- WORKS OF RIZAL -

( Finals )

SUBMITTED BY:
Ms. Judy R. Riano

Second Year - Education

Major in Science

SUBMITTED TO:
Mr. Yuri R. Sedurante

LECTURER
- RIZAL ANCESTRAL FAMILY TREE -
 - EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND -

Rizal’s first teachers:

1.Dona Teodora

- was his mother she was patient, conscientious and , understanding

- she discovered that her son had a talent for poetry

- she encouraged him to write poems

2. Private Tutors of Rizal

- Maestro Celestino

- Maestro Lucas

- Leon Monroy

Rizal goes to Binan,Laguna:

- June, 1869 Rizal left for Binan

- Was accompanied by Paciano his older brother

- He was taught by Maestro Justiniano

- In academic studies, Rizal beat all Binan boys

- He surpassed them all in Spanish, Latin, and other subjects

Life and Studies in Ateneo

- Ateneo De Municipal established by the Jesuits

- Rizal entered in 1872

- He belonged to the class composed of Spaniards, mestizos and Filipinos

- His teacher was Fr. Jose Bech

- He was considered as an inferior and was placed at the buttom of the class

- By the end of the month he became the emperor and received a prize, a
religious picture

- To improve his Spanish Rizal took private lessons in Santa Isabel College

- During his 4th year in Ateneo he received 5 medals and graduated as

sobresaliente

- He graduated on March 23, 1877(16 years old)

- Received the degree of bachelor of arts, with highest honors not a valedictiorian

Extra Curricular Involvement

- an emperor inside the classroom

- campus leader

- active member and became a secretary, the Marian Congregation Religious

Society

- member of the Academy of Spanish Literature and the Academy of Natural

Sciences

- poet

- studied painting under the famous Spanish Painter, Agustin Saez

- improved his sculpture talents under the supervision of Romualdo de Jesus

- engaged in gymnastics and fencing and continued the physical training under his
sports-minded Tio Manuel.

Medical Studies in University of Sto. Thomas (1877-1882)

- After graduating , he continued his education at UST

- He finished a year in Philosophy and Letters

- He decided to shift to a medical course

- UST was under the Dominicans , rival of the Jesuits in education

- Remained loyal to Ateneo participated in extracurricular activities in Ateneo and

completed a course in surveying

- As a Thomasian he won more literary laurels

- During his first term in 1877-1878 in UST, he studied Cosmology, Metaphysics ,

Theodicy and History of Philosophy.

- It was during the school term 1878-1879 that Rizal pursued his studies in
medicine

Reasons why Rizal wanted to study Medicine:

- He wanted to be a physician so that he could cure his mother’s failing eyesight

- Fr. Pablo Ramon, the Father Rector of Ateneo whom he consulted for a choice of
career, finally answered his letter , and recommended medicine
Pre- Med Course

- Curso de Ampiacion or Advanced course in Physics, Chemistry and Natural

History.

- Out of the 28 young men taking Ampliacion only four including Rizal were
granted the privilege of taking simultaneously the preparatory course and the first
year of medicine

- Rizal also received his four year practical training in medicine at the Hospital de
San Juan de Dios in Intramuros

- During his last year at the University, Rizal had obtained the global grade of
Notable(Very Good) in all of his subjects, and he was the second best student in a
decimated class of seven who passed the medicine course. After which, Rizal
decided to study in Spain.

Academic Journey To Spain ( 1882-1885 )

- His departure for Spain was kept secret from Spanish Authorities, friars and even
his parents especially his mother because she would not allow him to go

- To avoid detection , he used the name Jose Mercado

- On May 3, 1882 he boarded on Salvadora bound for Singapore where he was the
only Filipino passenger

- On November 3, 1882, he enrolled in Universidad Central de Madrid taking up

two courses: Philosophy an Letters and Medicine

- On June 21, 1884 , he conferred the degree of Licentiate in Medicine

- The Following academic year , he studied and passed all subjects leading to the
degree of doctor of medicine

- Unfortunately, he was not able to submit the thesis required for graduation nor
paid the corresponding fees
- With that, he was not awarded his Doctor’s Diploma

- Jose Rizal also finished his studies in Philosophy and Letters with higher grades

- He was awarded the Degree of Licentiate in Philosophy and Letters by the

Universidad Central de Madrid June 19, 1885 with the rating of excellent.

Opthalmology studies and travels in Europe

- Jose Rizal went to Paris and Germany in order to specialize in ophthalmology.

Among all branches, he chose this specialization because he wanted to cure his
mother’s failing eyesight.

