QUINIO, FE M.

COMMUNICABLE DISEASES
DISEASE INFECTIOUS MODE OF DIAGNOSTIC AND CLINICAL MEDICAL NURSING
(with brief AGENT TRANSMISSI LABORATORY TESTS MANIFESTATIONS MANAGEMENT & MANAGEMENT
description) (Correct format) ON (First will be the GOVERNMENT (Dx, Tx, Ed)
pathognomonic sign) PROGRAMS
(Include updated
government
programs)
1. GONORRHEA Neisseria Vaginal. Ora, Gonorrhea nucleic acid - Thick purulent ceftriaxone - single Dx
- infection in the gonorrhoeae anal sex amplification discharge dose of 500 mg, IM
mucous (NAAT) testing: - dysuria or a white, - Ask if she or her sexual
membranes of the yellow, or green partner may have
reproductive tract, - it detects the genetic urethral discharge  acquired the disease in
including the material (DNA) of the - testicular or scrotal Hawaii, other Pacific
cervix, uterus, and gonorrhea bacteria and is pain Islands, or Asia. If so,
fallopian tubes in considered the optimal - anal itching, assume that the
women, and the test for gonorrhea soreness, bleeding, or gonorrhea is drug-
urethra in women infection. This type of test painful bowel resistant and initiate
and men. can be performed on a movements treatment with cefixime or
urine sample or a swab -sore-throat ceftriaxone as ordered.
taken from a site of
potential infection. Tx
- a urine sample; a
genital examination; and - administer medications
swabs from the cervix, as prescribed.
urethra, throat or rectum.
Women may also have - If cultures are still
an internal examination. positive after treatment,
submit specimens for
drug-resistant testing.
QUINIO, FE M.

ED.

- Teach the importance of

completing antibiotic
therapy; incomplete
treatment encourages
growth of drug-resistant
organisms and treatment
failure.

- Tell her to avoid sexual

activity until all tests are
negative and to notify her
health care provider if
symptoms recur.

- Remind her that

abstinence equals
prevention. If she remains
sexually active, advise
her to use condoms.

2. SYPHILIS Causative agent: vaginal, anal, Syphilis test; used to - Chancre (painless) -penicillin G
Dx.
-  a systemic, Treponema pallidum or oral sex screen for and diagnose or ulceration benzathine 2.4
bacterial infection. syphilis - fever, swollen lymph million units./ single - Assess neurologic and
- it has been  Treponema pert glands, dose intramuscular mental status (rule out
named the “great enue causes Screening test: - sore throat, patchy (IM) tertiary syphilis)
imitator and yaws,  Rapid plasma reagin hair loss, - Alternative
mimicker.”   Treponema palli (RPR), a syphilis blood - headaches, therapies include - Assess genitals to
dum test that looks for - weight loss, muscle  doxycycline ensure healing has
endemicum cau antibodies to the syphilis aches, and 100 mg orally occurred
QUINIO, FE M.

ses endemic bacteria. Antibodies are - fatigue, rashes (PO) twice daily
- Listen to the heart for
syphilis, and proteins made by the for 14 days or
the murmur of aortic
 Treponema immune system to fight  ceftriaxone 1 to
regurgitation
carateum cause foreign substances, such 2 gm IM or
s pinta as bacteria. intravenously - Check the chest x-ray
Venereal disease (IV) daily for 10 report (syphilis can cause
research laboratory to 14 days or aortic aneurysms)
(VDRL) test, which also  tetracycline
checks for syphilis 100 mg PO 4
antibodies. A VDRL test times daily for Tx.
can be done on blood or 14 days.
- Administer medications
spinal fluid as prescribed.
- Administer benzathine
penicillin.
Ed.
- Educate patient on safe
sex practice
- Encourage the use of
condoms
- Encourage treatment of
a partner.
- Educate patient on
avoiding sex with an
infected partner.

