7

TLE
Information and Communications Technology
Computer Systems Servicing
Quarter 2 – Week 1-2
Performing Mensuration
and Calculation

DIVISION OF NEGROS OCCIDENTAL

GOVERNMENT PROPERTY
NOT FOR SALE
 Quarter 2, Week 1-2

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET (LAS) IN

COMPUTER SYSTEMS SERVICING
LESSON NO.1

Name of Learner: _
Grade and Section: Date:

SELECT MEASURING
INSTRUMENTS

I. Learning Competency (MELC) with Code

LO 1. Select Measuring Instruments (TLE_IACSS912PMC-IIa-b-10)

1.1 Identify object/s or components to be measured
1.2 Obtain correct specifications from relevant source
1.3 Select measuring tools in line with job requirements.

II. Content Standards

The learners demonstrate an understanding of concepts and underlying
principles in performing measurements and calculations.

III. Performance Standards

The learners shall be able to accurately measure and calculate based on given
tasks.
IV. Background Information for Learners

This will give you some understanding and will help you familiarize the
different tools and equipment used in Computer System Servicing. This is also
a guide for you on how to use the different tools and equipment according to
its function.

Everyone has heard the saying; “the right tool for the right job”, and “you
are only as good as your tools.” These sayings are very true when it comes to
the choice and use of tools. The quality of the tools that you choose to use are
as important as the tools themselves when it comes to work and repair quality.
Given that there are a wide variety of tools that are required for a wide variety
of fields it’s important to make sure that you choose the right types and quality
of tools to meet your individual needs, whether they are personal or business
related.

Hoping you will enjoy answering all the activities in your Leaning Activity
Sheet. God bless!
Pre-test:

Let us determine how much you already know about our lesson. Take
this test. Write your answers in your notebook

I. Read each item carefully. Write True if the statement is correct, write
False otherwise.

______1. Accessing adult sites can cause viruses to creep into your storage.
______2. Use a fine-tip marker to write on the CD disc.
______3. Update your computer’s operating system with the latest patches.
______4. Pull your flash drive from the port right away after using it.
______5. Hold the CD disc by the outer edge and the center hole.

II. Identify the word/s that best describe/s the following statements. Write
your answer on the space provided before each number. Choose your
answer from the box.

DDR Thumb drive

Interface Optical drive
SATA Read-only memory
Random Access Memory Hard drive
DIMM Solid State Drive

_________1. A removable storage device that connects to the USB port.

_________2. Technology that doubles the maximum bandwidth of SDRAM.
_________3. Temporary storage for data and programs that are being accessed
by the CPU.
_________4. Chips that are located on the motherboard.
_________5. The point of interaction or communication between a computer or
any other entity such as a printer or human operator.
_________6. It is usually configured as the C: drive in a Windows computer.
_________7. This is a circuit board that holds SDRAM, DDR SDRAM and DDR2
SDRAM.
_________8. This refers to the serial version of the ATA drive controller
interface.
_________9. A storage device that uses lasers to read data on the optical media.
_________10. This uses far less energy than the magnetic hard drive.

III. Convert the following to binary. Perform checking to verify your answer.
2 points each.

1. 25
2. 50
 ELECT MEASURING INSTRUMENTS
MEMORY

Memory is used most often to identify fast, temporary forms of storage.

When the information is kept in memory, the CPU can access it much more
quickly. Most forms of memory are intended to store data temporarily.

READ-ONLY MEMORY (ROM)

Read-only memory (ROM) chips are located in the

motherboard. ROM chips contain instructions that can be
directly accessed by the CPU.

Basic instructions for booting the computer and loading the operating
systems are stored in ROM. ROM chips retain their contents even when the
computer is powered down. The contents cannot be erased or changed by
normal means.

RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY (RAM)

Random Access Memory (RAM) is the temporary storage

for data and programs that are being accessed by the CPU.

RAM is volatile memory, which means that the contents

are erased when the computer is powered off. The more RAM in a computer,
the more capacity the computer has to hold and process large programs and
files, as well as enhance system performance.