- In 1885, after studying at the Universidad Central de Madrid, Rizal, who was
then 24 years old, went to Paris to acquire more knowledge in ophthalmology

Rizal friends in Europe:

- Maximo Viola

- Senor Eusebio Corominas

- Don Miguel Morayta

- Dr. Louis de Weckert

- On February 3, 1886, after gathering some experience in ophthalmology, he left

Paris and went to Heidelberg, Germany

- He worked at the University Eye Hospital under the direction of Dr. Otto Becker,
a distinguished German ophthalmologist
- On April 22, 1886, Rizal wrote a poem entitled A Las Flores de Heidelberg (To the
Flowers of Heidelberg) because he was fascinated by the blooming flowers along
the Neckar River, which was the light blue flower called “forget-me-not”.

- On August 14, 1886, Rizal arrived in Leipzig. There, he attended some lectures at
the University of Leipzig on history and psychology

Resons Why Rizal choose to reside in germane longer:

- to gain further his studies in science and languages

- to observe the economic and political conditions of the German nation

- to associate with the famous scientists and scholars

- lastly to publish his novel Noli Me Tangere

Jose Rizal earned a Licentiate in Medicine at the Universidad Central de Madrid,

where he also took courses in philosophy and literature. It was in Madrid that he
began writing Noli Me Tangere. He also attended classes in the University of Paris
and, in 1887, he completed his eye specialization course at the University of
Heidelberg. It was also in that year that Rizal’s first novel was published in Berlin.
 - WRITING'S OF RIZAL;POEMS,NOVELS,ETC -

José Rizal (1861-1896) was a Filipino writer, activist, doctor, and political martyr.
His execution at age 35 for the crime of rebellion was a turning point for the
country he strove to defend with political literature and reform propaganda.
Rizal's prosaic body of work echoes the social inequities and patriotic passion that
would come to define the Philippines at the turn of the 19th century.

Lifetime Literary Accomplishments

Although José Rizal died for his country at a young age, his list of literary works
surpasses many writers who lived a full lifetime. These works are notable for both
their place in Filipino independence and for their beautiful language.

José Rizal Novels

Rizal's most famous novel, Noli Me Tangere, drew attention to the unjust Spanish
rule in the Philippines after its 1887 publication. It is still widely read all over the
world today, as is the novel's sequel, El Filibusterismo (1891). Both books were
originally written in Spanish, but are more frequently published in Tagalog and
English.

 The Social Cancer (original title: Noli Me Tangere (Touch Me Not))

 El Filibusterismo (The Reign of Greed)
 Unfinished: Makamisa (After Mass )

The Plays of José Rizal

Satire was an effective rhetorical device for Rizal's political message. His plays
often portray absurd situations that directly echoed Rizal's criticism of the political
state of the Philippines.

 El Consejo de los Dioses (The Council of the Gods)

 Junta Al Pasig (Along the Pasig)
 San Euistaquio, Mártyr (Saint Eustache, the martyr)
 Por Telefono (By Phone)

Poems by José Rizal

"To the Child Jesus," written by Rizal at age 14, notes the writer's early interest in
Christianity and social inequity. His poems often reflected the dual beauty and
cruelty of his country, leading to Rizal's final poem written just before his
execution, "Mi último adiós" ("My Last Farewell"). The poem was named
posthumously by fellow activist Mariano Ponce after the writing was found in
Rizal's cell.

 "Farewell to 1883"
 "Por la Educación Recibe Lustre la Patria" (Through Education Is the Nation
Glorified)
 "Sa Aking mga Kabata" (To My Fellow Youth)
 "Mi último adiós" (My Last Farewell)
 "Un Recuerdo A Mi Pueblo"
 "Felicitation"
 "Flower Among Flowers"
 "Goodbye to Leonor"
 "Himno Al Trabajo" (Dalit sa Paggawa; Hymn to Labor)
 "Himno Al Talisay" (Hymn to Talisay)
 "Kundiman"
 "Mi Retiro"
  "El Canto del Viajero" (The Song of the Wanderer)
 "To the Child Jesus"
 "To the Virgin Mary"
 "Agua y Fiego" (Water and Fire)
 "Me Piden Versos" (They Asked Me for Verses)

Musical Compositions

When José Rizal wasn't practicing medicine or leading a political revolution, he

was composing music. He often transformed his poems into musical lyrics. Some
of Rizal's compositions have been adapted into longer pieces by later generations.

 Kundiman ni Rizal
 Alin Mang Lahi
 Leonor

Speeches and Petitions

In 1880s and 1890s Philippines, art and politics went hand in hand. Rizal belonged
to a group of activist artists that spoke up against tyrannical rule with their
writing, music, and art. His speeches honor his friends and compatriots who
fought alongside Rizal for Filipino freedom.

 In honor of two Filipino painters, Rizal's toast to Luna and Hidalgo

 Rizal's speech delivered at Cafe Habanero
 Petition of the town of Calamba
 Order of the Marquis of Malinta
 Advertisement
Historical Commentaries

Rizal was an adept historian and could read in Spanish, Italian, English, German,
French, and Tagalog. His numerous commentaries on historical works provide a
fascinating look at the Philippines just before the 20th century.

