Observation Skill - Dr. Zhijiang Chen - S Chinese Herbal Remedies Series - Book Contains Eye-Ology, Nail Observation, and Tongue Observation Skills.

Dr.
Zhijiang Chen’s Chinese Herbal Remedies Series

Observation Skills
Acknowledgment
Thanks to all the teachers who helped develop my knowledge and cultivate
my TCM thoughts. Thanks to Dr. Jinhua Xie for his guidance. Thanks to my
co-workers for their suggestions. Thanks to all the students who inspired me
to do further studies on Chinese Herbal Remedies. Thanks to my clients for
their encouragement and understanding. Thanks to my friends for their help.
Thanks to my family members for their understanding and full support for all
these years!
About the Author
Zhijiang Chen (C J) received Traditional Chinese Medicine training from Dr.
Chenji Yao, Director of Chinese Medicine Kunming City Hospital, China
from 1974-1976. He received the Degree of Medicine Diplomate in
Traditional Chinese Medicine from Beijing College of Traditional Chinese
medical degree program Medicine's five year in1979-1983. He worked at
Zhong Guan Cun hospital ten years as the Doctor-in-Charge of Acupuncture
and Traditional Chinese Medicine granted by the Haidian District
Intermediate Level Professional Technical Occupation Evaluation Committee
of the Beijing Science and Technology Cadre Bureau, Beijing, China on July
31st, 1991. He received NCCAOM Diplomate in Acupuncture and Chinese
Herbology in the United States in 1998. He received a Master Degree in
Oriental Medicine from the Midwest College of Oriental Medicine, IL in
2007. He received a Doctoral Degree in Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine
(DAOM) from the Midwest College of Oriental Medicine, IL in 2011. He
worked for Ton Shen Health, Chicago IL from 1998-2003. He has been
teaching Chinese Herbal Medicine and Acupuncture at the Midwest College
of Oriental Medicine since 2003. He has an acupuncture license in Illinois
and Wisconsin. He has a private practice in Naperville, and downtown
Chicago, IL, USA. (www.cjherbalremedies.com)
Zhijiang Chen (C J)
BS. MSOM, DAOM. Acupuncture & Chinese Herbology (NCCAOM), L.
Ac.
Copyright © 2014 Zhijiang Chen. All rights reserved.
No part of this publication to be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or
transmitted in any form or by any electronic, photocopying, recording,
mechanical, or other means, without the prior permission of the author.
Table of Contents
Part One: Eye-ology 4

Chapter One: Iridology 4
Section One: Basic Information 4
Section Two: Iris 12
Section Three: Color of Iris 16
Section Four: Color Radiate Lines of Iris 18
Section Five: Cracking Lines of Iris 19
Section Six: Spots of Iris 20
Section Seven: Rings of iris 25
Section Eight: Iridology of Seven Zang Organs Patterns 31
Chapter Two: Pupils 37
Section Two: Abnormal Indication 38
Chapter Three: Crystalline Lens 40
Chapter Four: Sclera-ology 42
Part Two: Nail Observation 54
Chapter One: Basic Information of Nail 54
Section One: Basic Physical Information of Nail 54
Section Two: Indication of Nail Location 56
Section Three: Methods of Check Nail 58
Chapter Two: Abnormal Nail Condition 59
Section One: Abnormal Nail Shape 59
Section Two: Abnormal Nail Surface 61
Section Three: Abnormal Nail Property 61
Section Four: Abnormal Nail Moon 62
Section Five: Abnormal Nail Color 63
Section Six: Abnormal Nail Margin 64
Section Seven: Common Nail Diseases 64
Part Three: Tongue Body 67
Chapter One: Tongue Body Observation 67
Section Two: Tongue Color 71
Section Three: Tongue Shape 74
Section Four: Tongue Surface 81
Section Five: Tongue Situation 87
Section Six: Tongue Property 88
Part Four: Tongue Coating 91
Chapter One: Color of Tongue Coating 91
Section One: White Coating 91
Section Two: Gray Coating 96
Section Three: Yellow Coating 97
Section Four: Brown Coating 99
Section Five: Dark Coating 100
Chapter Two Shape of Tongue Coating 101
Section One: Thin Coating 101
Section Two: Thick Coating 101
Section Three: Whole and Full Tongue Coating 101
Section Four: Partial Coating 102
Section Five: Peeling Coating 102
Section Six: Map Coating 103
Section Seven: Increase up Amount of Coating 103
Section Eight: Decrease Amount of Coating 104
Chapter Three Property of Tongue Coating 105
Section One: Moisture Coating 105
Section Two: Dry Coating 105
Section Three: Curdy Coating 105
Section Four: Greasy Coating 106
Section Five: Fake Coating 106
Section Six: True Coating 107
Section Seven: Fresh Coating 107
Section Eight: Old Coating 108
Section Nine: Low Level Hue of Coating (Dull) 108
Section Ten: High level Hue of Coating (Shining) 108
Reference 109
Dr. Zhijiang Chen’s Chinese Herbal Remedies Series
Observations Skills
Part One: Eye-ology
Chapter One: Iridology
Section One: Basic Information
1. Definition of eye
According to the (http://en.wikipedia.org), [1] the eyes are sense
organs; the eyes are a complex system to collect lights from the
environment. The eye has simple photoreceptors in conscious
vision to connect light from the environment movement that detect
sun light and artificial light then transfer outside lights into electro-
chemical impulses in nerve meridians; this electro-chemical
impulses material become information impulses message material;
the information impulses message material through an adjustable
assembly of tissues to form an image, the eye tissue converts this
image into a group of electrical signals and transmits these signals
to the brain. The brain will process this image information to make
response action.
The main function of eye is receiving lights, the eye is one of main
organ to directly collect light beside skin, the light will support
inside of life yang energy, and the light is one of main yang energy
material. The eye has yang in the yin character, the eye is
surrounding by body liquid (tear), and the tear will isolate light
heat and reject light heat on outside of eye, but the tear will allow
the light frequency material go through the eye tissue and get into
deep eye area.
The crystal lens is yin and moisture property material, the crystal
lens is isolate inside life light heat and contain life light heat in the
inside of eye or brain, but the crystal lens will allow the life light
frequency material go through the eye tissue, and get out to the
outside environment area to communicate with other life. The tear,
cornea and crystal lens are yin property tissue. The iris is yang
property tissue.
The eye is related to whole body, the eye is related to all other
organs; but the eye is mainly related to heart, brain, kidney yang
and liver. The eye can reflect soul energy qi and conscious energy
qi activity. The eye activity has timing; it has opening and closing
time; usually is opening during the day time, and closing during
the night time.
The eye is yang in the yin property. The yang property is iris;
retina, sun light, artificial light, life energy light. The yin tissue
and material is cornea, crystalline lens, vitreous humor, eye
surface and internal liquid.
2. Definition of iris
According to the (http://en.wikipedia.org), [2] the iris is a thin,
circular, muscle and color pigment material structure as colored
curtain in the front eye, the anterior surface of iris projects as the
dilator muscles, the opening of the iris forms the pupil; the iris is
responsible for controlling the diameter and size of the pupils, and
manage the amount of light reaching the retina by go through
cornea. The outer edge of the iris is root; it is attached to the sclera
and the anterior ciliary muscle.
The iris is divided into two major regions: “The pupillary zone is
the inner region whose edge forms the boundary of the pupil. The
ciliary zone is the rest of the iris that extends to its origin at the
ciliary body.” [3]
The iris color is a highly complex phenomenon; the iris is a

strongly pigmented tissue, the iris’s colors ranging from brown to
green, blue, grey, and hazel. There is only one pigment that
contributes to normal human iris color that is dark pigment-
melanin; the dark color’s huge molecule is only slightly different
from skin and hair. There are three types iris color in the human
eye, there are blue, brown and mixed color.
The average diameter of an iris is 11.8mm, with the majority of the
population falling between 10.2mm and 13.00mm, on the larger
end (http://wiki.answers.com [4]).
Suggestion average diameter of iris is around 10mm.
3. Definition of iridology
According to the (http://en.wikipedia.org), [5] and

(http://www.ombai.com), [6] iridology is an alternative medicine
technique whose proponents claim that patterns, colors, and other
characteristics of the iris can be examined to determine
information about a patient's systemic health. Practitioners match
their observations to iris charts, which divide the iris into zones
that correspond to specific parts of the human body.
Iridologists use the charts to “distinguish between healthy systems
and organs in the body and those that are overactive, inflamed, or
distressed. Iridologists believe this information demonstrates a
patient's susceptibility towards certain illnesses, reflects past
medical problems, or predicts later health problems”.
4. Definition of Dr. Chen style iridology
Dr. Chen style iridology is based on the Dr. Bernard Jensen

iridology [7] as foundation, and add his Chinese Herbal Remedies
theory into iridology reading to develop new way to study iris
information, to enhance Chinese Herbal Remedies observation
skill level; and try to develop whole level of Chinese Herbal
Remedies in theory and practice. After integrate Dr. Bernard
Jensen iridology knowledge into Chinese Herbal Remedies field, it
will help practitioner find more high value information, special for
potential and hiding severe condition and it will have high value
for prevention of Chinese Herbal Remedies.
One of principle of Dr. Chen style iridology is focus find pathogen
property and degree condition, which is more important than find
pathogen location.
5. Why we are looking for the eye?
Eye is yin liquid around warm and frequency yang property ball.
Eye is part of head and brain tissue, and head is command
department of life. Eye is a black hole of life. Iris is yang property
material. Iris size is between micro with macro.
When the body good yang qi finished function, the good yang qi
becomes waste dry heat. This waste dry heat usually is absorbed
by dark matter material, the dark matter particle will gather
together to form a black hole. This is way dry heat stores in body,
and then accumulates to pathogen dry heat. Pathogen dry heat
(black hole) hides, stagnates, and generates in the deep body.
Iris is a color curtain at front of eye, any abnormal pathogen heat

disturbed or obstructed inside of life light, it will create shadow
figures (Pi Ying) on the iris, the shadow figures will reflect what
kind problems, which stage of the problems, and where are
problems.
The pathogen dry heat black hole will reflect to the iris color’s
curtain as spots, ring, or different color light. It is a minimized
picture of whole body health condition map.
It is opportunity to determine the history, current and future health
problems.
The Dr. Chen style iridology is focus on searching pathogen of dry
heat condition
6. Methods & organ’s location of iris reading

6.1 Symmetrical reading
6.1.1 Upper iris reflect upper body area
Head, brain, eye, ear, nose, mouth, tongue, face.

Neck, thyroid, throat, spirit heart, cervical vertebra, upper
esophagus and windpipe.
Shoulder, arm, hands, chest, breast, low esophagus and windpipe,
upper thoracic vertebra
Lung, diaphragm, heart.
6.1.2 Middle iris reflect middle body area

Stomach, pancreas, small intestine, gallbladder, upper abdominal,
liver, spleen, large intestine, adrenal gland (kidney yang), kidney
Yin, low back/waist, lumbar vertebra.
6.1.3 Lower iris reflect lower body area

Low abdominal, rectum, anus, bladder area. Prostate, testicular,
ovary, uterine, sex organs area. Hip, thigh, knee, leg, ankle and
foot area.
6.1.4 Left side iris reflect left side body area

6.1.4.1 Left side Shao Yin circle area iris reflect left side body area
The 12-1 o’clock regions are reflecting to neck, thyroid, throat,
spirit heart area.
The 1-2 o’clock regions are reflecting to left shoulder, diaphragm,
and stomach area.
The 2-3 o’clock regions are reflecting to left large intestine, small
intestine, heart area.
The 3-4 o’clock regions are reflecting to left inner upper
abdominal area
abdominal area
abdominal area
6.1.4.2 Left side Tai Yin circle area iris reflect left side body area
The 12-1 o’clock regions are reflecting to left middle head, eye to
mouth level, such as left face, right eye, nose, mouth, and ear area.
The 1-2 o’clock regions are reflecting to left elbow, arm area.
The 2-3 o’clock regions are reflecting to left lung, pancreas area.
The 3-4 o’clock regions are reflecting to left middle abdominal
area
The 4-5 o’clock regions are reflecting to spleen, left ovary, kidney
yin, kidney yang area.
The 5-6 o’clock regions are reflecting to left hip, low abdominal,
testicular, bladder, uterine area.
6.1.4.3 Left side Jue Yin circle area iris reflect left side body area
The 12-1o’clock regions are reflecting to left brain area
The 1-2 o’clock regions are reflecting to left hand area
The 2-3 o’clock regions are reflecting to left upper hypochondria
area
The 3-4 o’clock regions are reflecting to left lower hypochondria
area
The 4-5 o’clock regions are reflecting to left lower abdominal area
The 5-6 o’clock regions are reflecting to left knee, leg, and ankle
and foot area.
6.1.5 Right side iris reflect right side body area