Early computers had RAM installed in the motherboard as individual

chips. The individual memory chips, called Dual Inline Package (DIP) chips,
was difficult to install and often became loose on the motherboard. To solve
this problem, designers soldered the memory chips on a special circuit
board called a memory module.

SIMMs and DIMMs

SIMMs (Single Inline Memory Module) have 30-pin

and 72-pin configurations.

DIMM (Dual Inline Memory Module) is a circuit board that holds

SDRAM, DDR SDRAM and DDR2 SDRAM.
 DDR (Double Data Rate) technology doubles the maximum bandwidth
of SDRAM, DDR2 offers faster performance while using less technology.
DDR3 operates at even higher speeds than DDR2; however, none of these
DDR technologies are backward- or forward- compatible.

CACHES AND REGISTERS

Caches are designed to alleviate this bottleneck by

making the data used most often by the CPU instantly
available.

Registers are memory cells built right into the CPU that contain
specific data needed by the CPU, particularly the Arithmetic and Logic Unit
(ALU). An integral part of the CPU itself, they are controlled directly by the
compiler that sends information for the CPU to process.

STORAGE DRIVES

Storage drives read or write information on magnetic or optical storage

media. The drive can be used to store data permanently or to retrieve
information from a media disk. Storage drives can be installed inside the
computer case, such as a hard drive. For portability, some storage drives
can connect to the computer using a USB port, a FireWire port, or a SCSI
port. These portable storage drives are sometimes referred to as removable
drives and can be used on multiple computers.

Hard Drive

A hard drive, or hard disk drive, is a magnetic storage

device that is installed inside the computer. The hard drive is
used as permanent storage for data. In a Windows computer,
the hard drive is usually configured as the C: drive and
contains the operating system and applications. The hard
drive is often configured as the first drive in the boot
sequence. The storage capacity of a hard drive is measured in billions of
bytes, or gigabytes (GB). The speed of a hard drive is measured in
revolutions per minute (RPM). Multiple hard drives can be added to increase
storage capacity. Traditional hard drives are magnetic. Magnetic hard drives
have drive motors designed to spin magnetic platters and the
drive heads. In contrast, the newer solid state drives (SSDs) do
not have moving parts. Because there are no drive motors and
moving parts, the SSD uses far less energy than the
magnetic hard drive. Non-volatile flash memory chips manage all storage on
an SSD, which results in faster access to data, higher reliability, and
reduced power usage. SSDs have the same form factor as magnetic hard
drives and use ATA or SATA interfaces. SSDs can be installed as a
replacement for magnetic drives.
Optical Drive

An optical drive is a storage device that uses lasers

to read data on the optical media. There are three types of
optical drives: Compact Disc (CD), Digital Versatile Disc
(DVD) and Blu-ray Disc (BD). CD, DVD, and BD media can be pre-recorded
(read-only), recordable (write once), or re- writable (read and write multiple
times).

External Flash Drive

An external flash drive, also known as a thumb drive,

is a removable storage device that connects to a USB port.
An external flash drive uses the same type of non-volatile
memory chips as solid state drives and does not require
power to maintain the data. These drives can be accessed by the operating
system in the same way that other types of drives are accessed.

Types of Drive Interfaces

Hard drives and optical drives are manufactured with different

interfaces that are used to connect the drive to the computer. To install a
storage drive in a computer, the connection interface on the drive must be
the same as the controller on the motherboard. Here are some common
drive interfaces:

• IDE – Integrated Drive Electronics, also called

Advanced Technology Attachment (ATA) is an
early drive controller interface that connects
computers and hard disk drives. An IDE
interface uses a 40-pin connector.

• SATA – Serial ATA refers to the serial version of the

ATA drive controller interface. A SATA interface
uses a 7-pin data connector.

• SCSI – Small Computer System Interface is a drive

controller interface that can connect up to 15
drives. SCSI can connect both internal and
external drives. An SCSI interface uses a 50-
pin, 68-pin, or 80-pin connector.
Activity No. 1
A. Fill-in the blanks with the correct letters to form a word/s that best
describes the statement.