 Ma-Yi
 Tawalisi of Ibn Batuta
 Filipinas Dentro de Cien Años (The Philippines A Century Hence)
 Sobre La Indolencia De Los Filipinas (The Indolence of the Filipino)
 Manila en el mes Diciembre, 1872 (Manila in the Month of December,
1872)
 Historia de la Familia Rizal de la Calamba (The History of the Rizal Family of
Calamba)
 Los Pueblos del Archipelago Indico (The People of the Indian Archipelago)
 La Politica Colonial on Filipinas (Colonial Policy in the Philippines)
 Rizal's Annotations to Morga's 1609 Philippine History

Letters and Petitions

Rizal's correspondence was no less prolific than his literary or political writing.
Many scholars believe that the best way to understand Rizal as a political figure
and personality is by reading his extensive letters and petitions. He wrote back
and forth with fellow activists, family members, friends Ferdinand Blumentritt and
Leanor Rivera, and his love, Josephine Bracken.

 Tribute to Blumentritt (written on the day of Rizal's execution)

 Sa Mga Kababaihang Taga Malolos (To the Young Women of Malolos)
 A los Filipinos (To the Filipinos)
  Rizal's Letters (composed of correspondence to Blumentritt, Father Pablo
Pastells, Marcelo del Pilar, and other activists)

Articles and Essays

Most of José Rizal's body of writing can be found in his articles and essays.
Published in reform newspaper La Solidaridad and as political circulars, Rizal's
essays did not shirk from expressing his admiration for the Filipino people and his
scorn for their Spanish oppressors. It was these works that caught the attention of
the Spanish government, who ultimately imprisoned Rizal for writing rebellious
works.

 "El Amor Patrio" (The Love of Country)

 "Come se gobiernan las Filipinas" (Governing the Philippine islands)
 "Revista De Madrid" (Review of Madrid)
 "Los Viajes" (Travels)
 "La Verdad Para Todos" (The Truth for All)
 "Unfortunate Philippines"
 "Pensamientos De Un Filipino" (Reflections of a Filipino)
 "Note on the Maremagnum"
 "Los Agricultores Filipinos" (Filipino Farmers)
 "Sa Mga Kababayan" (To My Countrymen)
 "Una Visita A La Victoria Gaol" (A Visit to Victoria Gaol)
 "A La Defensa" (To La Defensa)
 "How to Deceive the Native Land"
 "To Barrantes on the Tagalog Theater"
 "Una Profanacion" (A Desecration/A Profanation)
 "Verdades Nuevas" (New Facts/New Truths)
 "Crueldad" (Cruelty)
 "Diferencias" (Differences)
 "Inconsequencias" (Inconsequences)
 "Llanto Y Risas" (Tears and Laughter)
 "Ingratitudes" (Ingratitude)
 "Cosas de Filipinas" (Things About the Philippines)
 "Sobre La Nueva Ortografia De La Lengua Tagala" (On The New
Orthography of The Tagalog Language)
 "A La Nacion Espanola" (To the Spanish Nation)
 "Defensa Del Noli" (Reply to Barrantes' Criticism of the Noli Me Tangere)
 "Nameless"
 "Let Us be Just"
 "Philippine Affairs"
 "More on the Negros Affair"
 "Cowardly Revenge"
 "A Reply to Mr. Isabelo de los Reyes' Las Luchas de Nuestros Dias"
 "How the Philippines is Governed"

 "On the Calamba Incidents"

 "Ang Mga Karapatan Ng Tao" (The Rights Of Man)
 "Executives of the town of Calamba"
 "Colonisation Du British North Borneo, Par De Familles De Iles Philippines"
(Colonization Of British North Borneo By Families From The Philippine
Islands)
 "Proyecto De Colonization Del British North Borneo Por Los Filipinos"
(Project Of The Colonization Of British North Borneo By The Filipinos)
 "La Instruccion" (The Town Schools in the Philippines)
 "La Mano Roja" (The Red Hand)
 "Pobres Frailes" (Poor Friars)
 "By-laws of the Association of Dapitan Farmers"
 "Date for My Defense"
 "Additions to My Defense"
 "Manifesto to some Filipinos"
 "The Philippines as a Spanish Colony"
  "Notes on Melanesia, Malaysia, and Polynesia"
 "Constitution of La Liga Filipina"
 "La Vision Del Fray Rodriguez" (The Vision of Fr. Rodriguez)
 "Estado de religiosidad de los pueblos en Filipinas" (The Religiosity of the
Filipino People)

Learn More About José Rizal

José Rizal's life and works are an inspiration for freedom fighters everywhere. His
passionate writing and political execution at 35 established his enduring legacy as
a national hero in the Philippines. Rizal led a tumultuous life of rebellion and
sacrifice, marked by the social inequities that bolstered his people into revolution.
If you'd like to learn more, check out a timeline of José Rizal's life that details
important events and historical milestones.