock speed which instructions are executed, synchronize other internal
components and to control the data transfer between them.
2004 Both PCI and PCI-X were superseded by PCI Express, which
was introduced in?
Intel Core i7 Examples of microprocessor
data bus These lines, collectively, are called the .
Direct mapping It
is the simplest technique of mapping.
CDRAM ______
can handle CPU, direct memory access
(DMA) and
video refresh at the same time by utilizing a
high-speed video interface.
Error correction codes ______ are used to correct the error(s) present in
the received data (bit stream) so that, we will
get the original data.
Bus interconnection A bus consists of
multiple pathways or lines
The "conventional PCI was designed by Intel and introduced
1992
in ______.
The first substantial computer was the giant ENIAC machine
TRUE
by John W. Mauchly and
J. Presper Eckert at the University of
Pennsylvania.
INPUT Driven by the motherboard, received by the PCI card
Both low cost and high-speed It is an advantage of a microprocessor.
A _________ usually comprises the display device, circuitry,
Monitor
casing, and power supply.
Processors typically have an internal interrupt mask register
TRUE
which allows selective
enabling and disabling of hardware
interrupts.
FALSE PCI is a hardware bus used for
adding internal components to a laptop.
Word Width is the number of bits in the internal data bus of a
FALSE
processor or it is the
number of bits a processor can process at a
time
Chewing gum In many modern personal computers, the RAM comes in
an easily upgraded form of modules called
or DRAM modules about the size of a few
sticks of _________
Interrupts may be implemented in hardware as a distinct
TRUE
component with control
lines, or they may be integrated into the
memory subsystem.
Peripheral Component Interconnect What does PCI stands for?
Processor The
________ reads in instructions and data
processor It reads in instructions and data, writes out data
after processing, and uses control signals to

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Answers Questions
control the overall operation of the
system.
Spurious interrupt It is the occurrence of a false interrupt request signal.
______ stores a bit of data using a transistor and capacitor
DRAM
pair.
error detection codes It
used to detect the error(s) present in the
received data(bit stream).
CAPACITY AND ACCESS TIME The
memory characterised on the basis of two
key factors; _______ and
_____________.
A bus is a communication pathway connecting two or more
TRUE
devices
Magnetic & Optical Electronic
data storage mediums that we can utilize
solid-state memory devices Term RAM refers solely
to ________________
A microprocessor is an integrated circuit (IC) which
TRUE
incorporates core functions of a
computer's central processing unit (CPU).
A is a communication pathway connecting two or more
bus
devices
Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory What does EPROM stand for?
Program counter __________ is saved in a known place.
NOR-flash A type of flash memory
It is an integrated circuit (IC) which incorporates core
Microprocessor
functions of a computer's central processing unit (CPU).
In _______, a bit of data is stored using the state of a six-
SRAM
transistor memory cell.
Processor to memory: The processor writes a unit of data to
TRUE
memory.
cell The memory ________ is the fundamental building block of
computer memory.
Redundant Array of Independent Disks A disk or solid state drive (SSD) subsystem that
increases performance or provides fault
tolerance or both.
FALSE Blueberry released the first
generation Macintosh, which was the first
computer to come with a graphical user
interface(GUI) and a mouse.
None of the above Typical control lines include:
Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory What does EPROM stand for?
The 1960s saw large mainframe computers become much
TRUE
more common in large
industries and with the US military and space
program.
TRUE The first microprocessor was introduced in the year 1972.
Memory Cell ___________
is the fundamental building block of
computer memory.
Cache memory is a random access memory that is integrated
FALSE
into the hard disk drive.
In the 1960's two devices would be invented that would
FALSE
improve the computer field
and set in motion the beginning of the
computer revolution.
External Devices Any peripheral device that is not housed inside
the computer cabinet.
copying