6.1.5.1 Right side Shao Yin circle area iris reflect right side body area
The 12-11 o’clock regions are reflecting to neck, thyroid, and
throat area.
The 11-10 o’clock regions are reflecting to right shoulder,
diaphragm, and stomach area.
The 10-9 o’clock regions are reflecting to right large intestine,
small intestine area.
The 9-8 o’clock regions are reflecting to right inner upper
abdominal area
abdominal area
abdominal area
6.1.5.2 Right side Tai Yin circle area iris reflect right side body area
The 12-11 o’clock region is reflect to right middle head, eye to
mouth level, such as right face, right eye, nose, mouth, and ear
area.
The 11-10 o’clock region is reflect to right elbow, arm area.
The 10-9 o’clock region is reflect to right lung, chest, and small
intestine area.
The 9-8 o’clock region is reflect to right middle abdominal area
The 8-7 o’clock region is reflect to liver, gallbladder, right ovary
area.
The 7-6 o’clock region is reflect to right hip, testicular, bladder,
uterine area.
6.1.5.3 Right side Jue Yin circle area iris reflect right side body area
The 12-11 o’clock regions are reflecting to right upper head area
The 11-10 o’clock regions are reflecting to right hand area
The 10-9 o’clock regions are reflecting to right upper
hypochondria area
The 9-8 o’clock regions are reflecting to right middle
hypochondria area
The 8-7 o’clock regions are reflecting to right lower hypochondria
area
The 7-6 o’clock regions are reflecting to right knee, leg, ankle and
foot area.
6.2 Upper, middle and lower parts reading

6.2.1 Upper part reading
The upper part is a curve region above 10 – 2 o’clock margins by
horizontal line
The upper part is above diaphragm parts of body
upper thoracic vertebra.
6.2.2 Middle part reading

The middle part is a square with two curve regions, which is
located between 10 – 2 and 8 – 4 o’clock margins by horizontal
lines.
The middle part is between diaphragm with a horizontal line
connect to both anterior superior iliac spines; this horizontal line
will cross middle point of navel connect to pubic bone.
Stomach, pancreas, small intestine, gallbladder, upper abdominal.
Liver, spleen, large intestine.
Adrenal gland (kidney yang), kidney Yin, low back/waist, lumbar
vertebra.
6.2.3 Lower part reading

The lower part is a curve region below 8 – 4 o’clock margins by
horizontal line
The lower part is any organs and tissue below the horizontal line
connects to both anterior superior iliac spines
Low abdominal, rectum, anus, bladder area.
Prostate, testicular, ovary, uterine, sex organs area.
Hip, thigh, knee, leg, ankle and foot area.
6.3 Three Yin region reading
6.3.1 Shao Yin region

The Shao Yin region is 2 - 6 o’clock area
This region is including physical heart, kidney yin and yang;
stomach, bladder, and large intestine.
6.3.2 Tai Yin region

The Tai Yin region is 10 - 6 o’clock area
This region is including lung, pancreas; diaphragm and small
intestine.
6.3.3 Jue Yin region

The Jue Yin region is 10 - 2 O’clock area
This region is including liver, spleen; gallbladder and three jiao.
6.4 Three Yin circles reading
The center of dark circle is representing of pupil

The three rings represent iris regions
6.4.1 Shao Yin circle
The Shao Yin circle is internal ring
This Shao Yin circle is including physical heart, kidney yin and
yang; stomach, bladder, and large intestine.
spirit heart area.
The 11-10 o’clock regions are reflecting to diaphragm, stomach
area
small intestine area
The 9-8 o’clock regions are reflecting to right inner middle
abdominal area
The 8-7 o’clock regions are reflecting to right inner lower
abdominal, ovary, and right kidney yin and kidney yang area.
The 7-6 o’clock regions are reflecting to right hip, right testicular,
bladder, uterine, ovary.

area
The 1-2 o’clock regions are reflecting to diaphragm, stomach area
The 3-4 o’clock regions are reflecting to left inner middle
abdominal area
The 4-5 o’clock regions are reflecting to left inner lower
abdominal, spleen, ovary, and left kidney yin and kidney yang
area.
The 5-6 o’clock regions are reflecting to left hip, left testicular,
bladder, and uterine area.
6.4.2 Tai Yin circle
The Tai Yin circle is middle ring
This Tai Yin circle is including lung, pancreas; diaphragm and
small intestine.
The 12-11 o’clock regions are reflecting to right middle head, eye
to mouth level, such as right face, right eye, nose, mouth, and ear
area.
The 11-10 o’clock regions are reflecting to right shoulder area
The 10-9 o’clock regions are reflecting to right lung, chest, and
small intestine area.
The 9-8 o’clock regions are reflecting to right middle abdominal
area
The 8-7 o’clock regions are reflecting to liver, right ovary area.
The 7-6 o’clock regions are reflecting to right knee, right
testicular, bladder, uterine area.
The 12-1o’clock regions are reflecting to left middle head, eye to
The 1-2 o’clock regions are reflecting to left shoulder area
The 2-3 o’clock regions are reflecting to left lung, pancreas area.
area
The 4-5 o’clock regions are reflecting to spleen, left ovary area.
The 5-6 o’clock regions are reflecting to left knee, left testicular,
bladder, uterine area.
6.4.3 Jue Yin circle

The Jue Yin circle is external ring.
This Jue Yin circle is including liver, spleen; gallbladder, three
jiao, lymph liquid circulation, skin.
The 12-11 o’clock regions are reflecting to right upper head area
The 11-10 o’clock regions are reflecting to right shoulder area
hypochondria area
area
The 8-7 o’clock regions are reflecting to liver, gallbladder, right
ovary area.
The 7-6 o’clock regions are reflecting to right foot, right testicular,
The 12-1 o’clock regions are reflecting to left brain area

The 1-2 o’clock regions are reflecting to left shoulder area
area
area
The 4-5 o’clock regions are reflecting to spleen, left ovary area.
The 5-6 o’clock regions are reflecting to left foot; left testicular,
6.5 Gaze down from top

Turn the head 90 degree up, the eyes look at the ceiling, then
examine by looking down from the top of one’s body tissue and
organs’ location.
The left side iris will reflect left side tissue, organs’ location.
The right side iris will reflect right side tissue, organs’ location.
The upper side iris will reflect back tissue, organs’ location.
The lower side iris will reflect front tissue, organs’ location.
Section Two: Iris

1. Layer of Iris
1.1 Definition and characters
The layer is a single thickness of a material covering a surface or
forming an overlying part. The layer could be single layer or
multiple layers for the tissue.
The iris has four layers, the first layer response to the heat is white
color; the second layer response to the heat is gray color; the third
layer response to the heat is dark gray color; the forth layer
response to the heat is dark color.
The first layer is yin cold and liquid layer indication
The second layer is blood circulation layer indication, it is yang
layer.
The third layer is lubrication layer indication; it is yin cold and
liquid layer.
The fourth layer is deep and core of yang layer indication
The top layer is yin layer. The deep layer is yang layer
1.2 Practice indication

The pathogen factors attack life body is disturbed physiology functions; the
way of pathogen factors to attack life body has two way to invasion into
body, one way is excess and large amount of pathogen material attack life
body from outside and external area of body; this is calling externally
invasion.
Another way is deficiency and small portion of pathogen material sneak into
body, and hiding in the deep and internal body area, combination with gene
heat or other internal pathogen material to build up strong and excess
attacking ability, waiting for the chance to attack life body from inside area.
This is calling internally invasion.
The external invasion has four stages of attacking procedural, they
are acute, sub-acute, chronic, and degeneration stages.
The internal invasion has five stages of attacking procedural, they
are accumulation, initiation-acute, sub-acute, chronic, and
degeneration stages.
The differentiation of internal invasion is accumulation stage; the
external invasion do not has accumulation stage.
The pathogen factors invasion activity will reflect in the iris tissue, because
the iris is not just shining good yang qi energy; the iris can reflect pathogen
negative heat energy property and location too. By pinpointing the iris layers
with the defects, it is possible to determine the body’s health problems.
1.2.1 Accumulation stage
1.2.1.1 Accumulation stage image indication
High level of condense spots. Long and wide cracking line.

Multiple cracking lines. Multiple types of rings. Turbid and cloudy
crystal lens.
1.2.1.2 Accumulation stage symptoms indication

Dark red color of hand finger, feet toes and hand nail. Dark red
color of small joints. High level of hand and toe nail moon.
Deformation of small joints. Aging spots.
Dry skin, nail, hair, lips, mouth, eye, bottom of feet. Itching,
tingling, burning sensation.
1.2.1.3 Explanation
High level of condense spots is pathogen dry heat accumulated and
stagnated indication.
Long and wide cracking line is chronic dry heat injury body tissue
indication.
Multiple cracking lines is pathogen dry heat affect multiple area of
body tissue.
Multiple types of rings are pathogen dry heat affects multiple
systems of body tissue.
Turbid and cloudy crystal lens is pathogen dry heat injury brain
yin liquid indication.
All symptoms and sign is excess heat and yin liquid deficiency
condition indication.
1.2.2 Initiation – acute stage

1.2.2.1 Initiation – acute stage image indication
An increase in the size of the superficial iris fibers. Superficial iris
fibers change in color to white in the blue. Very light yellow in the
brown iris.
1.2.2.2 Initiation – a cute stage symptoms indication

Discomfort, tiredness, weak, impatient, anxious.
Ache, pain, such as headache, muscle pain, joints pain.
Discharges, such as UTI (kidney-bladder), abnormal virginal
discharge (heart – uterine), diarrhea (kidney yang – large
intestine), skin excretion (liver), nose catarrh condition (lung –
diaphragm).
Fever, hot flush, red face, burning hot feet.
Irritation (acute), such as rash, itching, burning sensation, tingling.
1.2.2.3 Explanation
This is an increase supply of blood liquid; internal pathogen heat;
negative lymph liquid amount; negative nerve meridians dry heat
force level; internal pathogen heat amount and carried to the
circulation area of tissue condition (inflammation condition). This
is an external pathogen bio-heat invasion (Bacterial and virus
invasion) condition.
1.2.3 Sub-acute stage

1.2.3.1 Sub-acute stage image indication
A sub increase in the size of the superficial iris fibers
A sub superficial iris fibers change in color to white in the blue
A sub light yellow in the brown iris
The white or yellow color is less intense

The white color is grayish white
The yellow color is more pigment influenced and cloudy
The fibers are not in the elevated condition
The fibers have receded back into the stroma ( connective tissue
framework of an organ, gland, or other structure).
Reflect less color light
1.2.3.2 Sub-acute stage symptoms indication

Discomfort, tiredness, weak, impatient, anxious.
Aches, pain, such as headache, muscle pain, joints pain.
Discharges, such as UTI (kidney-bladder), abnormal virginal
discharge (heart – uterine), diarrhea (kidney yang – large
intestine), skin excretion (liver), nose catarrh condition (lung –
diaphragm).
Fever, hot flush, red face, burning hot feet.
Irritation (acute), such as rash, itching, burning sensation, tingling.
All above condition is in the sub, less or low degree condition
indication.
1.2.3.3 Explanation
This is a sub increase or reduces supply of blood liquid, internal
pathogen heat amount, negative lymph liquid amount, negative
nerve meridians dry heat force level, internal pathogen heat
amount and carry to the circulation area of tissue (to cause tissue
have inflammation condition) condition.
This is a sub or reduces external pathogen bio-heat (bacterial and
virus) condition.
The body all metabolic rates are still in the sub hyper condition.
But the pathogen dry heat is changed attacking direction, which is
lead all condition in the sub deficiency condition in external area,
full excess condition in the internal area.
1.2.4 Chronic stage

1.2.4.1 Chronic stage image indication
The iris image appears as dark gray in the blue iris eye.
The iris image appears as a dull dark yellow brown in the brown
iris eye.
1.2.4.2 Chronic stage symptoms indication
Fatigue, underweight or lose weight.

