The CENTRE for EDUCATION in

MATHEMATICS and COMPUTING

EXTRA CHALLENGES – SET IV

This resource may be copied in its entirety, but is not to be used for commercial purposes without permission from the Centre for
Education in Mathematics and Computing, University of Waterloo.

Answers:

1. From the first clue, it is a three-digit number. From the second clue, the units digit must be
a 3. From the third clue, the secret number is divisible by nine. Thus, the sum of its digits
must be divisible by nine; that is the secret number must be a multiple of nine. From the
fourth clue, the sum of the second digit and the units digit equals the first digit.
First Digit Second Digit Units Digit Multiple of 9?
(second digit + units digit) (must be a 3)
3 0 3 No
4 1 3 No
5 2 3 No
6 3 3 No
7 4 3 No
8 5 3 No
9 6 3 Yes

Thus, 963 is the only three-digit number that is divisible by nine and its units digit is a
three.
Therefore, Birkley’s secret number is 963.

2. a. In 1.5 hours, Edward will jog 8 × 1.5 = 12 km due west from the starting point. In the
same amount of time, Arielle will jog 12 km due north.
N
Using Pythagorean Theorem,
x 2 = 122 + 122
12 km
x = 16.97
W
12 km Thus, they will be approximately 17 km apart after 1.5 hours.

b. Similarly to part a, Edward will jog 12 km in 1.5 hours. Arielle will jog 10 × 1.5 = 15 km.
Let x represent the distance between Edward and Arielle. Using Pythagorean Theorem,
x 2 = 122 + 152
x = 19.21
Thus, the distance would increase by 19.21 − 16.97 = 2.24 km.

For more activities and resources from the University of Waterloo’s Faculty of Mathematics, please visit www.cemc.uwaterloo.ca.
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 The CENTRE for EDUCATION in
MATHEMATICS and COMPUTING

EXTRA CHALLENGES – SET IV

This resource may be copied in its entirety, but is not to be used for commercial purposes without permission from the Centre for
Education in Mathematics and Computing, University of Waterloo.

3. a. The probability of getting exactly 25 points is the probability of the dart landing in the
middle circle divided by the probability of the dart landing anywhere on the board.
A middleCircle − A smallCircle
P(25) =
Atotal
π (8)2 − π (4)2
=
π (25)2
48π
=
625π
48
=
625
48
Thus, the probability of getting exactly 25 points is = 0.0768.
625

b. To get a score of 60 points, the first dart must land on the circle with a value of 50
points and the other on the circle with a value of 10 points, and vice versa. The
probability of the dart landing on a circle with a value of 50 points and the probability
of the dart landing on a circle with a value of 10 points is,
A A − AmiddleCircle
P(50) = smallCircle P(10) = outerCircle
Atotal Atotal
16π 625π − 64π
= =
625π 625π
16 561
= =
625 625

Thus, the probability of getting 60 points is, P(60) = P(50)P(10) + P(10)P(50)

16 561 561 16
× + × =
625 625 625 625
8976 8976
= +
390625 390625
17952
=
390625
17952
Therefore, the probability of getting 60 points is  0.046 .
390625

For more activities and resources from the University of Waterloo’s Faculty of Mathematics, please visit www.cemc.uwaterloo.ca.
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 The CENTRE for EDUCATION in
MATHEMATICS and COMPUTING

EXTRA CHALLENGES – SET IV

This resource may be copied in its entirety, but is not to be used for commercial purposes without permission from the Centre for
Education in Mathematics and Computing, University of Waterloo.

4. The final answer should be in metres therefore, the inside diameter of the pipe is 0.48 m and
the outside diameter of the pipe is 0.80 m. So, the inside radius is 0.48 m ÷ 2 = 0.24 m and
the outside radius is 0.8 m ÷ 2 = 0.4 m . The formula for the volume of a cylinder is
Vcylinder = π r 2 h . To find the volume of the concrete needed to make the pipe,

48 cm
=
V pipe=
Vcylinder r =
0.4−V
cylinder r 0.24

= π ( 0.4 ) (12.65) − π ( 0.24 ) (12.65)

2 2

 4.069 12.65 m

Thus, the volume of concrete needed to make the pipe is 4 m3. 80 cm

5. Let t represent the time in seconds. The radius of the sphere at time zero is,
4
Vsphere = π r 3
3
4
When V = 288π , 288π = π r 3
3
216 = r 3
r=6
Since the height of the cone is always two times the radius then h = 2r , the radius of the cone
at time zero is,
1
Vcone = π r 2 h
3
2
When h = 2r , Vcone = π r 3
3
2 3
When V = 1152π , 1152π = π r
3
1728 = r 3
r = 12

For more activities and resources from the University of Waterloo’s Faculty of Mathematics, please visit www.cemc.uwaterloo.ca.
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 The CENTRE for EDUCATION in
MATHEMATICS and COMPUTING

EXTRA CHALLENGES – SET IV

This resource may be copied in its entirety, but is not to be used for commercial purposes without permission from the Centre for
Education in Mathematics and Computing, University of Waterloo.

To solve for the time when the radii are the same, set the equations equal to each other and
solve for the time, t ,
 1   1 
 6 + t = 12 − t
2   4 
1 1
t + t = 12 − 6
2 4
3
t=6
4
t=8

Thus, their radii are equal at eight seconds.

For more activities and resources from the University of Waterloo’s Faculty of Mathematics, please visit www.cemc.uwaterloo.ca.
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