The CENTRE for EDUCATION in

MATHEMATICS and COMPUTING

EXTRA CHALLENGES – SET II

This resource may be copied in its entirety, but is not to be used for commercial purposes without permission from the Centre for
Education in Mathematics and Computing, University of Waterloo.

Answers:

1. To determine the equation of the reflected line, we need to find two points on the image
line.
Any point on the line of reflection will remain unchanged, so this point will be common to
both lines. If we substitute y = 4 into y = 3x + 1, we get x = 1, so (1, 4) is a point on both
lines.
We can obtain another point by recognizing that any point reflected about a horizontal line
will have the same x-coordinate, and will have the same vertical distance away from the
line of reflection, just on the other side. The y-intercept for the given equation is 1, which
means its vertical distance is 3 units below the line of reflection. Thus, the reflected point
is 3 units above the line of reflection. So, the point (0, 1) will become (0, 7) when it is
reflected about the line
y = 4. Now that we have two points we can determine the equation of the line. The slope
of the reflected line can be determined using the two points (0, 7) and (1, 4). The slope is
4−7
m= = − 3 . The point (0, 7) gives us the y-intercept of the reflected line of 7.
1− 0
Thus, the equation of the reflected line is y = − 3x + 7 .

2. Solution #1:
By drawing perpendiculars from the top right point of intersection
we can divide the diagram into two quarter-circles and a square is
the first quadrant. Thus, area that is unshaded is:
π ( 20 )
2

2 + 202
4
= 400 + 200π
 1028
Thus, the area of the shaded region is the area of the large square with sides 40 units
minus the area that is unshaded.
That is: 40 2 − 1028 = 572 units2.
The area of the shaded region is approximately 572 units2.

For more activities and resources from the University of Waterloo’s Faculty of Mathematics, please visit www.cemc.uwaterloo.ca.
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 The CENTRE for EDUCATION in
MATHEMATICS and COMPUTING

EXTRA CHALLENGES – SET II

This resource may be copied in its entirety, but is not to be used for commercial purposes without permission from the Centre for
Education in Mathematics and Computing, University of Waterloo.

Solution #2:
This method involves determining the area of 2 semi-circles and subtracting
the area of the overlap. Then, we subtract this area from the large square.
The circles intersect at points (0, 0) and (20, 20). We can make a triangle
with these two points as well as (0, 20).
We calculate the area of half of the overlapping area. If we determine the
area of a quarter circle, we can subtract the area of the triangle to determine
the area of half of the overlapping area. Thus, the area of overlap is:
 (2 0)2 π 2 0 2 
2 −
 4 2 
= 2 0 0(π − 2)
Thus, the area of the shaded region is 40 2 − (20)2 π + 200(π − 2) = 572 units2.

3. First, break down each number into its prime factors. 7ab is already fully reduced so we
only need to look at 30a2b. This can be reduced to 2 × 3 × 5 × a 2 × b . If we want a perfect
square, we need every prime factor to have an even exponent. Since a has an even
exponent, b must have at least 2, 3 and 5 as its factors because each prime factor of a will
also have an even exponent. If a had factors of 2, 3 and 5, they would all become squared
and the resultant number would still have odd exponents.
Now, if we set b to have prime factors of 2, 3 and 5 in the 7ab equation, then we would
have prime factors of 2, 3, 5, and 7. Because they all have odd exponents, a must have
factors of 2, 3, 5, and 7 so that the expression has even exponents.
For a to divide b evenly, b must have all the factors of a. Therefore, b must also have 2, 3,
5, and 7 as factors. However, for the expression 30a2b, if we let b = 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 , we
would have a factor of 7 with an odd exponent. Thus, b must have not only a factor of 7,
but the 7 must also have an even exponent. So, the smallest value of b is 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 2
which is 1470, and a must be 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 which is 210.

For more activities and resources from the University of Waterloo’s Faculty of Mathematics, please visit www.cemc.uwaterloo.ca.
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 The CENTRE for EDUCATION in
MATHEMATICS and COMPUTING

EXTRA CHALLENGES – SET II

This resource may be copied in its entirety, but is not to be used for commercial purposes without permission from the Centre for
Education in Mathematics and Computing, University of Waterloo.

4. For the first part of the journey, the truck from Town C is driving at the same speed as the
truck from Town A. When truck C returns to Town C, truck A would have travelled ¼ of
the distance. Therefore, we know that truck C will travel the whole distance in the time
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that truck A drives ¾ of the distance. Therefore, truck C’s speed is × 60 = 80 km/h. If it
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takes 2 hours for truck C to reach the halfway point at 80 km/h, the total distance is 320
km.
We can determine when they will meet by equating their distances from Town A.
Let Truck A’s distance from Town A = Truck B’s distance from Town A
60t + 80 = 320 − 80t
140t = 240
240
t=
140
t = 1.71
It took
80  for Truck A to travel 1 of the way (and Truck C to return to Town C)
= 1 . 3h
60 4
therefore, the total time until they meet is 2.04 hours or 2 hours and 2 minutes.

5. a) To simplify this diagram, we can imagine the torus as a cylinder that has been
connected from one end to the other. This means, the volume is just the area of the
circular cross-section multiplied by the circumference. The radius of the circular
 b − a
2
 b − a
, giving an area of π 
 2 
cross section is 
 2 
.

To find the circumference of the torus, we must determine the radius we are using.
The radius is the length from the centre of the torus to the centre of the circular cross-
section. We know the centre of the circle is equidistant from where the radius of b
touches and the radius of a touches because they are both touching opposite ends of
the circle. So calculate the length from the centre to that midpoint would be to take
 b + a
the average of the two given radii. Thus, the radius of the torus is 
 2 
. Thus the

 b + a
circumference is 2π  and the volume is
 2 
 b + a  b − a 2  b − a  b + a π 2 (b − a)2 (b + a)
2 2

2π  × π = π =
 2       
2 .
2  2   2  2

For more activities and resources from the University of Waterloo’s Faculty of Mathematics, please visit www.cemc.uwaterloo.ca.
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 The CENTRE for EDUCATION in
MATHEMATICS and COMPUTING

EXTRA CHALLENGES – SET II

This resource may be copied in its entirety, but is not to be used for commercial purposes without permission from the Centre for
Education in Mathematics and Computing, University of Waterloo.

b) The surface area can also be calculated if we consider the torus as a cylinder that has
been connected end to end. Again, if we cut the cylinder into its net, we can see that
the surface area calculation is the same as the area of a rectangle. The width of this
rectangle is the circumference of the circular cross-section and the length is the
circumference of the torus. Thus, the equation for the surface area of a torus is
 b − a  b + a
l × w = 2π   × 2π  = π 2 (b + a)(b − a) = π 2 (b 2 − a 2 ) .
 2   2 

For more activities and resources from the University of Waterloo’s Faculty of Mathematics, please visit www.cemc.uwaterloo.ca.
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