Chronic pain, deformation of joints, dehydration condition, such as
dry skin, dry eye, dry hair; atrophy organs. Chronic condition of
severe diagnosis diseases; aging.
1.2.4.3 Explanation
The body metabolic rate is low. The blood liquid decreased due to
the poor flow and stagnant condition. The blood liquid is in the
high level sticky texture condition, which is high risk of blood
clots build condition. The lymph liquid is decrease to the poor
flow and thick condition, which is high level of multiple pathogen
heat pollution. The nerve ability and functions are decreased. The
immune yang and yin system is weakened and shows poor
resistance ability. Body functions are quite sluggish and hypo. The
pathogen dry heat is in the high level of degree. The body is slow
to respond to different remedies.
1.2.5 Degeneration stage

1.2.5.1 Degeneration stage image indication
The image shows disappearance, recession of superficial fibers.
The image is showing as seeking down to low level of iris layer
with dark and black color
1.2.5.2 Degeneration stage symptoms indication

Malignant mass, high blood sugar, multiple joints deformation
with pain, chronic cough and wheezing with shortness, indication
person will soon be flare up of severe diagnosis diseases condition.
1.2.5.3 Explanation
The low layer of iris is deep body area indication
The low layer is pathogen dry heat located in the deep body area
indication
When the multiple pathogen heat is located in the deep body area
that is later stage of disease condition indication, that is later stage
and low level of body immune qi and yin liquid condition
indication.
The dark color is excess, multiple, high level degree of pathogen
heat indication.
This is excess pathogen heat with severe deficiency of good Zhen
Qi and good Zhen yin liquid condition indication
This is very difficult to correct and reverse condition
Section Three: Color of Iris
1. Definition of color
Color has two kind source of material to indication; one is
sunlight. Another is color material pigments. The sunlight is
containing light particle – photon. Common sunlight has red,
orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet of wavelength or
frequency. There is white and dark light in the universe.
The wavelength and frequency is made by different particle of
color; when the earth elements material received all kinds color
light particle, the wavelength and frequency of color particle is
deposited into earth elements; and lost or reduce very high level
movement ability; the color particle become to more steady, less
movement, become to visible from invisible; become to large size
pigment from tiny particle photon.
The photon particle and pigment particle contain energy ability,
the both photon particle and pigment particle has contained warm
and dry, cold and moisture of property, material and information
power. The pigment color material has ability to contain and
shining out warm and dry, cold and moisture of property, material
and information power.
The body color’s information can reflect warm and dry, cold and
moisture both opposite property. The observation color is
becoming to very important measurement skill.
2. Definition of saturation (intensity)
Saturation is a concept and definition for measure amount of
material in the certain and limit size; it is like a bag has 100%
space, it can be use maximum 95% space to hold material; the
saturation degree is 100% when fill 95% material in the bag. The
saturation is describing how much material in a limit size of
container; the saturation is describing how crowd and condense
condition in the container; the saturation is an indication of contain
and holding ability. This index will reflect texture, power, ability,
amount, activity, intense or not intense, timing, momentum, and
potential energy multiple feature. The saturation is common use
for describing color, liquid, air, space functions and ability.
3. Definition of brightness degree
The bright degree is a measurement definition for the three states
of material; it is measure characters of surface material. The small
amount of material particle gathering together in limit size, the
bright degree will be low; the large amount of material particle
gathering together in same limit size, the bright degree will be
high.
Any material is made by different state material particle; any
material is made by different property of energy; any material
particle is made by sunlight photon particle and pigment material
color particle.
So any material surface and internal side will have color light
particle and light radiate ability; the energy color light can be
radiate to surface from internal area; the surface color character
will be reflect internal area energy condition.
The more amount of energy particle gathering together, the more
amount of color light particle gathering together, the more amount
of color light power will be high, the more high level of bright
degree will be shining on the surface of material.
Also the energy activity direction is toward to the inside, the
surface of material will be less color light particle radiate out to the
surface area, the bright degree level will be low.
The energy activity direction is toward to the outside, the surface
of material will be more color light particle radiate out to the
surface area, and the bright degree level will be high.
There is no science way to measure bright degree in the Chinese
Herbal Remedies; it is relative and compares way to collect
information.
4. Color property
4.1 Warm or light color: Indication of light or excess heat, such as: red,
yellow, orange, and
amber, umber (purple red).
4.2 Cold or Dark color: Indication of severe heat or dry toxic heat such as:
green, blue (light,
dark), greenish black, greenish black with
purple.
5. Common Blue Eye
There are three common colors in the iris; blue color is one of common color
in the iris.
Blue could be an indication of heat and dry properties because the
blue light is located left side of spectrum, it is high frequency light
and color.
Blue could be indication moisture property because blue color is
located and sky, the sky is cold, and the sky is reservoir of water.
The blue color is located in Alaska glacier. (stack ice).
6. Common Brown Eye

This type brown eye is predisposed to blood disorders and imbalances of
different minerals, especially calcium. This type brown eye will be reflecting
circulatory system, liver, spleen, bone marrow, and digestive system and
kidney yang area issues.
Brown color is soil color
Brown color could be an indication of heat and yang properties,
because soil is mother land to make every living thing growth up
and also continually support to survive.
Brown color could be an indication of cooling and yin property,
because soil is located top of the earth, the purpose is receive the
sunlight energy, anything can store the energy will have neutral or
yin property.
Brown color could be an indication of a moisture property.
Because the soil can be store the water underground.
7. Mix Color – Eye Type

7.1 Types of mix color iris
Blue with white, gray, and brown.
Brown with white, orange, amber, and dark.
Orange with brown, blue, and dark.
Mix with over three kinds colors
7.2 Different colors indication

White color indicates excess dry heat in an area of the body
Yellow-white color indicates injury by dry heat in an area of the
body
Yellow color indicates yin liquid deficiency condition. Yellow
color indicates poor kidney function. Yellow sclera (white part of
the eye) indicates gallbladder bile flood condition as jaundice.
Orange color indicates excess dry heat in the liver and pancreas
area, may be indicates high level of blood sugar
Orange color indicates yin liquid deficiency in the liver and
pancreas
Red-brown color indicates degeneration condition
Brown color indicates turbidity, blood heat and poor liver
function.
Black color indicates dying tissue and excesses multiple heat
condition
Section Four: Color Radiate Lines of Iris

1. Definition of color radiate lines
The color radiate line is located on the top surface of iris; color
light running on the surface of iris tissue fiber; color pigment
material running in the iris tissue fiber; good life color light
shining on the surface of iris; pathogen heat color light shining on
the surface of iris.
2. Different shapes of radiate lines
Straight line, curve line, wide (ray) line, fine line, long line, and
short line.
3. Different color’s radiate lines
White color line, gray color line, dark color line, orange color line,
brown color line, and blue color line.
4. Indication of color radiate lines

4.1 Indication of different shapes lines
Straight line is directly excess heat light from organs indication
Curve line is indirectly excess heat light from organs indication
Wide (ray) line is strong and large amount excess heat indication
Fine line is low amount of excess heat indication
Long with fine line is low amount of excess heat located in large
area of body
Long with wide line is large amount of excess heat located in large
area of body
Short with fine line low amount of excess heat located in small
area of body
Short with wide line large amount of excess heat located in small
area of body
4.2 Indication of different color’s radiate lines

White color line is external excess heat indication
Gray color line is internal excess heat indication
Dark color line is internal excess heat with stagnation indication
Orange color line is excess heat located in the half external and
half internal area
Brown color line is excess dry heat with yin deficiency indication
Blue color line is excess dry heat indication
Section Five: Cracking Lines of Iris

1. Definition of cracking lines
The cracking line is resulting from fracture condition, it is usually

related to overheat, over dry and severe dehydration condition to
cause; it is excess dry heat and yin liquid deficiency condition
indication.
The cracking line is coming out from center ring and shoots out to
second or third ring
The cracking line could be showing from second ring or third ring
Most lines are dark color
The dark cracking line is deep layer and internal area indication
Compare cracking line with color radiate line, the cracking line is
already damaged tissue, and the color radiate line is pathogen heat
above the tissue.
2. Different types of cracking lines
Straight, curve, wide (ray), fine, long, short cracking line.
3. Indication different types of cracking lines

Straight cracking line is directly related to cause cracking source
Curve cracking line is indirectly related to cause cracking source
Wide (ray) cracking line is large area yin liquid deficiency and
excess dry heat indication
Fine cracking line is small area yin liquid deficiency and excess
dry heat indication
Long cracking line is cross over two circle area cracking line
Long cracking line is dry heat affect to three circle and three Jiao
area indication
Short cracking line is cross one circle area cracking line
short cracking line is dry heat affect to only one circle and one Jiao
area indication
This is an indication of a dry heat condition.
This is an indication of abnormal light shooting out from the life
center.
Generally, the life light should be distribution as spreading form to
give the body average. and balance degree and intensity light
condition.
It should not be a bundle of high intensity ray shooting out from
the center life ring.
Section Six: Spots of iris

A small mark place of on a surface with surrounding limitation, such as a
circular patch or stain, has different in sharply, layer, color, saturation, and
brightness degree characters. The information is related to Kraus, Ute
(2005-03-20). Step by Step into a Black Hole. [8]
1. Number of spots
Single spot: The single spot is representing single organ, single
system, single area or location has abnormal condition and
situation.
A few spots: A few spots are representing a few organs, a few
systems, a few areas or locations have abnormal condition and
situation.
Multiple spots: The multiple spots are representing multiple
organs, multiple systems, multiple areas or locations have
abnormal condition and situation. The multiple spots can be
become to a spots ring.
Group spots: The groups spots are representing individual organ,
individual systems, individual area or location have abnormal
condition and situation.
2. Shape of spots
Regular shape of spots: water drop, circle, and diamond.
Irregular shape of spots: not straight, uniform, or symmetrical
features.
3. Size of spots
The size is considered a measurement definition; use this
definition to evaluation material surface dimensions, proportions,
and magnitude status.
The common size of spots is small or large; the small spots could
be as needle point; the large spots could be as 5×5 mm² in the iris
area.
Usually the small spot has low or high condense saturation, the
large spot has low or high condense saturation characters.
The small spot with low condense saturation is internal and mild
condition indication
The small spot with high condense saturation is internal and severe
The small spot with low condense saturation and none important
area is internal and mild condition indication
The small spot with high condense saturation and important area is
internal and severe condition indication
The small spot could be external area condition indication
The small spot with none severe symptoms is pathogen heat
accumulation condition
The small spot with severe symptoms is pathogen heat flare up
The large spot with low condense saturation is external and mild
The large spot with high condense saturation is external and severe
The large spot with low condense saturation and none important
area is external and mild condition indication
The large spot with high condense saturation and important area is
external and severe condition indication
The large spot could be internal area condition indication
The large spot without severe symptoms is pathogen heat
accumulation condition
The large spot with severe symptoms is pathogen heat flare up
4. Color of spots
Color has two kind source of material to indication, one is
sunlight, and another is color material pigments. The sunlight is
containing light particle – photon, the common sunlight has red,
The photon particle and pigment particle has contain energy
ability, the both photon particle and pigment particle has contain
warm and dry, cold and moisture of property, material and
information energy power. The pigment color material has ability
to contain and shining out warm and dry, cold and moisture of
property, material and information energy power.
moisture both opposite property condition. The observation color
is becoming to very important observation skill. The common
color of spots is white, yellow, brown, gray, and dark.
The dark color usually is high level and internal of pathogen heat
The gray color usually is low level and internal of pathogen heat
The brown color usually is dry heat condition indication
The yellow color usually is excess heat condition indication
The white color usually is excess dry heat with yin deficiency and
external condition
5. Saturation of spots
saturation degree is 100% when fill 95% material in the bag. The
saturation is describing how much material in a limit size of
container or holder; the saturation is describing how crowd and
condense condition in the container or hold; the saturation is an
indication of contain and holding ability. This index will reflect
texture, power, ability, amount, activity, intense or not intense,
timing, momentum, and potential energy multiple feature. The
saturation is common use for describing color, liquid, air, space
functions.
The high level of saturation is high amount of pathogen heat

The low level of saturation is low amount of pathogen heat
6. Brightness degree of spots

of material; it is measure characters of surface material; the small
high.
color particle.
surface area, the bright degree level will be low. The energy
activity direction is toward to the outside, the surface of material
will be more color light particle radiate out to the surface area, and
the bright degree level will be high.
information.
The high level bright degree of spot is high level of pathogen heat
The low level bright degree of spot is high level of pathogen heat
and located in the internal area condition indication.
The low level bright degree of spot is low level of pathogen heat
and located in the external area condition indication.
7. Location of spots (see method of iris reading)

8. Layer of spots
The layer is a single thickness of a material covering a surface or

forming an overlying part. The layer could be single layer or
multiple layers for the tissue.
The iris has four layers, the first layer response to the pathogen
heat is white color; the second layer response to the pathogen heat
is gray color; the third layer response to the pathogen heat is dark
gray color; the forth layer response to the pathogen heat is dark
color.
The first layer is yin cold and liquid layer
The second layer is blood circulation layer, it is yang layer
The third layer is lubrication layer; it is yin cold and liquid layer.
The fourth layer is deep yang layer
The surface layer of spot is gentle and mild condition indication.
The low condense and low saturation color of surface layer spot is
gentle and mild condition indication. The bottom layer of spot is
critical and severe condition indication.
The high condense and high saturation color of surface layer spot
is critical and severe condition indication
9. Peeling spots
A spot piece of iris surface tissue that has been thrown away
A peeling spot has sought down image compare with other iris
tissue
A peeling spot seek down image has gray, dull gray and dark
different color indication.
The gray color of seek down image is a peeling spot located at
second layer of iris
The dull gray color of seek down image is a peeling spot located at
third layer of iris
The dark gray color of seek down image is a peeling spot located
at fourth layer of iris
The color is more dull or dark, the pathogen heat level is more
serious and condition is more damaged.
The peeling spot is damage from external to internal, from surface
to deep
10. Lesion of spots

10.1 Definition of lesion
Lesion is a wound or injury to living tissue, an localized
pathological change in a bodily organ or tissue, an overheated or
diseased patch of skin, any structural change in a bodily part
resulting from injury or pathogen heat attacking, any localized
abnormal structural change in a bodily part; or spots and lines.
10.2 Characters of lesion

Acute lesion is shape like spot, more fiber lines, and color like
white.
Sub-acute lesion is shape like spot, less fiber lines, and color like
gray.
Chronic lesion is shape like spot, more repair fiber lines, and color
like dark gray.
Degeneration lesion is shape like spot, no fiber lines, and color
like dark.
Open lesion is acute, sub-acute and degeneration lesion
Close lesion is chronic lesion
10.3 Explanation
Acute lesion is early stage of pathogen heat attacking body, so the
color is whiter, the tissue is not damage too much, and that is a
reason to have more fiber lines.
Sub-acute lesion is second stage of pathogen heat attacking body,
so the color is grayer, the tissue is damage a lot, and that is a
reason to have less fiber lines.
Chronic lesion is third stage of pathogen heat attacking body, if the
pathogen heat amount is reduced, the body has a chance to
recovery, so the color is dark gray, the tissue is start recovery, and
that is a reason to have more fiber lines.
Degeneration lesion is fourth stage of pathogen heat attacking
body, if the pathogen heat amount is not reduced, the body do not
has a chance to recovery, so the color is dark, the tissue is not
recovery, and that is a reason to not have fiber lines in the lesion
spot area.
The picture of lesion-cavities figure 7c upper part is acute lesion

indication
The picture of lesion-cavities figure 7a is sub-acute indication
The picture of lesion-cavities figure 7d upper part is chronic lesion
indication
The picture of lesion-cavities figure 7b is degeneration lesion
indication
The picture of lesion-cavities figure 7c and 7d low part is
degeneration lesion indication
11. What are common reasons to cause spots?