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data It
is from the external memory sources is done
the same way as copying data to and
from the existing hard drive.
1971 first
microprocessor introduced?
Processor communication This involves a number of tasks, primarily the
transference of data between the processor
and an I/O module, accepting and
decoding commands sent by the processor,
reporting of current status, and an
ability for the I/O module to recognise its own
unique address.
Magnetic Disk It is
a storage device that uses a magnetization
process to write, rewrite and access
data.
Semiconductor Memories It is a digital electronic data storage device.
185 TB Capacity of true
tape
I/O Processors It
is a processor with direct memory access
capability. In this, the computer system is
divided into a memory unit and
number of processors.
It is requested by holding the interrupt signal at its particular
Level-triggered interrupt
(high or low) active logic level.
Used to control the access to and the use of the data and
CONTROL LINE
address lines
Magnetic tape was invented for recording sound by Fritz
1928
Pfleumer in _____ in Germany.
_______ are used in devices such as cameras, GPS systems
Memory Card
and call phones.
SUPER DENSITY DISK .
DVD is also known as ________________.
Microprocessors are very versatile, the same chip can be
TRUE
used for a number of
applications by simply changing the program
(instructions stored in the
memory).
Control signal transmit both commands and timing information
TRUE
between the
modules
Registers may be called as the Internal Storage device. Input
TRUE
data, Output data and
various other binary data is stored in this unit
for further processing.
NONE OF THESE Which of the following is not belong to non-volatile
memory?
All the instructions that are fetched from memory are located
TRUE
in the Instruction
register.
METAL Which of the following is not categorised in
physical characteristics of a memory.
CD-ROM I t is designed to
store computer data in the form of text and
graphics, as well as hi-fi stereo
sound.
Network Line These are the 3 functional groups of a bus
interconnection except?

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Data buffering It
is a crucial function that manages the speed
discrepancy that exists between
the speed of transfer of data between the
processor and memory and peripheral
devices.
A software interrupt is requested by the processor itself upon
TRUE
executing particular
instructions or when certain conditions are
met.
Multilevel
caches As logic density has increased, it has become possible
to have a cache on the same chip as the
processor: the on-chip cache
FALSE Intel's 8086 was the first microprocessor to make it to Home
computers.
An edge-triggered interrupt is an interrupt signaled by a level
TRUE
transition on the interrupt
line, either a falling edge (high to low) or a
rising edge (low to high).
giant ENIAC machine What was the
none of these Which is not belongs to optical storage devices?
Oxide side The
________ of a tape is the surface that
can be magnetically manipulate by a tape
head
Both static and dynamic RAM are considered
volatile
_____________.
PCI It is a hardware bus used for
adding internal components to a desktop
computer
1992 The "conventional PCI was designed by Intel and
introduced in ______.
1971 In what year was the
62 The PCI connector is defined as having how many
contacts each side of the dge connector?
RDRAM Entire data blocks are access and transferred
out on a high-speed bus-like interface
Transparent Mode ___________
mode takes the most time to transfer a block
of
data, yet it is also the most efficient mode in
terms of overall system
performance.
Set-associative mapping It is a compromise that exhibits the strengths of both the
direct and associative approaches while
reducing their disadvantages.
Optical storage _______ refers to recording data using light.
EEPROM This is used in many older computer BIOS chips, is
non-volatile storage that can be erased and
programmed several times and allows
only one location at a time to be written or
erased.
Control unit as the name specifies controls the flow of data
TRUE
and signals in the
microprocessor
The hard disk drive forms the brain of the Central Processing
FALSE
Unit
Non-maskable interrupts What is NMI?
TRUE Then during the year 1976, Intel introduced 8085 processors

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which is
nothing but an update of 8080
processors.8080 processors are updated by
adding two
Enable/Disable Instructions, Three added
interrupt pins and serial I/O pins.
Microprocessors are very reliable, failure rate is very less as
TRUE
semiconductor
technology is used.
Used to control the access to and the use of the data and
FALSE
address system
POWER PIN Supplies power to the PCI card
A computer _________ is one of the primary input devices
Keyboard
used with a computer.

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