3. HEPATITS B Hepatitis B virus - sexual -serologic testing - jaundice (yellowish - injection of Dx.
QUINIO, FE M.

- a vaccine- contact; - Blood tests of the eye. immunoglobulin

preventable liver sharing - liver ultrasound - icteric mucous -given 24 hrs - Assess level of
infection. needles, - liver biopsy membranes, after exposure. understanding of the
-  is spread when syringes, or - dark urine and disease process,
blood, semen, or other drug- - clay-colored stools - Hep-B vaccine expectations and
other body fluids injection (3 shots, IM, prognosis, possible
from a person equipment; or deltoid) treatment options.
infected with the from mother to Bed rest, refraining from
virus enters the baby at birth. -Antiviral alcohol, and taking
body of someone - direct blood medications. Sever medication to relieve
who is not contact al antiviral symptoms
infected. medications —
including entecavir - Monitor dietary
(Baraclude), intake and caloric count.
tenofovir (Viread), Suggest several small
lamivudine (Epivir), feedings and offer
adefovir (Hepsera) “largest” meal at
and telbivudine breakfast.
(Tyzeka
Tx
- Interferon
injections. Interfero -Antiemetics: metoclopra
n alfa-2b (Intron A)  mide (Reglan),
- Liver transplant trimethobenzamide
(Tigan)

Ed.

- Encourage continuation
of balanced diet.
QUINIO, FE M.

- Emphasize importance
of follow-up physical
examination and
laboratory evaluation.

4. CHLAMYDIA  Trachomatis  vaginal, oral - nucleic acid -yellowish discharge  azithromycin Dx.
-  is a sexually bacterium  and anal sex. amplification test -pain or burning – given as 2
transmitted sensation when or 4 tablets - Assess for the presence,
infection (STI) - a urine urinating at once existence, and history of
caused by the -pain during sex  doxycycline – the common causes of
bacteria -swab test (women) given as 2 infection (listed above).
Chlamydia capsules a
trachomatis. This day for a - Assess for the presence
specific type of week of local infectious
bacteria is unique processes in the skin or
in that it behaves mucous membranes.
like a virus. it
relies on a human Tx.
host to survive and
replicate. - Investigate the use of
medications or treatment
modalities that may cause
immunosuppression.

- Observe and report if an

older client has a low-
grade fever or new onset
of confusion.

- Encourage increased
fluid intake unless
contraindicated.
QUINIO, FE M.

Ed.

- Recommend the use of

soft-bristled toothbrushes
and stool softeners to
protect mucous
membranes.

- Instruct client not to

share personal care items
5. HIV/AIDS Human  Anal or - NATs look for the actual - - Antiretroviral Dx
- is a virus that immunodeficiency vaginal sex, or virus in the blood. Opportunisticandm therapy (ART)
attacks cells that virus, a retrovirus sharing - Antigen/antibody alignantmanifestatio - Assess patient’s ability
help the body fight needles, tests look for both HIV ns,T4below200/d - Non-nucleoside to chew, taste, and
infection, making a syringes, or antibodies and antigens. l.(Opportunistil reverse swallow.
person more other drug - -Rapid weight loss transcriptase
vulnerable to other injection inhibitors - Auscultate bowel
-Recurring fever or
infections and equipment  (NNRTIs) turn off a sounds.
profuse night sweats.
diseases. protein needed
- Extreme and Tx.
unexplained tiredness. by HIV to make
-Prolonged swelling of copies of itself.
- Schedule medications
the lymph glands in Examples include between meals (if
the armpits, groin, or efavirenz (Sustiva), tolerated) and limit fluid
neck. rilpivirine (Edurant) intake with meals, unless
-Diarrhea that lasts for and doravirine fluid has nutritional value.
more than a week. (Pifeltro).
-Sores of the mouth, - Provide frequent mouth
- HIV/STI
anus, or genitals. care, observing secretion
PREVENTION
precautions. Avoid
-Pneumonia. PROGRAM-
alcohol-containing
Reduce the
mouthwashes.
transmission of HIV
and STI among the
QUINIO, FE M.

Most At Risk Ed.

Population and
General Population - Encourage as much
and mitigate its physical activity as
impact at the possible.
individual, family,
and community - Educate client on the
level. disease process.

References:
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chlamydia/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20355355#:~:text=A%20sample%20of%20your%20urine,during%20a
%20routine%20Pap%20test.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2809016/
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hepatitis-b/symptoms-causes/syc-20366802
https://www.cdc.gov/std/syphilis/
https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/syphilis-tests/
https://www.scribd.com/document/387019764/pathognomonic-signs-of-communicable-diseases-pdf
https://doh.gov.ph/national-hiv/sti-prevention-program