The spot is gene heat gather together condition indication as
inherited sign
The spot is after born pathogen heat accumulation and stagnation
The spot is multiple heat accumulation, stagnation and attacking
body condition.
The spot is acute condition indication
The spot is chronic condition indication
The spot is toxic settlement from street drugs
Section Seven: Rings of Iris

The ring is a circular object; it is a circle shape, which is drawn by a radius
revolving around center on the same plane to form a circumference.
1. Skin Circle Rings (Scurf Rim, Ring of Purpose, Anemia)
The skin circle ring is a dark band around the iris edge area, or Jue
Yin Circle area; the dark band could be a narrow or wide
circumference line; the dark band could be disconnect or connect
dark spot and form to a circumference line and circle.
Skin is not functioning properly

Skin does not sweat easily
Skin is lack of detoxification ability
Skin is stored a lot multiple heat material, especially dry heat.
Skin is stored a lot stagnation material, especially heat stagnation.
There is a lot negative property mucous accumulation in the skin
area, such as lymphedema.
It is a sign of kidney yin deficiency
It is a sign of pathogen heat material deposit in the skin, such as
iron deposit at leg skin.
It is a sign of pathogen heat stay away circulation area
It is a sign of pathogen heat move toward to the internal and deep
area of body
It is a sign of chronic condition
It is a sign of accumulation stage condition
It is a sign of anemia condition
It is a sign of bleeding condition
1.3 Explanation of indication
The skin circle ring is located at edge of iris and Jue Yin circle
area that is far away of center of body
That area is reflecting surface of body condition
That area is reflecting internal and deep of body condition
That area is reflecting skin area of body condition
The one important function of skin is holding the body liquid. The
dark band is skin area accumulation heat condition indication, and
the heat is located in the body liquid, if the body liquid is a thin,
easy circulation material will be no stagnation indication. This
dark band is a sign of not easy to circulate body liquid
accumulation in the skin area; this kind stagnation liquid must
have thick, slow running, difficulty circulation characters that is fit
into negative mucus liquid and lymphedema category.
The color of skin circle ring is dark pigmentation material; the
dark color has more ability to absorb heat material. That is a sign
of accumulation multiple heat stagnation.
It is far away center circulation area, it is very small blood vessel
area; if this area has dark or gray color indication, that means a lot
heat hiding in the this area; the stagnation heat will be damage
blood liquid and blood vessel to cause blood liquid deficiency and
easy bleeding condition.
2. Nerve Meridians Ring
(Stress Rings or Rings of Freedom, or Nerve Ring, Cramp Ring,
Autonomic Nerve Wreath)
The nerve meridians ring is drawn by multiple fines, connect or
disconnected, bright white circumference lines, may form to circle,
may form to incompletely circle; Circular arcs or portions of arcs
spread throughout the iris; it is most located at Shao Yin, Tai Yin
and Jue Yin circles.

2.2.1 Shao Yin Circle
Stress, anxiety, panic attack, introvert personality, over thinking,

insomnia, palpitation,
irregular heartbeat, chest pain.

2.2.2 Tai Yin and Jue Yin Circle
Stress, anxiety, introvert personality, over thinking, insomnia.

Muscle tension, stiffness, cramping, burning pain, tingling,
numbness, trembling, jumping, twitching, spasm. Joint pain, nerve
meridians burning pain
It is an internal, chronic, an accumulation stage, a consume yin
liquid, and a dry heat condition indication.
The nerve meridians ring is mainly located at Tai Yin and Jue Yin
circle area, that is most cold and moisture energy area, that is
pathogen dry heat located in the cold and yin liquid area, it will be
damaged cold and moisture energy property and material to cause
all symptoms and signs.
The color of nerve meridians ring is bright, that is light indication
that is light dry heat indication, and the dry heat light will be
damage brain nerve meridian center to cause lack the yin fluid to
lubricate nerve meridians.
3. Cracking Line Ring (Radii Solaris Ring, Asthenic Ridges)
The cracking line is resulting of fracture condition, usually it is related to
overheat, over dry and severe dehydration condition to cause; it is excess
dry heat and yin liquid deficiency condition indication. There are three
kinds cracking line ring.
Large cracking line ring: The cracking line is start at Shao Yin
circle; extend to the Jue Yin circle, even edge of iris; the cracking
line is deep, wide, and dark color at ditch area.
Middle cracking line ring: The cracking line is start at Tai Yin
circle; extend to the Jue Yin circle, even edge of iris with mild
deep, wide, and dark color at ditch area.
Small cracking line ring: The cracking line is start at Shao Yin
circle and stay in the Shao Yin circle; the cracking line is short,
fine, slightly deep, and dark color at ditch area.
Practice indication
Tiredness, low level energy, nervous, depression, irritability,
spasm, trembling, twitch, pain, toxic absorption, dry, Yin liquid
deficiency, dry heat accumulation condition, blood liquid thick
texture, blood stagnation, high blood sugar, high blood pressure,
sclerosis atrophy, Yin deficiency and hyper yang rising, aging dry
heat condition, gene dry heat degeneration, excess dry heat with
yin liquid deficiency, accumulation stagnation heat
(inflammation), accumulation excess stagnation heat flare up or
tendency (infection), accumulation malignant stagnation toxic heat
flare up or tendency (malignant infection), poor digestion, stomach
pain, poor appetite, loose stool, constipation.
The cracking line is excess dry heat result with damaged yin
liquid, organs tissue and extremely dry condition result.
4. Elder Ring (Dry Heat Ring, Sodium Ring, Lipid Ring or Ring of
Determination)
The elder ring is a cloudy dull white gray band around the iris
edge area, or Jue Yin Circle area; the dull white gray band could
be a narrow or wide circumference line; the dull white gray band
could be disconnect or connect form to a circumference line or a
circle.
Practice indication
Arteriosclerosis, cardiovascular, congestion, liver, thyroid, risk of
Parkinson's disease, ache and pain, dry, Yin liquid deficiency and
dehydration, aging, degeneration, excess dry heat, brain yin
deficiency.
General sclerosis, atrophy, spasm, stagnation, good energy
deficiency, bad pathogen heat excess, hyper pathogen heat, low
level storage of good energy, hypo activity of good energy
condition.

The elder ring is located at edge of iris and Jue Yin circle area that
is far away of center of body. That area is reflecting surface of
body, internal and deep of body condition.
The color of elder circle ring is cloudy dull white gray
pigmentation material; this group color is salt, sugar and after fire
burned wood indication; that is excess dry heat indication.
That area is reflecting skin area of body condition
The one of important function of skin is holding the body liquid,

the cloudy dull white gray band is very dry and burned signs of
skin area, that is body surface extremely yin liquid deficiency and
dehydration condition indication. That is reflect internal and deep
body area have very dry and very yin liquid deficiency condition;
the whole body area will be extremely lack yin liquid source from
external area, the brain, pancreas, small intestine, and liver will be
in the very dry and very yin liquid deficiency condition, they can
not fully produce yin liquid and cold energy material. That will be
lead body to have multiple systems problems. Because most
systems are depend on yin liquid to nourish and delivery energy
and information power material.
5. Lesion Spots Ring (Daisy Ring)
The lesion spots ring is multiple peeling spots evenly next each
other become to a circle, the peeling spots may be large, may be
small, may be shallow, may be deep; they are usually located at
Tai Yin circle and Jue Yin circle area.

Chronic high blood sugar, low blood sugar, diabetes, excess dry,
dry heat, Yin deficiency abnormal digestion, poor appetite, loose
stool, constipation, large intestine bleeding, blood in stool (colitis).

A lot lesion spots located in the Tai Yin area. Tai Yin area is
pancreas and small intestine area. The pancreas and small intestine
are both produce good yin liquid organs.
If a lot lesion spots located at Tai Yin circle, that means a lot dry
heat located in the middle jiao yin area, that is yin liquid get
damaged signs.
The excess dry heat and yin liquid deficiency condition can lead to
have all symptoms and signs, even western medicine diagnosis.
6. Lymph Ring (Lymphatic Rosary or Ring of Harmony)

The lymph ring is multiple small dots evenly next each other
become to a circle, the small dots may be white color, may be
yellow color, may be brown color; they are usually located at Tai
Yin circle and Jue Yin circle area.

White ring is excess and dry heat sign.
Yellow ring is excess and damp heat sign.
Brown ring is excess heat sign.
Congestion, internal stagnation, swelling and enlargement of
lymphatic tissues, swollen lymph nodes, lymph edema, immune
yin liquid deficiency, excess dry heat condition.

The colors of small dots are excess of multiple types of heat
pathogens located in the body deep and internal yin liquid area
indication. The small dots are excess heat gather together become
to condense condition indication. The more color of dots is in the
iris, the more good warm and cold energy will be damage and
deficiency. The more color of dots is in the iris; the more pathogen
heat material will be accumulated and stagnated in the body.
7. Hyper Stomach Acid Ring (Over acid stomach)

The hyper stomach acid ring has intense, white and bright light at
inner circle of iris that is Shao Yin circle; the white Shao Yin
circle is bright more than any other portion of the iris in general
condition.

Burping, belching, heartburn, acid reflux, food back up, chronic
vomiting, esophagus narrow, esophagus over open, esophagus
difficulty closing.

When stomach has excess dry heat that ring area will show excess
property as intense, white and bright light characters. When heart
send excess dry heat into stomach that ring area will has excess
pathogen dry heat power to shining out excess yang characters.
8. Hypo Stomach Acid Ring (Under acid stomach ring)

The hyper stomach acid ring has intense, gray and dull light at
inner circle of iris that is Shao Yin circle; the gray Shao Yin circle
is dull more than any other portion of the iris in general condition.

Burping, belching, heartburn, acid reflux, food back up, chronic
vomiting, esophagus narrow, esophagus over open, esophagus
difficulty closing, poor appetite, stomach distension after eating,
underweight (poor small intestine absorption function), loose
stool, tiredness, depression, irregular heart beat with weak pulse,
anemia.

This is hypo condition indication. This hypo condition can be
indicate both direction, either hyper or hypo symptoms. The hyper
symptoms condition is pathogen heat direction still toward to the
external area. The hypo symptoms condition is pathogen heat
direction already toward to the internal area, but both hyper and
hypo are excess conditions, the hyper is excess at external and
deficiency at internal area; the hypo is deficiency at external and
excess at internal area of body.
9. Color Rays Ring

The color rays ring is different color rays radiate out from inner to
the edge of iris, the color rays radiate out from Shao Yin circle to
the Jue Yin circle, it could be radiate out from Tai Yin circle to the
Jue Yin circle.
The color rays could be yellow, brown, white, dark, or other
colors.
The color rays could be straight line, it could be wave line.
The color rays could be fine and narrow, or big and wide.

Red skin, red face, blood heat condition, hiding heat condition,
dryness condition, yin deficiency condition, hot flesh.
9.3 Explanation
The color rays are frequency energy, flame energy; heat and dry
heat property; color light; internal heat radiate out condition
indication.
10. Big dark shadow rays ring

The big dark shadow rays ring is made by multiple different colors
with dull or dark shadow wide light rays; between each of ray has
some distance, like a wheel. The rays are shooting out from circle
center; or from Shao Yin circle inner edge area.

Excess stagnation heat signs, such as red nose, face, fingers and
toes.
Excess dryness signs, such as dry hair, skin, eye, lips, mouth and
nails, nail fungus.
Gene heat indication, such as parent’s severe diagnosis diseases,
like cancer, diabetes.
10.3 Explanation
This is pathogen stagnation heat, heat accumulation, heat
astringent condition indication.
This is pathogen heat black hole material accumulation and
astringent with frequency heat radiate out condition indication
Section Eight: Iridology of Seven Zang Organs Patterns
According to Dr. Zhijiang Chen’s MCOM DAOM capstone “Chinese

Medicine Early Signs of Five Yin Organs Patterns” [9] as reference source,
collect more information; add Kidney yang and spleen organs pattern
information, become to iridology of seven Zang organ’s patterns.
1. Heart
1.1 Heart yang deficiency signs
First ring or Shao Yin circle size is too small

First ring or Shao Yin circle color is dull
Three o’clock and 2-6 o’clock area have shadow spots
This is not enough yang energy to shining iris.

