CHAPTER 5:

KEYWORD (page 137)

• Liquid
•Matter • Gas
• Particle •Diffusion
• Extraction
• melting •Evaporation
• Boiling •Condensation
•Solubility • Freezing
• solid •sublimation
 5.1 WHAT IS A MATTER?
Substance that has mass
and occupies space
Almost Living things
everything
In nature is Non-living thing
a matter
Use a pin to prick
the balloon
Air has mass and
occupies space
solid has mass
and
occupies
space
 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER
- Properties that can be identified by our five senses or measuring tools

Pan is made of
heat conductor Handle is made of
such as steel heat insulator
such as plastic
 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER
- Properties that can be identified by our five senses or measuring tools

Different liquids have Melting point of ice is the

different boiling temperature at which ice changes
points into liquid at certain temperature
 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER
- Properties that can be identified by our five senses or measuring tools

Sugar can dissolve in coffee

 CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER
- Properties that become evident when it changes to a new substance

Rusting occurs on iron

when it is exposed to
water and air
CHEMICAL
PROPERTIES
OF MATTER
- Properties that
become evident
when it changes
to a new
substance
HOW CAN WE CLASSIFY density
MATERIALS BY THEIR
DIFFERENT CHARACTERISTICS?
Melting point
solubility
and boiling
point
1.
density

lower density →float,

higher density →sink
2. Melting point and boiling point

Ice melts
at 0oC

water boils
Iron melts at 1536oC at 100oC
3.
solubility

Ability of
substance to
dissolve in a
given amount of
solvent to form a
solution
Solubility → depends
on the physical and
chemical properties of
its solute and solvent
 5.2 THREE STATES OF MATTER
1)Characteristic
2)Diffusion rate
3)Changes in the state
4)Examples of change of
state of matter
 MATTER
Made up of tiny particles which are
discrete and always moving around
 STATES OF MATTER

solid liquid gas

What is the substance
that exists in all three
states naturally?
What is the substance
that exists in all three
states naturally?

WATER
What is the substance
that NOT exists in all
three states naturally?
What is the substance
that NOT exists in all
three states naturally?

SUN
HEAT IS SUPPLIED

COOLED
COMPARISON OF CHARACTERISTICS OF THREE STATES OF MATTER
SOLID LIQUID GAS
MOVEMENT OF VIBRATE IN FIXED MOVE MOVE
PARTICLES POSITION RANDOMLY RANDOMLY AND
FAST
SHAPE AND FIXED VOLUME TAKE THE SHAPE TAKE THE SHAPE
VOLUME OF THE COTAINER AND FOLLOW THE
BUT FIXED VOLUME OF THE
VOLUME CONTAINER
MASS FIXED MASS FIXED MASS NO FIXED MASS
COMPRESSIBILITY INCOMPRESSIBLE DIFFICULT TO COMPRESSIBLE
COMPRESS
 SOLID LIQUID GAS
MOVEMENT OF VIBRATE IN FIXED MOVE MOVE
PARTICLES POSITION RANDOMLY RANDOMLY AND
FAST
 SOLID LIQUID GAS
SHAPE AND FIXED VOLUME TAKE THE SHAPE TAKE THE SHAPE
VOLUME OF THE COTAINER AND FOLLOW
BUT FIXED THE VOLUME OF
VOLUME THE CONTAINER
 SOLID LIQUID GAS
COMPRESSIBILITY INCOMPRESSIBLE DIFFICULT TO COMPRESSIBLE
COMPRESS
Activity 5.5
Which state of
matter represents
your group?
DIFFUSION RATE IN
THREE STATES OF
MATTER
DIFFUSION
Process in which the
particles of substances
diffuse from high
concentration
area to a low
concentration
area
IN A SOLID
Rate of diffusion of particles → is slow
OBSERVATION
Gel turns
blue after a
few days
IN A LIQUID
Rate of diffusion of particles → higher than in solid
OBSERVATION
Water turns
purple after
two hours
IN A GAS
Rate of diffusion of particles → is the highest
OBSERVATION
Brown colour
bromine vapour
spreads evenly
throughout the
gas jar in a few
minutes
The smell
spreads
because its small
discrete particles
travels with the
air particles.
Diffusion has just
occured
CHANGES OF THE STATE OF MATTER CAUSED BY THE
ABSORPTION AND THE RELEASE OF HEAT BASED ON
KINETIC THEORY OF MATTER
MELTING
• Solid → liquid
• Absorbs heat
BOILING
• Liquid → Gas
• Occur at boiling point
• Absorbs heat
EVAPORATION
• Liquid → Gas
• Occur at any temperature
• Absorbs heat (surrounding)
CONDENSATION
• Gas → Liquid
• Occur at equal or below BP
• Release heat
FREEZING
• Liquid → solid
• Occur at freezing point
• Release heat
SUBLIMATION
• Gas → solid @ solid → gas
CHECK YOUR ANSWER..

Summative
practice
5
1) a Liquid
Stone
gas
b coffee and stones
c The particles in the stones only vibrate and rotate at
its position while air particles move randomly and
collide with one another with high kinetic energy
2) P Only rotates and vibrates in its position because the
empty space between the marbles are very small
Q moves, slides and collides with one another as it has
more empty spaces compared to P
R Moves randomly, collides with one another at a high
speed as there is a lot of empty space between the
marbles
2) bi Gas is compressed at a very high pressure. Its volume
becomes smaller and the arrangement of particles
becomes closer, thus, the state of matter changes
from gas to liquid
bii When the pressure inside the barrel is reduced when
gas exits the barrel, the volume becomes higher and
the arrangement of particles becomes far apart from
one another. Thus, the state of matter changes back
from liquid to gas
3) a i gas
ii solid
iii liquid

b The liquid soap will change into gas. The strong wind
from the blowing will produce pressure and cause the
liquid particles to move far apart from each other.
Finally, the liquid soap will change to gas
4 a The air particles are compressed closer to each other
b Tan’s action is correct as it can cause the tyre to
expand during hot weather and explode
c The air inside the tyre contracts when it is cold
because heat is released and this will cause the
particles of the gas to move closer to one another
and flatten the tyre
5) a - Salt and tea leaves should be put into water.
- Salt will dissolve in water while the tea leaves will
float on the water surface.
- To separate salt and tea leaves, filter the mixture.
- The tea leaves will be left on the filter paper and
can be left to dry.
- Salt water as the filtrate can be evaporated to
obtain salt crystals
6) a - Pour the seawater into the container
- Put the glass at the centre of the container
- Close the container with the plastic wrap
- Put the stone at the centre of the plastic wrap
- Leave the container under the sun
- After an hour, small and clear droplets will be
produced on the plastic wrap and drop into the
glass
b Taste the liquid formed. If it is tasteless, the liquid is
pure and drinkable