1. These are memory cells that contain specific data needed by the
CPU. R__GI__T__R___
2. It is a a drive controller interface that can connect up to 15 drives.
S_S_
3. Contents are erased when the computer is powered
off. V__LA__IL__
4. These are soldered memory chips on a special circuit
board. ME__O__Y __OD__L__
5. This is used to connect the drive to the
computer. I__TE__F__ __E

B. Write True if the statement is correct, otherwise, write False.

6. Basic instructions for booting the computer and loading the operating
systems are stored in ROM.
7. RAM is the permanent storage for data and programs that are being
accessed by the CPU.
8. Hard drives and optical drives are manufactured with the same
interfaces that are used to connect the drive to the computer.
9. A SATA interface uses a 7-pin data connector.
10. Early computers had RAM installed in the motherboard as individual
chips.

Reflection
What have you learned about the lesson?

I have learned that _______________________________________

I have realized that ______________________________________

I will apply ______________________________________________

 Quarter 2, Week 1-2

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET (LAS) IN

COMPUTER SYSTEMS SERVICING
LESSON NO. 2

Name of Learner: _
Grade and Section: Date:

Carry Out Measurements and

Calculation

V. Learning Competency (MELC) with Code

LO 2. Carry out measurements and calculation (TLE_IACSS9-12PMC-IIb-d-11)

2.1 Select appropriate measuring instruments to achieve required outcome
2.2 obtain accurate measurements for job
2.3 perform calculation needed to complete task using the four mathematical
fundamental operations addition (+), subtraction (- ), multiplication (x), and
division (÷)
2.4 Use calculation involving fractions, percentages and mixed numbers to
complete workplace tasks
2.5 Self-check and correct numerical computation for accuracy
2.6 Read instruments to the limit of accuracy of tool

VI. Content Standards

The learners demonstrate an understanding of concepts and underlying
principles in performing measurements and calculations.

VII. Performance Standards

The learners shall be able to accurately measure and calculate based on given
tasks.
 Carry Out Measurements and Calculation
DIGITAL REPRESENTATION

Information is represented and stored in a digital binary format within

a computer. The term bit is an abbreviation of binary digit and represents
the smallest piece of data.

A bit can have only two possible values, a one digit (1) or a zero digit
(0). A bit can be used to represent the state of something that has two states.

CONVERT DECIMAL NUMBERS TO BINARY

To convert a decimal number to binary, all you have to do is divide the

number by 2. Get the quotient and the remainder. Bring down the quotient,
divide it by 2, and get the quotient and remainder again. Do it repeatedly
until the quotient results to 0. Copy the remainder from bottom to top, and
that is the binary equivalent.

Example: 30
Quotient Remainder
30/2 15 0
15/2 7 1
7/2 3 1
3/2 1 1
1/2 0 1

30 = 11110

Checking: 1 1 1 1 0 Multiplier
16 8 4 2 1 Equivalents
16 8 4 2 0 Results
16+8+4+2=30

CALCULATING DATA STORAGE

While a bit is the smallest representation of data, the most basic unit
of digital storage is the byte. A byte is 8 bits and is the smallest unit of
measure (UOM) used to represent data storage capacity. When referring to
storage space, we use the terms bytes (B), kilobytes (KB), megabytes (MB),
gigabytes (GB), and terabytes (TB).
 One kilobyte is a little more than one thousand bytes, specifically
1,024. A megabyte represents more than a million bytes or 1,048,576. A
gigabyte is 1,073,741,824 bytes. A terabyte is 1,099,511,627,776.

Here is another conversion:

1 byte = 8bits
1kilobyte = 1,024 bytes
1 megabyte = 1,024 kilobytes
1 gigabyte = 1,024 megabyte
1terabyte = 1,024 gigabyte

When something is represented digitally, the greater the detail, the

greater the number of bits needed to represent it. A low-resolution picture
from a digital camera will use around 360KB, and a high-resolution picture
could use 2 MB or more.