1.2 Heart Qi deficiencies
Three and 4 o’clock area have dull, light shadow spots.
1.3 Heart blood deficiency
Third ring or Jue Yin circle, and three pm area have arc shape,
dark image
Third ring and three pm area have slightly dark spots
The heart area arc dark shadow
The heart area arc dark shadow is poor circulation sign; the heart blood
deficiency condition is the reason that caused the poor circulation sign.
1.4 Heart yin deficiency
First ring or Shao Yin circle area has big cracking line
First ring or Shao Yin circle area has small, short cracking line
This image is indication of first ring heart area have dryness signs; the
radiation and cracking line are dryness signs, which is indication of heart yin
liquid deficiency signs.
1.5 Heart excess heat
First ring or Shao Yin circle has bright yellow or orange light
First ring or Shao Yin circle has more orange and brown light
Third ring or Jue Yin circle and three pm area have condensed
dark spots (heat increase)
First ring or Shao Yin circle has large size (heat increase)
First ring or Shao Yin circle in 3 o’clock area has bright white
light
First ring or Shao Yin circle in 3 o’clock area has slightly or more
yellow light
1.6 Heart Qi stagnation
Third ring or Jue Yin circle and 3 o’clock area have dark shadow
spot
According to physical science information about color temperature indication

“black body temperature is real object color temperature…. black body
temperature must be lower than real temperature of real object……about
object heat transfer character, the darkest surface and roughest surface
object have stronger absorbing and radiation energy ability……” (China Big
Encyclopedia [CBE], 2002, CD No, 3). [10]
Black body absorption heat ability is 100% that means dark spot is heat
indication signs; Dark color indicated dark spot storage and accumulated
more heat material and property; Light color indicated low heat material and
property. So, light spot shadow image indicated low heat, the low heat
indicated less energy qi gathering together. It is low degree level heart qi
stagnation sign.
1.7 Heart blood stagnation
Two to six o’clock and third ring area have arc shape, dark image
Two to six o’clock and third ring area have light dark spot
Blood property indicated more heat signs, because blood is one of the
important energy transfer materials. When blood circulation is slowed down
or blocked, the energy qi will be stagnated; when energy qi stagnated, the
energy qi will lose neutral property and show heat property; the arc shape
dark sign is heart blood stagnated sign.
2. Liver
2.1 Liver Qi deficiency
There are dark color spots and surface tissue lost or peeled sign
located on 10 to 2 o’clock areas of iris
There is small size, light dark color spots and surface tissue lost or
peeled sign, located on 10 to 2 o’clock areas of iris
10 to 2 o’clock area belongs to Jue Yin; when liver have energy qi deficiency
condition, the liver do not have energy qi to repair damage areas, and damage
areas keep open and liver nutrition and spirit materials continually leak out of
the body; the weak liver energy qi cannot repair damage in the liver area, So
the injury area is reflected on the iris, they become abnormal spots. The liver
damage area is continually getting worse; then later, iris area will have large
size spots.
2.2 Liver Blood Deficiency
There are thin, light gray white and pale color circles located on
third ring area of iris
There is a pale, gray white color arc located at the third ring area
The third ring belongs to Jue Yin; when liver have blood deficiency
condition, the first thing of deficiency blood is to lose redness; and body have
pale signs. The signs of thin, light gray white and pale color circle located on
the third ring area of iris indicated liver blood deficiency condition; because
blood lost redness materials, circle color is turning pale.
2.3 Liver Yin Deficiency
There are a few bright circle line located on the iris

There are a few parts of the arc located on the iris; their colors are
dull white and gray.
This is nerve meridian ring; the nerve meridian system is related to liver
tendon, the tendon system needs liver yin liquid to nourish and transfer
information. Nerve meridian system lack liver yin liquid to transfer the
information yang materials, the nerve system yang information material does
not contain in the liver yin liquid, they will show their yang property and
characters, which is light and light frequency; the image has bright circle
lines.
These parts of the arc are beginning liver yin liquid deficiency signs, because
the nerve system did not show circle bright lines, the liver yin liquid still can
cover and contain part of the nerve meridian system. The dull white part arc
line is weak dry heat indication.
2.4 Liver Excess Heat
There is a big brown piece located at 10 to 2 o’clock area of iris

There is a big light brown piece located at 10 to 2 o’clock area of
iris
The 10 to 2 o’clock areas belong to Jue Yin, the brown light is liver excess
heat sign, and the low saturation and low color tone of brown are signs of low
level of liver excess heat sign. These are different level of liver excess heat
indication.
2.5 Liver Damp Heat
There is a yellow dotted circle located on the third ring of iris

There is a big brown piece located on 10 to 2 o’clock areas of iris
There is a very light yellow dotted circle located on the third ring
of iris
The yellow color belongs to damp heat; this is liver damp heat sign.
2.6 Liver Hyper Yang & Yin deficiency with internal wind
There is a pale and gray white circle located on the third ring of
iris
There is a part pale and gray white arc located on the third ring
area of iris
There is turbid and cloudy sign located on the crystalline lens
There are light turbid and cloudy signs located on the crystalline
lens
The pale and gray white circle is sign of iris pigmentation lost, because the
eye is a water ball, when body yin liquid is taken away, heat and dryness are
showing, also the eye ball yin liquid is taken away too. The eye yin liquid is
lost at the same time, and it carried away the iris pigmentation; this leads to
pale, gray white circle condition.
2.7 Liver Cold Stagnation in Meridians
There is a big dark color piece located 10 to 2 o’clock area of iris

This big dark piece is similar to dark clouds; it is cold sign
There is a light dark piece located on the 10 to 2 o’clock area of
iris
2.8 Liver Qi Stagnation
There is a big yellow piece located on the 10 to 2 o’clock area of

iris
There is a small and light yellow piece located on the 10 to 2
o’clock area of iris
This is heat sign, when energy qi gathers together; it will create heat, so the
heat sign is liver Qi stagnation sign.
2.9 Liver Blood Stagnation
There is a very dark, high saturation and condense spot located on

the 10 to 2 o’clock
There are a few light dark, low saturation and low condense spots
located 10 to 2 o’clock area of iris
This is liver blood stagnation sign; blood property indicated more heat signs,
because blood is one of the important energy transfer materials. When blood
circulation is slowed down or blocked, the energy qi will be stagnated; when
energy qi stagnated, the energy qi will lost neutral property and show heat
property; the arc shape dark sign is heart blood stagnated sign.
3. Pancreas
3.1 Pancreas excess dry heat with yin liquid deficiency
There are multiple dark spots around the second ring or Tai Yin
circle
There is multiple light shadow spots located on second ring of Tai
Yin circle
There are multiple cracking lines located on the second ring or Tai
Yin circle
There are a few big dark spots located 10 – 6 clock areas of iris,
the second ring belongs to Tai yin area
All these signs are reflect stomach and other area dry heat in the Tai Yin area
to consume digestion yin liquid.
4. Lung
4.1 Lung qi deficiency
There is a big dark peeling piece located on 10 to 8 o’clock areas

of iris
The second ring or Tai Yin circle has dull and dark colors
This is hand Tai Yin area; this indicates deficiency lung Qi lack energy Qi to
repair lesions.
4.2 Lung Yin Deficiency
There are a few bright, fine circle line located on the second ring
area of iris
There are a few cracking line in the second ring area of iris
There is a single bright, fine circle located on the second ring area
of iris
There are multiple small cracking dots or short lines located on the
second ring area of iris
These are dryness signs and lung yin liquid deficiency conditions.
4.3 Lung Damp Phlegm
There is a dark spot located at 10 to 8 o’clock areas of iris

There is a light dark spot located 10 to 8 o’clock areas of iris
This is old accumulation sign located in the hand Tai Yin area; this is lung
damp phlegm sign.
5. Kidney Yang (adrenal gland)
5.1 Kidney Yang and Qi deficiency
The pupil is enlarged

The pupil is start to enlarged or slightly enlarged
There are big and slightly dark gray spots located 2 to 6 o’clock
area of the iris
The first ring or Shao Yin circle color is dull color
There are a few dark spots located at 6 o’clock area of the iris
There is a big and high condensing dark spot located on 6 o’clock
area of iris
There is a dark piece located at 6 o’clock area of iris
There are a few slightly dark spots located 11-1 o’clock areas of
iris
Kidney yang and qi is in charge of pupil; when the body need more warm
energy, the pupil will open bigger and let sun light get into the body. The
eyes are the main area where the body receives sun light. The deficiency
kidney yang qi lacks energy qi to repair lesions.
6. Kidney Yin (kidney organ)
6.1 Kidney Yin deficiencies
There is multiple cracking lines located on the first and second

ring areas of iris
There is multiple small cracking lines located on the first ring area
of iris
There is a short, gray and white arc located at 3 – 6 o’clock area of
iris
The crystalline lens is cloudy
This is dryness signs; this is kidney yin deficiency signs.

7. Spleen
7.1 Spleen Yin deficiencies
There is a pale and gray white circle located on the third ring of
iris
There is a part pale and gray white arc located on the third ring
area of iris
There is turbid and cloudy sign located on the crystalline lens
There are light turbid and cloudy signs located on the crystalline
lens
There is a pale and gray arc located on the left third ring 3-6
o’clock area
There is a dull and dark arc located on the left third ring 3-6
o’clock area
There is a dark skin ring located on the third ring area
Chapter Two: Pupils
1. Definition of pupils
According to (http://en.wikipidia.org) [11] the human pupil is a
round hole located in the center of the iris, the pupil has
changeable ability to adapt and make suitable to or fit into
environment of sunlight or artificial light condition and situation,
this changeable ability is depend on iris dilator muscle; the iris
dilator muscle is a smooth muscle, it is running radially in the iris,
it is responsible for controlling the diameter and size of the pupil.
There are opening and closing two actions, the opening action
allows more light get into eye, the opening action is cause enlarge
pupil; the closing action is less light get into eye, the closing is
cause shrink the size of pupil.
When the external environment is too dark, or the internal excess
pathogen heat is try to shining out, the iris dilator muscle will have
action of pull muscle back to iris edge area, and pull the iris tissue
back in fold position, radially enlarge the pupil to a big circular
motion, thus temporarily or chronically letting more light reach the
inside eye.
When the external environment is too bright, or internal pathogen
heat is try to astringing and move toward to the internal, deep area
of body, the iris dilator muscle will have action of pull iris into
center direction, and pull the iris tissue in almost close curtain
position, radially minimize the pupil to a small circular motion,
thus temporarily or chronically letting less light reach the inside
eye.
The pupil gets wider in the dark; it can approach the maximum
distance for a wide pupil 4 to 9 mm, the average wide is 6.5mm;
the pupil gets narrow in the light; the pupil diameter can be 3 to 5
millimeters, the average narrow is 4mm.
According to (www.vision.about.com) [12] normal pupil size tends
to range between 2.0 and 5.0 mm depending on the lighting.
Suggestion the ratio of pupil with iris is one to four; for example,
if the diameter of iris is 10mm, the normal diameter of pupil is
2.5mm; the normal diameter of pupil is count as not too dark and
not too bright environment condition.
The pupils has slightly enlarged tendency to increased attention
situation. The pupil has dilates and enlarged action to response to
extreme emotional condition such as fear, or pain condition. The
pupil size is typically larger in younger people. The intensely
sadness emotion can cause decreasing pupil size.
2. Function of pupils
The pupil is a window for outside nature light get into life to
support spirit heart yang qi
The pupil is a window of inside life light for shining to outside
The pupil is a window of life spirit frequency energy for
complexion to outside
The pupil is a window of life spirit information energy for
communication with outside
The pupil is a window or chimney of pathogen dry heat for body
release pathogen heat
The kidney yang and qi are in charge for the pupil
Section Two: Abnormal Indication

1. Size
1.1 Large
1.1.1 Definition and indication of large size of pupils
The diameter of pupil is large more than 2.5mm

The ratio of pupil with iris is large more than 1:4
1.1.2 Explanation of large size of pupils
The eye received more sunlight and artificial light. The body has
more pathogen heat. The body needs better yang qi. The body is
release out pathogen heat.
1.2 Small
1.2.1 Definition and indication of small size of pupils
The diameter of pupil is smaller more than 2.5mm
The ratio of pupil with iris is smaller more than 1:4
1.2.2 Explanation of small size of pupils
The eye less received sunlight and artificial light. The body has
more heat. The body does not need more heat. The body is
astringent and store pathogen heat. The pathogen heat is moving
toward to the internal and deep body area. Qi, blood, qi and blood
deficiency.
1.3 Uneven pupil

