Rhastee P.

Toroy BSME-3

Experiment No. 6
Measurement of Areas
OBECTIVE
     
SKETCH
     Draw the actual set-up of the experiment neatly and label each
apparatus.
 PROCEDURE
1. Attach the paper, with the figures to be planimetered,  firmly on a
smooth surface.
2. Place the pivot point outside the figure to be measured in such a
position that the arms make an angle of about 900  when the tracing
point is in the approximate center of the figure.
3. Record the initial reading of the planimeter. Do not attempt to set
the tracing wheel in a zero position.
4. Move the tracing point to the starting position and trace the path
in a clockwise direction, ending at the same point. Record the
reading.
5. Repeat the procedure using another figure.
6. The planimeter area will be the difference between the two readings
multiplied by the planimeter constant.
7. Compute the area of the given figures.
8. Compute the percent difference between the planimeter area and the
computed area.
          % Difference = (Computed Area - Planimeter Area)/computed
area  x 100%
                                                   
TABULATED DATA
Figure Constant, Planimeter Planimeter(Ap ) Ar Computed Area %
k Reading(ApR ) ea Difference
Circle(r=50mm) 9218.288 0.852 7853.981376 7853.981634 --------
mm^2 mm^2

Square(s=50mm) 9218.288 0.274 2525.810912 2500 mm^2 -1.032%

mm^2
Rectangle(50x100mm) 9218.288 0.546 5033.185248 5000 mm^2 -0.664%
mm^2
R.Triangle(b=50mm,h=100mm) 9218.288 0.273 2516.592624 2500 mm^2 -0.664%
mm^2

Trapezoid(a=50,b=100,h=50) 9218.288 0.395 3641.22376 3750 mm^2 -2.9%

mm^2

COMPUTATIONS
Ap = area computed using the planimeter, mm2  
Ac = area computed using known formula, mm2  
ApR  = planimeter reading
Ap  = k x ApR  
k = constant (obtain from any of the figures, Ac  /ApR  ).
For the circle:
k= Ac /ApR  = πr2  /ApR  = π(50)2  = 9218.288 mm2  
                                            0.852
Circle:
Ap= 9218.288*0.852=7853.981376 mm^2
Ac=π(50)^2=7853.981634 mm^2
%difference={(7853.981634-7853.981376)/ 7853.981634}*100=3.285^10-6%

Square:
Ap= 9218.288*0.274=2525.810912 mm^2
Ac=(50)=2500 mm^2
%difference={(2500-2525.810912)/ 2500}*100=-1.032%

Rectangle:
Ap= 9218.288*0.546=5033.185248 mm^2
Ac=(50)(100)=5000 mm^2
%difference={(5000-5033.185248)/ 5000}*100=-0.664%

Triangle:
Ap= 9218.288*0.273=2516.592624 mm^2
Ac=(1/2)(50)(100)=2500 mm^2
%difference={(2500-2516.592624)/ 2500}*100=-0.664%

Trapezoid:
Ap= 9218.288*0.395=3641.22376 mm^2
Ac=((50+100)/2)(50))=3750 mm^2
%difference={(3750-3641.22376)/ 3750}*100=2.9%
PROBLEMS
1. A small circle is tangent internally to a big circle such that
AB=CD=5 cm and EF=9 cm as shown. Compute the area of the shaded
portion.

2 A crossed belt goes around the pulleys A and B having radii of 14 cm

and 7 cm, respectively. The distance between centers of the two
pulleys is 36 cm.
a) Determine the angle of contact of the belt on the bigger pulley.
b) Determine the length of the common internal tangent.
c) Determine the total length of the belt.

Observations/Reactions:

The data shows planimeter reading has different value compared to

the theoretical or computed reading, making a difference. The percent
error difference excluded the circle, which the data shows that the
percent difference of error using computed reading and planimeter
reading is neglectable to utmost zero. On one hand, it is observed
that the more complex the shape to be measured by planimeter, the more
error it gets. For the same context, trapezoid is considered complex
shape, gets an error difference of 2.9%, means that the computed mean
is larger quite bigger than the planimeter reading. This is for some
reason that the user was a bit sloppy in tracing the sides and
stopping on the exact trapezoid’s angle. On the other hand, simple
geometric figures like rectangle, square and triangle have got lesser
percentage errors to utmost -1.032% and at -0.664% the least minimum.
In this case, to solve an area of more complex figures, it is better
to solve it using mathematical expression like integral and
differential equations to come up its exact area.