Examples of components and devices that use byte storage include:

random access memory (RAM), hard disk drive space, CDs, DVDs, and MP3
players. CDs have a data storage capacity of approximately 700 MB. DVDs
have a data storage capacity of approximately 4.3 GB on a single-layer disc,
and approximately 8.5 GB on a dual-layer disc. BDs have a storage capacity
of 25 GB on a single-layer disc, and 50 GB on a dual-layer disc. Once we
know the size of a file or folder, it is possible to determine the number of
bytes being used.

Example:
A file is 25KB in size
1KB = 1,024Bytes
25 x 1,024 = 25,600Bytes in a 25KB file

If this 25KB file is stored in a 1MB folder, how many files can
be stored in that folder?
1MB = 1,048,576Bytes 25KB = 25,600Bytes

1,048,576Bytes/25,600Bytes = 40.96 files can be stored in a 1MB

Activity No. 1
Convert the following to binary. Perform checking to verify your answer.
2 points each.

1. 20
2. 15
3. 32

Reflection
What have you learned about the lesson?

I have learned that _______________________________________

I have realized that ______________________________________

I will apply ______________________________________________

 Quarter 2, Week 1-2

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET (LAS) IN

COMPUTER SYSTEMS SERVICING
LESSON NO. 3

Name of Learner: _
Grade and Section: Date:

Maintain Measuring
Instruments

VIII. Learning Competency (MELC) with Code

LO 3. Maintain measuring instruments (TLE_IACSS9-12PMC-IIe-f-12)

3.1 Ensure proper handling of measuring instruments to avoid damage and
clean it before and after using
3.2 Identify tasks to be undertaken for proper storage of instruments
according to manufacturer’s specifications and standard operating procedures.

IX. Content Standards

The learners demonstrate an understanding of concepts and underlying
principles in performing measurements and calculations.

X. Performance Standards
The learners shall be able to accurately measure and calculate based on given
tasks.

3
 Maintain Measuring Instruments
MEMORY

The gold contacts at the bottom of your RAM must be clean and free of
debris in order to maintain a solid connection. If your RAM sticks are dirty,
your computer might not recognize that they’re installed and may
sometimes show a blue screen. Normally, dusting out the inside of your
computer on a monthly basis (more if the environment is unusually dusty)
is sufficient to keep RAM modules clean.

Holding a RAM without caution and proper anti-static protection could

break your precious memory module. Although this piece is sensitive and
delicate, it will not break if you handle the device correctly and properly.
Here are some safety measures in handling a RAM.
• Use anti-static wrist straps or anti-static clips to drain all the static
electricity that is present in your body and which you could acquire if
you have a carpeted floor.
• After taking the RAM out of your computer, do not place it anywhere
because it could be exposed to other elements (especially water or
anything moist) and it is better that you put it in an anti-static plastic
container first before placing the RAM in a safe location.
• If possible, wear thin rubber gloves when holding the RAM. Place your
fingers on the edge of its corners (the green plated part of the module
with plastic coating) to avoid the chances of damaging the sensitive
parts of the RAM.

HARD DISK DRIVE

Hard disk drive (HDD) can last for years when properly maintained.
Neglect can lead an HDD to fail sooner than it normally would and the
potential loss of valuable data.
Common causes for a drive failure include:
• Water damage
• Overheating
• Electrical faults
• Firmware corruption
• Damaged boot sector
• Mechanical failure
Be Careful about Downloading and Installing Software

One of the most common reasons clients need hard drive recovery
services is because malware has infected the drive and destroyed its ability
to boot.

Keep the Computer’s Components Free of Dust

Air circulation causes dust to collect inside the computer’s case, so

it’s important to periodically remove dust and debris to prevent electrical
faults or overheating.

Update the Computer’s Operating System with Critical Patches

By keeping the computer’s OS up to date with the latest patches, it’ll

be less likely to become infected with malicious software that can damage
data on its HDD.

Defragment the Drive Regularly

Large files can become scattered across the drive’s platter, which
slows the process of reading them and impacts a computer’s performance.
Defragmentation reorganizes all the software and data into an optimal
arrangement.