1.3.1 Definition of uneven size of pupil
The uneven size of pupil means the left and right side pupil is not
in the same size
The left side of pupil is large more than right and smaller more
than right side of pupil
1.3.2 Indication of uneven size of pupil
The large size of pupil means the body has internal excess multiple
pathogen heat and allows the extra light get into body
The small size of pupil means the body has hiding and astringent
excess multiple pathogen heat & reject external light get into body
1.3.3 Definition of uneven shape of pupil
The uneven shape of pupil means the left and right side pupil is
not in the same shape
The left side of pupil could be an ellipse, a circle and round, a
large circle and round, a smaller circle and round shape.
The right side of pupil could be a circle and round, an ellipse, a
smaller circle and round, a large circle and round shape.
1.3.4 Indication of uneven size of pupils
The circle or round shape of pupil is indicates normal condition in

most situation
The ellipse shape of pupil is indication of pathogen heat disturbed
normal energy circle ring in the brain or other system
The large circle and round shape of pupil is excess heat &
releasing heat indication
The small circle and round shape of pupil is less excess heat &
releasing heat indication
1.3.5 Explanation
This is left and right good yang qi with pathogen dry heat alternate
amount power and location condition indication; the left side or
right side may have more or less amount of good yang qi or
pathogen dry heat in the external circulation or internal lubrication
area.
If the left and right both side area of body has more yang qi in the
external area, the left pupil may show normal small size. If the left
and right both side area of body has more pathogen dry heat in the
external area, the pupil may show abnormal large size. If the both
side of body has more yang qi in the internal, the both pupil may
show abnormal large size because the pathogen dry heat will be
more located in the external area, and the body will has more dry
heat to release out form pupil, and to cause large size pupil. If the
both side area of body has more pathogen dry heat in the internal
area, the both pupil may show abnormal small size because this is
astringent and hiding condition.
1.4 Alternating size of pupil in different time
1.4.1 Definition of alternating size of pupils in different time

The small pupil during the day time is normal condition indication
The small pupil during the night time is abnormal condition
indication
The large pupil during the night time and dark environment is
normal indication
The large pupil during the day time is abnormal condition
indication
The pupil sometime large or small during the day time is abnormal
indication
The pupil sometime large or small during the night time is
abnormal indication
1.4.2 Indication of alternating size of pupils in different time

Very nervous and anxious, easy to have panic attack, chronic over
thinking, feeling under a lot stress. Insomnia, difficulty falling
sleep, easy wakes up. Restlessness, busy life style, excessive and
chronic worries life style, excessive rambling of insignificant
speech, forgetfulness, poor memory, difficulty to focus and
concentrate mind; emotional instability, short temper and easy
angry, uncontrollable and easy shining emotions.
1.4.3 Explanation
This is good yang qi with pathogen dry heat fight for which one is
in the dominate position situation; but this is pathogen heat in the
dominate position indication.
This is good yin cold and moisture energy with pathogen dry heat
fight for which one is in the dominate position situation; but this is
pathogen heat in the dominate position indication.
Chapter Three: Crystalline Lens

1. Definition of crystal lens
According to (http://en.wikipidia.org) [13] the crystalline lens is a

thicker, ellipsoid or convex on both side surfaces of shapes; it has
clear color, transparent structure in the eye between cornea and
vitreous humor. The part of iris tissue will be cover crystalline lens
on the front area. In the adult, the long length of lens is 10 mm in
diameter and has a wide length of about 4 mm. The lens shape is
change in life time, the long and wide length number will change
due to the age change. After about age 20, the lens grows rounder
with time. The lens has split condition; it is split into regions
depending on the age of the lens fibers of a particular layer.
The lens has three main parts: the lens capsule, the lens
epithelium, and the lens fibers. The lens capsule is a smooth,
transparent basement membrane that completely surrounds the
lens. The capsule has elastic character. The lens epithelium,
located in the anterior portion of the lens between the lens
capsules, it is soft tissue which is keeps water and current flowing
through the lens. The lens fibers are long, thin, transparent cells,
firmly packed, the lens fibers stretch lengthwise from the posterior
to the anterior poles.
2. Function of crystal lens
The first one main function is change, band, and refracting light to
be focus on the retina area; the crystalline lens is changeable
tissue, when the lens is changing shape, it will changed focal
distance of eye so that it can focus on objects at various distances.
The crystalline lens has limitation of changeable ability; because
the crystalline lens is cold yin and moisture yin property tissue,
when the crystalline lens received too much light heat, it will turn
to gray cloudy turbid color; and lost changeable ability; also lost
transmits light ability.
The second main function is transmits life light out of eye. The
crystalline lens is cold yin and moisture yin property tissue; the
crystal lens is second layer of defense for reduce light heat
property, the first layer of defense for reduce light heat is cornea;
the third layer of defense for reduce light heat is vitreous humor.
The kidney yin organ is one of main organ in charge for the
crystalline lens cooling energy and moisture energy refill

1. Light white and gray color
1.1 Definition & indication
The definition of light white and gray color of crystalline lens is
clear color change to light white and gray color, which is finding
out by examiner, usually the examiner use magnifying glass to
find out. It is indication of cold and moisture yin energy mild
deficiency, excess dry heat mild injury general body yin liquid,
produce body yin liquid organs and brain yin liquid condition.
1.2 Explanation
The white and gray color is dry heat color. The salt and sugar is
white color. The salt and sugar is dry heat material. When the body
yin liquid has deficiency condition, it will reflect high level of dry
heat; the white and gray color is dry heat material indication.
The light white and gray color of crystalline lens is mild excess
dry heat indication
It is indirectly reflecting body yin liquid deficiency condition
2. Medium white and gray color
The definition of medium white and gray color of crystalline lens
is clear color change to light white and gray color, which is finding
find out. It is indication of cold yin and moisture yin energy
medium deficiency condition. It is indication of excess dry heat
medium injury general body yin liquid, produce body yin liquid
organs condition (small intestine, pancreas, spleen, liver, brain)
and brain yin liquid condition.
2.2 Explanation
The medium white and gray color of crystalline lens is medium
excess dry heat indication
It is indirectly reflects body yin liquid deficiency condition
3. Severe white and gray color
The definition of severe white and gray color of crystalline lens is
clear color change to severe white and gray color, which is finding
find out
It is indication of cold yin and moisture yin energy severe
deficiency condition
It is indication of excess dry heat severe injury general body yin
liquid condition
It is indication of excess dry heat severe injury produce body yin
liquid organs condition (small intestine, pancreas, spleen, liver,
brain)
It is indication of excess dry heat severe injury brain yin liquid
condition
3.2 Explanation
The severe white and gray color of crystalline lens is severe excess
dry heat indication
It is indirectly reflecting body yin liquid deficiency condition
Chapter Four: Sclera-ology
1. Definition of sclera
According to Zheng, D, L. Zheng, Z, X. (2003). TCM Eye

Diagnosis and its Illustration (1st, Ed).5 [14] [15] and
(http://en.wikipedia.org ) [16] [17] the sclera is white part of the eye,
it is an out layer of the eye, the sclera color is white; in children,
and it is thinner and shows some of the underlying pigmentation,
appearing as slightly blue; in the elderly, fatty deposits on the
sclera to make it appear slightly yellow, this is a dry condition
indication.
The sclera tissue is containing main component of connective
tissue and elastic fiber; it is connect to cornea, the thickness of the
sclera varies from 1mm at the posterior pole to 0.3 mm; the
sclera's blood vessels are mainly on the surface, which is covered
by a thin layer on the sclera; it is call conjunctiva.
It is a protect layer and tissue; it has maintains the globe shape of
the eye, provide resistance force to internal and external to avoid
bulging eye condition; it is a cold and moisture property tissue, it
is first defense layer for the eye to cool down the cornea light heat
and moisture the cornea dryness; it has ability to reflect internal
and external abnormal condition.
2. Methods & organ’s location of sclera reading
2.1 Symmetrical reading
2.1.1 Upper sclera reflect upper body area

Head, brain, eye, ear, nose, mouth, tongue, face. Neck, thyroid,
throat, spirit heart, cervical vertebra, upper esophagus and
windpipe. Shoulder, arm, hands, chest, breast, low esophagus and
windpipe, upper thoracic vertebra. Lung, diaphragm, heart.
2.1.2 Middle sclera reflect middle body area

Liver, spleen, large intestine. Adrenal gland (kidney yang), kidney
2.1.3 Lower sclera reflect lower body area

foot area.
2.1.4 Left side sclera reflect left side body area

2.1.4.1 Left Shao Yin circle of sclera reflect left side body
spirit heart area.
The 1-2 o’clock regions are reflecting to left shoulder, diaphragm,
and stomach area.
abdominal area
abdominal area
abdominal area
2.1.4.2 Left side Tai Yin circle of sclera reflect left side body
The 12-1 o’clock regions are reflecting to left middle head, eye to
The 1-2 o’clock regions are reflecting to left elbow, arm.
The 2-3 o’clock regions are reflecting to left lung, pancreas.
The 4-5 o’clock regions are reflecting to spleen, left ovary, kidney
yin, kidney yang.
The 5-6 o’clock regions are reflecting to left hip, low abdominal,
testicular, and bladder, uterine.
2.1.4.3 Left side Jue Yin circle of sclera reflect left side body
The 12-1 o’clock regions are reflecting to left brain area
The 1-2 o’clock regions are reflecting to left hand area
area
area
The 4-5 o’clock regions are reflecting to left lower abdominal area
The 5-6 o’clock regions are reflecting to left knee, leg, and ankle
and foot area.
2.1.5 Right side sclera reflect right side body

2.1.5.1 Right side Shao Yin circle of sclera reflect right side body
throat.
The 11-10 o’clock regions are reflecting to right shoulder,
diaphragm, and stomach.
small intestine.
abdominal
abdominal
abdominal
2.1.5.2 Right side Tai Yin circle of sclera reflect right side body
The 12-11 o’clock region is reflect to right middle head, eye to
mouth level, such as right face, right eye, nose, mouth, and ear.
The 11-10 o’clock region is reflect to right elbow, arm.
The 10-9 o’clock region is reflect to right lung, chest, and small
intestine.
The 9-8 o’clock region is reflect to right middle abdominal
The 8-7 o’clock region is reflect to liver, gallbladder, right ovary.
The 7-6 o’clock region is reflect to right hip, testicular, bladder,
and uterine.
2.1.5.3 Right side Jue Yin circle of sclera reflect right side body
The 12-11 o’clock regions are reflecting to right upper head
The 11-10 o’clock regions are reflecting to right hand
hypochondria
The 9-8 o’clock regions are reflecting to right middle
hypochondria
The 7-6 o’clock regions are reflecting to right knee, leg, ankle and
foot.
2.1.6 Inside reflect internal area of body

2.1.7 Outside reflect external area of body
2.2 Upper, middle and lower parts reading
2.2.1 Upper part reading
The upper part is a curve region above 10 – 2 o’clock margins by
horizontal line
The upper part is above diaphragm parts of body
upper thoracic vertebra.
2.2.2 Middle part reading

The middle part is a square with two curve regions, which is
located between 10 – 2 and 8 – 4 o’clock margins by horizontal
lines
The middle part is between diaphragm with a horizontal line
connect to both anterior superior iliac spines; this line will cross
middle point of navel connect to pubic bone.
Liver, spleen, large intestine. Adrenal gland (kidney yang), kidney
2.2.3 Lower part reading

The lower part is a curve region below 8 – 4 o’clock margins by
horizontal line
The lower part is any organs and tissue below the horizontal line
connects to both anterior superior iliac spines
foot area.
2.3 Three Yin region reading

This picture is representing whole eye region. The three curve
regions are not including center iris part
The 9 o’clock is representing right eye outer canthus (wai ci) and
left eye inner canthus (nei ci) area
The 3 o’clock is representing right eye inner canthus (nei ci) and
left eye outer canthus (wai ci) area
The 12-3-6 o’clock is representing right eye inside and left eye
outside area
The 12-9-6 o’clock is representing right eye outside and left eye
outside area
The inner eye corner is representing internal area of body
The outer eye corner is representing external area of body
2.3.1 Shao Yin region

The Shao Yin region is 2 - 6 o’clock area
This region is including physical heart, kidney yin and yang;
stomach, bladder, and large intestine.
2.3.2 Tai Yin region

The Tai Yin region is 10 - 6 o’clock area
This region is including lung, pancreas; diaphragm and small
intestine
2.3.3 Jue Yin region
The Jue Yin region is 10 - 2 o’clock area

This region is including liver, spleen; gallbladder and three jiao.
2.3 Three Yin circles reading
The center of dark circle is representing iris

The three rings are representing regions of sclera
2.4.1 Shao Yin circle

The Shao Yin circle is internal ring. This Shao Yin circle is
including physical heart, kidney yin and yang; stomach, bladder,
and large intestine.
spirit heart.
small intestine.
The 9-8 o’clock regions are reflecting to right inner middle
abdominal
The 8-7 o’clock regions are reflecting to right inner lower
abdominal, ovary, and right kidney yin and kidney yang.
The 7-6 o’clock regions are reflecting to right hip, right testicular,
bladder, uterine, ovary.

throat.
intestine, heart.
The 3-4 o’clock regions are reflecting to left inner middle
abdominal
The 4-5 o’clock regions are reflecting to left inner lower
abdominal, spleen, ovary, and left kidney yin and kidney yang.
The 5-6 o’clock regions are reflecting to left hip, left testicular,
bladder, and uterine.
2.4.2 Tai Yin circle

The Tai Yin circle is middle ring. This Tai Yin circle is including
lung, pancreas; diaphragm and small intestine.
The 12-11 o’clock regions are reflecting to right middle head, eye
to mouth level, such as right face, right eye, nose, mouth, and ear.
The 11-10 o’clock regions are reflecting to right shoulder
The 10-9 o’clock regions are reflecting to right lung, chest, and
small intestine.
The 9-8 o’clock regions are reflecting to right middle abdominal
The 8-7 o’clock regions are reflecting to liver, right ovary
The 7-6 o’clock regions are reflecting to right knee, right
testicular, bladder, uterine.
The 12-1o’clock regions are reflecting to left middle head, eye to

mouth level, such as left face, right eye, nose, mouth, and ear.
The 1-2 o’clock regions are reflecting to left shoulder
The 2-3 o’clock regions are reflecting to left lung, pancreas
The 4-5 o’clock regions are reflecting to spleen, left ovary
The 5-6 o’clock regions are reflecting to left knee, left testicular,
bladder, uterine.
2.4.3 Jue Yin circle

The Jue Yin circle is external ring. This Jue Yin circle is including
liver, spleen; gallbladder, three jiao, lymph liquid circulation, skin.
The 12-11 o’clock regions are reflecting to right upper head
The 11-10 o’clock regions are reflecting to right shoulder
hypochondria
The 8-7 o’clock regions are reflecting to liver, gallbladder, and
right ovary.
The 7-6 o’clock regions are reflecting to right foot, right testicular,
bladder, uterine.
The 12-1o’clock regions are reflecting to left brain

The 1-2 o’clock regions are reflecting to left shoulder
The 4-5 o’clock regions are reflecting to spleen, left ovary.
The 5-6 o’clock regions are reflecting to left foot, left testicular,
bladder, uterine.
2.5 Gaze down from top

Turn the head 90 degree up, the eyes look at the ceiling, then
examine by looking down from the top of one’s body tissue and
organs’ location. The left side iris will reflect left side tissue,
organs’ location. The right side iris will reflect right side tissue,
organs’ location. The upper side iris will reflect back tissue,
organs’ location. The lower side iris will reflect front tissue,
organs’ location.

