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Chemistry
IX federal
Chapter 1 Short Q/A

Q-2(i) Differentiate between ion and a free radical

Ion Free radicals
An ion is a charge species formed from A free radical is electrically neutral species.
an atom.

These are atoms that have even no of electrons. A free radical has odd no of electrons.

It is electrically charged species. It is electrically neutral species.

Q-(IV) what is mole?

A mole is defined as the amount of a substance that contains 6.02×1023 number of particles (atoms,
molecule or formula unit)

Quantitative definition of mole is the atomic mass molecular mass or formula mass of a substance
expressed in grams is called mole.

Q-(v) differentiate between empirical formula and molecular formula?

Ans.

Empirical formula Molecular formula

The chemical formula of a compound is the
chemical formula that gives the simplest whole
number ratio of atoms of each element.
A formula which represents the simplest whole
number ratio of atoms of elements in a
compound.
Empirical formula: Molecular formula/n
It is used for both molecular and ionic
compounds.
A molecular formula gives the actual whole
number ration of atoms of each elements present
in a compound.
A formula which represents actual number of
atoms of elements in a compounds.
It is obtained by multiplying ‘n’ with empirical
formula : Empirical formula × n
It is used for molecular compounds.

Q-(vii) what are the molar mass of Uranium-238 andUranium-235?

Ans- If an element is a metal then its molar mass expressed in grams

1 mole of uranium -235 = 235 gm.

1 mole of uranium – 238= 238gm.

Q-(viii) why are one mole of hydrogen molecules and one mole of H-atoms have different masses?

Ans- One mole quantities of two different substances have different masses.

Thus the mass of 6.02×1023 hydrogen molecule does not equal the mass of H-atoms

Q-3 Define the following:

Ion:

An ion is a charged species formed from an atom or chemically bonded group of atoms by
adding or removing electrons. Positively charged ions are called cations, whereas, the negatively
charged io0ns are called anion

Molecular ions:

When a molecule losses or gains electrons, the resulting species is called a molecular ion.

For Example: O2 when losses one electron it forms O2 +

O 2 When it gains an electron it forms O2‾

Formula Unit:

A formula unit indicates the simplest ratio between cations and anions in an ionic
compound.

For example: The common salt consists of Na⁺ ions and Cl‾ions. It has one Na† ion for every Cl‾ ion’s
formula unit for common salt is NaCl

Free Radical:

A free radical is an atom which has an unpaired electron but no electrical charge.

For example •
Cl
Atomic Number:

The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom is known as its atomic number.

For example: there is only proton in the nucleus of H- atom, therefore its atomic number is 1

Mass Number:

The total number of protons and neutrons in an atom is known as its mass number.

Atomic Mass Unit:

 It is defined as amass exactly equal to one – twelth the mass of one C-12 atom.

Q-4 Differentiate:

Atoms Ions
Atom is the smallest particle of an element It is formed from an atom by adding or
removing electrons
It is electrically neutral It is a charge species

It cannot exist in free state It can break up into atoms

Molecular ion Free radical

When a molecule loses or gains electrons, It is formed by atom
the resulting species is called a molecular ion
It is a charge species It is electrically neutral
It has even no of electrons It has odd no of electrons

Describe how Avogadro number is related to a mole of any substance.

The number of particles in one mole of the substance is known as Avogadro number 6.02×1023 which is
the number of atoms of carbon in exactly 12 g of carbon 12

One mole of hydrogen atom= 6.02×1023 atoms of hydrogen (H) = 1 a.m.u

One mole of hydrogen molecules= 6.02×1023molecules of hydrogen (H2) 2 a.m.u

Differentiate