Delete Unused Software and Files Periodically

It’s important to maintain free space on a drive that the computer can
use for temporary storage. When its drive becomes too full, a computer can
slow to a crawl as it attempts to use the little free space left to juggle data.

REMOVABLE STORAGE DEVICES

Flash drives or thumb drives are also highly important mainly

because they contain files that you use in school or personal life. Failure
to properly take care of these devices and disks could result in irreversible
loss of essential data.

Avoid placing your removable disks on top of other electronic devices. If

you place your USB or other disk on top of your TV set, computer, gaming
platform, for a long period of time, this can lead to data damage.

Make it a point to eject your drive properly. Make sure you always
“safely remove” your removable device from your PC whenever you are about
to detach it. This prevents sudden data loss and damage to the drive.
Pulling your flash drive or memory card away from its PC socket without
doing the “safely remove” action can lead to total disk damage.
 Maintain the integrity of your files. Monitor what goes in and out of the
drive. Accessing peer to peer software, adult sites, and sites with known
malware and spyware issues, can all cause viruses to creep into your PC
storage items and compromise the integrity of your files.

Keep it all safe. Sometimes, no matter how hard you try in protecting
your disks, they are subjected to wear, tear, and other unforeseen factors.
To make sure that you do not instantly lose important data, backup your
files in multiple locations.

OPTICAL MEDIA

CDs and DVDs are extremely delicate data storage media and any type
of mishandling can damage the CD or DVD thereby resulting in data loss.
Therefore, it is important for you to exert caution while using these optical
media.

Do:
1. Handle discs by the outer edge or the center hole.
2. Keep dirt or other foreign matter from the disc.
3. Store discs upright (book style) in plastic cases specified for CDs and
DVDs.
4. Store discs in a cool, dry, dark environment in which the air is clean.
5. Remove dirt, foreign material, fingerprints, smudges, and liquids by
wiping with a clean cotton fabric in a straight line from the center of
the disc toward the outer edge.

Do not:
1. Touch the surface of the disc.
2. Bend the disc.
3. Store discs horizontally for a long time (years).
4. Expose discs to extreme heat or high humidity.
5. Write or mark in the data area of the disc (the area the laser “reads”).
6. Clean by wiping in a direction going around the disc.
7. Scratch the label side of the disc.
8. Use a pen, pencil, or fine-tip marker to write on the disc.
9. Write on the disc with markers that contain solvents.
10.Try to peel off or reposition a label.
Activity No. 1
Fill in the blanks with the correct word/s from the box to complete the
statement below.

Defragmentation mishandling
loss of data anti-static wrist straps
edge

1. Hard disk failure would result to __________________.

2. Any type of __________________ can damage the CD/DVD resulting to
data loss.
3. Use _____________ to drain the static electricity present in your body.
4. Place your fingers on the _______________ of its corners to avoid
damaging the sensitive parts of the RAM.
5. _________________ reorganizes all the software and data into an optimal
arrangement.

Reflection
What have you learned about the lesson?

I have learned that _______________________________________

I have realized that ______________________________________

I will apply ______________________________________________

 Quarter 2, Week 1-2

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET (LAS) IN

COMPUTER SYSTEMS SERVICING
LESSON NO. 1-3
Name of Learner: _
Grade and Section: Date:

Performing Mensuration and

Calculation

Learning Competency (MELC) with Code

LO 1. Select Measuring Instruments (TLE_IACSS912PMC-IIa-b-10)
LO 2. Carry out measurements and calculation (TLE_IACSS9-12PMC-IIb-d-11)
LO 3. Maintain measuring instruments (TLE_IACSS9-12PMC-IIe-f-12)

Performance Task
Do the following activities in short-sized bond paper:

Option 1. Create a concept map that will show the different storage devices,
memory and interfaces.
Option 2. Create a poster about maintaining measuring instruments.
Your work will be evaluated based on the following rubrics:

SCORING RUBRICS

Excellent Adequate Poor

(15) (10) (5)

Organization of ideas.
Poster/Concept Map is well
developed. Concept is
organized.