1. Artery blood vessel
1.1 Artery blood vessel location (see section one)
1.2 Artery blood vessel shape
1.2.1 Common classification of artery blood vessel shape
Fine with short. Fine with long. Wide with short. Wide with long.
Relatively straight with short. Relatively straight with long. Zigzag
with short. Zigzag with long. Dots.
1.2.2 Pathogen property and degree condition indication
Fine with short is reflecting blood heat in the small portion and
small region
Fine with long is reflecting blood heat in the small portion and
large region
Wide with short is reflecting blood heat in the medium portion and
small region
Wide with long is reflecting blood heat in the medium portion and
large region
Relatively straight is reflecting blood heat with less stagnation
Relatively not straight is reflecting blood heat with more
stagnation
Zigzag with short is reflecting blood heat with spasm in small
region of body
Zigzag with long is reflecting blood heat with spasm in large
region of body
1.3 Artery blood vessel movement direction

1.3.1 Common classification of artery blood vessel movement direction
The most common movement direction is toward to the center

from outside 10-8 o’clock
from inside 2-4 o’clock
from upper 11-1 o’clock
from lower 5-7 o’clock
1.3.2 Pathogen property and degree condition of movement direction

indication
If the artery blood vessel movement direction is toward to the

center from outside 10-8 o’clock, that is pathogen dry heat going
to the internal from external.
center from inside 2-4 o’clock, that is pathogen dry heat going to
the internal from external.
center from upper 11-1 o’clock, that is pathogen dry heat going to
lower area from upper area.
center from lower 5-7 o’clock, that is pathogen dry heat going to
upper area from lower area.
1.4 Artery blood vessel color
The pink color is light blood heat. The red color is mild blood
heat. The dark red color is high level blood heat indication. The
crimson color is severe blood heat indication.
1.5 Artery blood vessel amount
There are four areas in the sclera area; they are Ι, Π, Ш, ІV. The Ι
is left and upper area, the Π is right and upper area, the Ш is right
and lower area, the ІV is left and lower area.
The each area has one and fine of artery that is light blood heat
indication
The each area has one and wide of artery that is severe blood heat
indication
The each area has two and fine of artery that is mild blood heat
indication
The each area has two and wide of artery that is more severe blood
heat indication
The each area has three and fine of artery that is severe blood heat
indication
The each area has three and wide of artery that is very severe
blood heat indication
2. Vein blood vessel

2.1 Vein blood vessel location (see section one)
2.2 Vein blood vessel shape
Fine with short and dot. Fine with long and dot. Wide with short
and dot. Wide with long and dot. Relatively straight with short and
dot. Relatively straight with long and dot. Zigzag with short and
dot. Zigzag with long and dot.
2.3 Vein blood vessel movement direction

2.3.1 Common classification of vein blood vessel movement direction

from outside 10-8 o’clock
from inside 2-4 o’clock
from upper 11-1 o’clock
from lower 5-7 o’clock
2.3.2 Pathogen property and degree condition of movement direction

indication
If the vein movement direction is toward to the center from outside

10-8 o’clock, that is pathogen dry heat going to the internal from
external.
If the vein movement direction is toward to the center from inside
2-4 o’clock, that is pathogen dry heat going to the internal from
external.
If the vein movement direction is toward to the center from upper
11-1 o’clock, that is pathogen dry heat going to lower area from
upper area.
If the vein movement direction is toward to the center from lower
5-7 o’clock, that is pathogen dry heat going to upper area from
lower area.
2.4 Vein blood vessel color
The dark with blue color is internal stagnation heat and dry heat
indication.
2.5 Vein blood vessel amount
There are four areas in the sclera area; they are Ι, Π, Ш, ІV. The Ι
is left and upper area, the Π is right and upper area, the Ш is right
and lower area, the ІV is left and lower area.
The most veins are fine shape.
The each area has one and fine of vein that is light blood heat
indication
The each area has one and wide of vein that is severe blood heat
indication
The each area has two and fine of vein that is mild blood heat
indication
The each area has two and wide of vein that is more severe blood
heat indication
The each area has three and fine of vein that is severe blood heat
indication
The each area has three and wide of vein that is very severe blood
heat indication
3. Spots (Ban)
3.1 Definition of spot
The spot is a mark on a surface of tissue with differing sharps,

different colors, and different size but relatively small, limited and
surrounding; definite under surface, it is not above surface tissue
or skin; but it has location and situation precisely characters. It has
ability to reflect pathogen property, pathogenesis situation, internal
and external abnormal condition.
3.2 Classification of spot

3.2.1 Blue sclera
According to (http://telemedicine.orbis.org) [18] [19] the choroid is a
dark-brown color layer of vascular coat tissue, it is located
between the sclera and the retina, when the sclera loss of water
content, and sclera layer turn to the thin from thick, which allow
underlying dark choroid color to be seen on the surface of sclera.
Melanocytes produce the dark pigment material-melanin; the large
amount of melanin material located in or on the sclera become to
blue sclera, the blue sclera size could be localize or generalized.
The blue sclera could be an abnormal health condition indication;
it is related to high urine excretion, bone (skeletal) disorders, eye
disorder, and chromosome disorders conditions. All the abnormal
condition is related to excess heat, dry heat with yin liquid
deficiency and gene heat condition.
3.2.2 Conjunctivitis
According to (http://en.wikipedia.org), [20] the conjunctivitis is an
acute and chronic excess heat on sclera condition with a lot red
blood vessel on the sclera and eyelid area, irritation, watering,
tearing, itching, rubbing eyes, painful, dryness sign and symptoms.
Greyish or yellowish color discharge (pus) that can cause the
eyelids to stick together after sleep, trouble opening their eyes in
the morning because of the dried mucus on their eyelids.
Gritty, dry, sand, or scratchy sensation in the eye, just like a
foreign material in the eye; blurring of vision, photophobia.
Usually is only one eye, but may spread easily to the other one.
The common reason to cause conjunctivitis is allergic, bacterial,
virus, chemical and excess external and internal heat.
3.2.3 Scleritis
According to (http://en.wikipedia.org), [21] scleritis is an excess
heat that affects the sclera area to cause redness, purple hue on the
sclera, eye pain, photophobia, tearing, decrease in visual ability. It
could have severe condition or mild condition. It is often
contracted through association with other diseases of the body,
such as rheumatoid arthritis.
3.2.4 Jaundice
According to (http://en.wikipedia.org), [22] Jaundice is abnormal
sign of yellowish pigmentation in the skin, sclera, nail and mucous
membranes; the conjunctiva of the eye is one of the first tissues to
change color as bilirubin levels rise in jaundice condition; the pale
stools and dark yellow urine is a sign of jaundice, commonly with
high cholesterol, severe itching because of the deposition of bile
salts. This is cause by increased levels of bilirubin in the blood,
blood plasma, extracellular fluid. The common reason to cause
jaundice is related to liver and gallbladder issues. A harmless
jaundice condition is yellow color on the palms and the soles.
3.2.5 Uveal melanoma
According to (www.wikipedia.org), [23] uveal melanoma is a kind
cancer of the eye, which is involving the different tissues, such as
iris, choroid. The choroid is located between sclera with retina.
The melanoma is pigment cell – melanocytes over produce the
dark pigment material-melanin; the large amount and mutated
malignant heat property of melanin have attacking, injury and
damage normal tissues ability. When the malignant melanin
material live in the choroid layer of eye, the dark pigment will
penetrate into sclera area to cause dark spot.
3.3 Spot location (see section one)
3.4 Spot shape
Dot. Small piece. Big piece. It could be in the sclera tissue. It

could be above the sclera.
Spot size: It could be small or big.
3.6 Spot amount: It could be single or multiple

3.7 Spot color: It could be brown, dark, dark blue.
4. Piece
4.1 Definition of piece
The definition of piece is a thing considered as a unit or an element of a
portion; basically the piece is sat on the surface of tissue, it is above the
surface of tissue, and the abnormal piece can make bumpy when touch or
looking; it is solid and three dimensional.
4.2 Classification of piece
4.2.1 Cholesterol piece on the sclera
Cholesterol piece on the sclera is a light yellow piece clump,

above the sclera tissue, and usually located on the 9-3 o’clock
level or lower area.
4.2.2 Calcium piece on the sclera
Calcium piece on the sclera is white color of calcification material

adopt in the sclera.
4.2.3 Blood piece on the sclera
Blood piece on the sclera is a piece of red blood clot located on the
sclera due to bleeding.
4.2.4 Sclera pterygium (Yi Zhuang Nu Rou)

According to (http://en.wikipedia.org), [24] sclera pterygium is a
benign growth of the conjunctiva tissue; a membrane tissue above
sclera, a shape like triangular. It is commonly grows from the
nasal side of the sclera, and invades toward to the corneas and
growth into the corneas.
The color of sclera pterygium could be red, purple red, white,
gray, brown, or mixed, persistent redness, foreign body sensation,
tearing, may be bleeding, dry and itchy eyes, potential of
obscuring the cornea and cause cornea scaring.
The over received and exposure to the sunlight, wind, and low
humidity, sand, dust invades are common reasons; the real reason
to cause sclera pterygium is unknown; the ratio of sclera pterygia
is two times higher in men than women. All information is
referring to dry heat as main pathogen to cause sclera pterygium
condition.
4.3 Piece location (see section one)
4.4 Piece shape (irregular)
4.5 Piece size (different size)
4.6 piece amounts (usually is single)
4.7 Piece color (see individual condition)
5. Mass (Tumors, cancer)
5.1 Definition of mass
The definition of mass is a unified body of matter with no specific shape; the
critical mass is an abnormal tissue with a different consistency than is normal
for a particular body region. Eye cancers can be primary which start within
the eye is, and metastatic cancer which is spread to the eye from another
organ. The most common cancers that spread to the eye is breast and lung
cancer; other less common cancer that spread to the eye are kidney, prostate,
colon, blood, bone marrow, thyroid and skin (http://en.wikipedia.org). [25]
5.2 Classification of eye mass
5.2.1 Choroidal Melanoma
According to (http://en.wikipedia.org) [26] it is a cancer located in the eye
tissue of iris, choroid area; the tumors over produce dark pigment from the
pigment cells, and stay within the uvea area which is giving color to the eye.
5.2.2 Squamous Conjunctival Carcinoma
Paul T. Finger, MD List information at www.eyecancer.com “Squamous
conjunctival neoplasia (SCN) is most commonly found in older white males
(76%). The average age of patients affected by SCN is 56. This tumor, said to
make up 14% of all primary ocular and orbital tumors is related to sun
exposure. Sunlight, particularly ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation can cause
DNA damage, mutations, and cancerous cells. Though human papillomavirus
-16 has been found in conjunctival tumor specimens, it has not been proven
to cause this tumor……Squamous Conjunctival Carcinoma: Note the white
nodular thickening at the limbus.......Symptoms:Patients notice a white or
yellow-white tumor on the surface of the eye (often with extension onto the
cornea)…….Diagnosis: This tumor tends to be found between the eyelids
(interpalpebral space), and at the limbus (border of the white sclera and
clear cornea). This tumor can extend onto the cornea, around the limbus, and
rarely into the eye and orbit. When the tumor extends onto the cornea it can
be avascular and opaque in appearance. Commonly, squamous conjunctival
neoplasia will contain characteristic corkscrew-shaped blood
vessels…….Risk Factors: Fair Skin, Tendency to Sunburn, Outdoor
Occupation, Living Close to the Equator, History of Actinic Skin Lesions,
Xeroderma Pigmentosum, Immunosuppression, Male Gender, Older Age”.
[27]
5.2.3 Staphyloma
According to (http://en.wikipedia.org) [28] the definition of staphyloma is an
abnormal protrusion of the uveal tissue in the eye area; there is a weak point
in the out layer of eye to allow the protrusion tissue through, and located on
the anterior of eye which is related to the cornea and sclera; because cornea
or sclera has chronic heat condition or degeneration condition that is a reason
to cause tissue weak; the protrusion color is generally black color.
5.3 Mass location (see section one)
5.4 Mass shape (regular, irregular)
5.5 Mass size (usually is small)
5.6 Mass amount (usually is single)
5.7 Mass color (usually is dark)
Part Two: Nail Observation