Visual Impact.
Poster/Concept Map is
attractive and/or neat.
 Performing Mensuration and Calculation

Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region VI-Western Visayas
Division of Negros Occidental
Cottage Road, Bacolod City

TECHNOLOGY AND LIVELIHOOD EDUCATION

COMPUTER SYSTEM SERVICING

Quarter 2 - Lesson No. 1-3

Summative Test

A. True or False. Write True if the statement is correct and write FALSE
if otherwise.
1. It is important to maintain free space on a drive that the computer
can use for temporary storage.

2. Dusting out the inside of your computer on a yearly basis is sufficient

to keep RAM modules clean.

3. When holding the RAM, place your fingers on the center to avoid the
chances of damaging the sensitive parts.

4. A malware can destroy the ability of the drive to boot.

5. Defragmentation reorganizes all the hardware and data into an

optimal arrangement.

6. Make sure you sometimes “safely remove” your removable device from
your PC whenever you are about to detach it.

7. To make sure that you do not instantly lose important data, backup
your files in another folder.

8. Do not touch the surface of the CD Disc.

9. Write or mark in the data area of the disc the laser reads

10. Your computer will be more likely to become infected with malicious
software if you keep the computer’s OS up to date.
 Column A Column B
___1. These chips contain A. Storage drives
instructions B. SCSI Interface
that can be directly accessed C. IDE
by the CPU. D. Dual Inline Package
___2. A 40-pin connector that E. Hard drive
connects F. Portable storage drives
computers and hard disk G. ROM
drives.
H. Solid State Drive
___3. Read or write information on
I. Memory
magnetic
J. ROM chips
or optical storage media.
___4. Sometimes referred to as
removable
drives and can be used on
multiple
computers.
___5. An interface that can connect
both
internal and external drives.
___6. It is often configured as the
first drive
in the boot sequence
___7. It can be installed as a
replacement
for magnetic drives.
___8. Retain their contents even
when the
computer is powered down.
___9. It is intended to store data
temporarily
___10. Individual memory chips

B. Matching Type. Match column A with column B. Write the letter of

your answer on the space provided before each number.

C. Solve the following problems. Show your solutions. 2 points each.

1. How many 17MB mp4 file can be stored on a CD-R?

2. How many 5KB docx file can be stored on a 4MB folder of your hard
drive?
3. How many 5MB mp3 file can be saved on a 4GB thumb drive?
Answer Key
References

LO 1:
Biasong, Joy Kenneth Sala. 2013. slideshare.net. June 16. Accessed June
15, 2020. https://www.slideshare.net/kenjoyb/k-to-12-pc-hardware-
servicing-learning-module

De Vera, Psst. 2016. prezi.com. April 26. Accessed June 15, 2020.
https://prezi.com/xhb2fp2v9ulu/perform-mensuration-and-calculation/

magsipocarm05. 2019. fliphtml5.com. July 7. Accessed June 15,

2020. https://fliphtml5.com/dwahv/umog/basic/

Computer Hope. 2017. computerhope.com. October 11. Accessed June 27,

2020.https://www.computerhope.com/jargon/m/memory-module.htm
Watson, Stephanie. howstuffworks.com. Accessed June 27, 2020.
https://electronics.howstuffworks.com/blu-ray3.htm

Villinger, Sandro. 2019. avast.com. September 26. Accessed June 30,

2020.https://www.avast.com/c-what-is-ssd

LO 2:
Paño, Khlaire. 2016. slideshare.net. February 23. Accessed June 17, 2020.
https://www.slideshare.net/KhlairePao/digital-representation-58607073

LO 3:
pcdreams. 2016. pcdreams.com.sg. September 21. Accessed June 18, 2020.
https://pcdreams.com.sg/how-to-take-care-of-your-pc-storage-devices- 2/
#:~:text=Your%20data%20storage%20devices%2C%20such,irreversible%2
0loss%20of%20essential%20data.

Byers, Fred. 2003. libguides.wustl.edu. October. Accessed June 18,

2020. https://libguides.wustl.edu/c.php?g=47429&p=303867

Writer, Staff. 2016. howtodothings.com. Accessed June 18, 2020