Chapter One: Basic Information of Nail
The nail observation is part of translate Dr. Zhu Heng Ceng’s book
information. Zhu, H. C. (1997). Identify Nail to Diagnosis Diseases (1st Ed).
Beijing. [29] The China Science and Technology publish. Anonymous, (2009).
“Nail” from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nail (anatomy); [30] another part is
adding more information from my study and practice experiences. The
purpose is try to provide high value of practical nail information for
practitioner of Chinese Herbal Remedies; according to the nail indication
information to make accurate evaluation, judgment, remedies; and prevention
for oncoming severe internal unhealthy condition and aging condition. Hand
nail is not just indicates upper body condition, also indicates lower body
condition. Toe nail is not just indicates lower body condition, also indicates
upper body condition too. Nail observation indicates warm, dry and moisture
property and amount conditions. Nail observation indicates body internal
condition and situation. Nail observation indicates yin liquid and dryness
condition and situations.
Section One: Basic Physiology Information of Nail
1. Nail Definition
Nail is located on the upper area of the end and back of fingers and
toes. It is looks flat with a little be raised, square, rectangle, ellipse
shape, it is a horny substance.
The nail surface looks like it has a full flat complexion; there are
fine, horizontal, and very fine straight lines. These lines can be
developed to horizontal and straight ridges during abnormal
conditions.
Normal condition of the nail size can be different at age, body
height, and body weight.
The thumb is the largest; the index finger, middle finger, ring
finger and baby finger are sequentially smaller than each other.
The average nail length is ten to fifteen millimeter. The average
width is ten to twelve millimeter. The average thickness is 0.3-0.8
milliliter. The child’s nail size is smaller than adult. The normal
color of the nail is red with moisture, transparent, glossy, even,
clear, not turbid, contains spirit, hard, springy, not easily
breakable.
The tip of nail looks like light white and gray; the nail contains
water, the amount is about ten percent of the nail weight.
When the nail is put in water, the nail will absorb the water; the
nail property will turn soft. The nail is one of the hardest tissues in
the body besides bones and teeth.
2. Nail Basic Structure

2.1 Nail Plate
The nail plate is nail’s body; it refers to finger and toe ending,
back, and upper area. It is the hard and translucent portion (Jia
Ban).
2.2 Nail Property
The nail property refers to nail plate material, the material

composes to the nail plate; the property of nail is yang and dry
property, it is need yin liquid fill into nail material all the time to
keep healthy.
2.3 Nail Bed
It is the adherent connective tissue that underlies the nail (Jia

Chuan)
2.4 Nail Margin

It is the muscle and skin around the nail plate. The nail margin
skin is smooth, luster, and neat. The skin is close together with the
nail plate. The skin color is the same with finger and toe skin.
2.5 Cuticle (eponychium)
It is the fold of skin at the proximal and around the end of the nail
(Pi Dai)
2.6 Lunula (lunila)
It is the crescent, moon shaped whitish area of the nail bed (when
be able to see)
2.7 Nail Fold
It is a fold of hard skin overlapping the base and sides of a

fingernail or toenail. That include nail root and nail groove area
(Jia You Li Yuan).
2.8 Free Edge
It is the part of the nail that extends past the finger, beyond the nail
plate (Jia Jian)
2.9 Nail Groove (Jia Gou)
This refers to the area between nail plate with finger and toe tissue.
2.10 Nail Root
This refers to the under the skin nail plate root area (Jia Gen)
3. Nail Functions
Protect fingers and toes
Support fingers and toes strength
Make fingers and toes have sense of the touch
Assist fingers and toes to catch fine things
Finger nail condition can reflect upper body condition
Finger nail is like leaf, root.
Toe nail condition can reflect lower body condition
Adrenal gland is in charge of the nail’s hard material
It reflexes body Yang hot and dry material and function level
It reflects the Yang and yin essence level
It can reflect body hot and dry condition and situation
Pancreas, kidney yin and liver are in charge of the nail liquid
material
It reflects the body Yin cold and moisture material and function
level
It can reflect body cold and moisture condition and situation
Kidney yang is in charge of nail solid material
It can reflect body kidney yang qi condition, it like windows of the
healthy condition.
Finger and toe nails are signs of health condition
4. Nail Growth Speed

At three months of age, baby nails start their growth; five month
later, the nail shape become normal shape.
Baby nail growth 0.7 milliliter per-week
The nail growth speed is in proportion to the physical age of
growth
Finger nail growth is earlier than toe nail
The average growth speed of finger nail is 0.5 to 1.4 milliliter per
week
This finger nail growth speed is one to four times greater than toe
nail growth speed
The new nail from the root growth area to the nail tip area needs
one hundred to one hundred fifty days
One whole nail plate indicates a half a year of body health
condition and situation
When the finger nail is longer, the growth speed is faster.
Other finger nail growth speed is faster than that of the thumbs and
baby finger nails
Heat will promote nail growth speed
The nail grows faster during summer time, warm weather, and day
time.
The nail grows fast during the morning than the afternoon; day
than the night.
The right finger nails grow faster when the person is right handed
The left finger nails grow fast when the person is left handed
Section Two: Indication of Nail Location

1. Finger nail
1.1 Thumb
Inside belong to lung

Outside belong to diaphragm
Whole body, brain, head, face, mouth, pelvic cavity organ.
1.2 Index finger: Large intestine, brain, heart, neck, shoulder.

1.3 Middle finger: Spleen, stomach, gallbladder, liver intestine.
1.4 Ring finger: Three jiao, lung, large intestine, mediastinum (zongge),
pericardium.
1.5 Baby finger: Heart, small intestine, low back, kidney, knee, feet, nose,
phlegm.
2. Toe Nail
2.1 Big toe: Inside belong to pancreases, outside belong to adrenal gland.
2.2 Index toe: stomach
2.3 Middle toe: liver
2.4 Ring toe: gallbladder
2.5 Baby toe: kidney, bladder.
3. Individual Nail
3.1 Nail tip: upper jiao
3.2 Nail middle: middle jiao
3.3 Nail root: lower jiao
4. Hologram Nail
4.1 Thumb: head and neck
4.2 Index finger: chest, back, elbow4.3 Middle finger: abdominal, low back.
4.4 Ring finger: hip
4.5 Baby finger: foot and ankle
5. Four Region Divide of Nail
5.1 First area: radial side, close to nail root
It is reflecting lower and internal area of body condition
5.2 Second area: radial side, far away to nail root
It is reflect upper and internal area of body condition
5.3 Third area: ulna side, close to nail root
It is reflects lower and external area of body condition.
5.4 Fourth area: ulna side, far away to nail root
It is reflect upper and external area of body condition
6. Symmetries to Reading Nail

Left side reflect left side condition
Right side reflect right side condition
upper area reflect upper area condition
Lower area reflect lower area condition
Inside reflect left inside condition
Outside reflect outside condition
7. Cross to Reading Nail

Right hands nail with left toes nail reflect cross area condition.
This is yang in the yin property area. This is yin property area.
Left hands nail with right toes nail reflect cross area condition
This is yang of yang property area. This is yang property area.
The right or left thumb nail with left or right toe nail reflects same
signs
The right or left index finger nail with left or right second toe nail
reflects same signs
The right or left middle finger nail with left or right middle toe nail
reflects same signs
The right or left ring finger nail with left or right fourth toe nail
reflects same signs
The right or left baby finger nail with left or right baby toe nail
reflects same signs
Section Three: Methods of Check Nail

1. Direct Observation
That means using the eyes to look at the nail directly

Look at the nail shape, color, luster, property, blood circulation.
Looking both sides, looking at each one of the finger.
2. Using Pressure Directly on the Nail then and Observation

3. Twist, Pressure and Observation
3.1 Pinch (Nie)
Use the examiner thumb to pinching the client’s finger nail surface
with mild power, quickly release; then watch client’s nail color
change.
3.2 Smooth out with finger (lv 捋 )
Use the examiner thumb and index finger to push down or push up
direction of the client’s finger to watch nail and finger skin
condition change
Use the examiner thumb and index finger to squeeze and loose of
the client’s finger to watch nail and finger skin condition change
4. Tap (Qiao)
The examiner use examination hammer to tap client’s finger nail,

then watch client’s nail condition change.
5. Light Shining on the Nail to Watch Nail Condition
Chapter Two: Abnormal Nail Condition

Section One: Abnormal Nail Shape
1. Large Shape Nail
1.1 Large nail shape characters
The nail plate is big more than finger and toe nail root area
Long and wide. It is cover whole front area of the finger and toe
The nail plate is thick and hard
1.2 Large nail shape indication
Excess heat, excess dry heat, dryness.
2. Small and Short Nail Shape

2.1 Small and short nail shape characters
The nail plate is smaller than nail root area of finger and toe
The nail plate is small and narrow
2.2 The small and short nail shape indication
If nail plate is thin and color light with no shining, it is qi, blood
and yin deficiency.
If nail plate is thick and color dried, no shining, it is excess heat,
dry heat and dryness.
3. Long Nail Shape

3.1 Long nail shape characters
The nail plate is big more than nail root of the finger and toe
3.2 Long nail shape indication
Qi, blood and yin deficiency
4. Flat Nail Shape

4.1 The flat nail shape characters
The nail plate radian and curved line are zero
4.2 The flat nail shape indication
Qi and yang deficiency
5. Triangle Nail Shape

5.1 The triangle nails shape character
The nail tip is big and wide

The nail root is small
5.2 The triangle nails shape indication
Easy to see who has brain, spinal and numbness diseases

If has dark white and dark yellow color are indicated the disease is
happen now
6. Circular Nail Shape

6.1 The circular nail shape indication
Half circular, Jujube shape, Lily shape, Green onion shape, Sea
shell Shape, Pestle.
6.2 The circular nail shape indication
All above nail shape is indicated excess dry heat, chronic, yin
liquid deficiency, body constitution deficiency condition.
7. Hook Nails Shapes

7.1 The hook nails shape character
Hook of fishing tool, eagle law, buffalo horn, goat horn.
7.2 The hook nails shapes indication
All above nail shape are indicated excess dry heat, chronic, severe,
very yin liquid deficiency condition.
8. Square Nail Shape

8.1 The square nails shape character
The tip area of nail is wide as root area
8.2 The square nails shape indication
Body constitution deficiency

Most case has tiredness.
Easy catch other disease
9. Spoon Nail Shape

9.1 The spoon nails shape character
Bend upward shape as spoon
9.2 The spoon nails shape indication
Thin spoon-shaped nail is associated with iron deficiency anemia

condition
It is indicated dry heat
It is indicated qi and yin deficiency
10. Garlic Nail Shape

10.1 The garlic nails shape characters
The nail plate is wide

The nail tip is zigzag
The fingertip is big
10.2 The garlic nails shape indication

Qi and blood stagnation, excess dry heat, yin and blood deficiency.
11. Fish Scales Nail Shape

11.1 The fish scales nail shape character
The nail shape looks like dry fish scales
11.2 The fish scales nail shape indication
Qi and blood stagnation, dry toxic heat, yin and blood deficiency.
Section Two: Abnormal Nail Surface

1. Needle Dots
It has a few or more needle tip size of dots on the nail surface
2. Spots
Bright white spot, dull white cloudy spot, dark color spot
3. Ridge
Fine or wide line ridge

Horizon or straight fine or wide ridge
4. Line
White and red color line. Brown color belt or dark color belt.
5. Ditch and Sunken (concave)
Small dots or spots ditch and sunken

Big spot ditch and sunken
Multiple pieces ditch and sunken
Fine and wide ridge ditch and sunken
Horizon or straight fine or wide ridge ditch and sunken
Raised ridges with concave condition
6. Protruding
Dot, spot, horizon ridge or line. Straight ridge or line protruding.
7. All above Abnormal Nail Surface Indication
Qi and blood deficiency, degeneration condition, excess dry heat

with yin deficiency condition, chronic condition, aging, deficiency
mix with excess, toxic condition.
Section Three: Abnormal Nail Property

1. Normal Nail Property
The sign of normal nail property is normal nail plate condition. Such as:
Proper soft and hard. Springy. Fine horizontal and straight lines.
Clear color with healthy complexion
2. Usually Common Abnormal Nail Properties are Nail Plate Abnormal

Condition. Such as:
Hard, soft, thick, thin, fragile, shrink, atrophy, cracking, dry,

wedge.
3. The Abnormal Nail Property Indicates

3.1 The hard, thick, dry, cracking, split, peeling, wedge, atrophy, shrinks
Qi and blood stagnation

Dry heat condition with body fluid, yin and cold essence, liver and
kidney yin deficiency
3.2 The soft, thin, fragile, brittle condition indication
Body qi, blood, yang essence deficiency with aging condition
4. Cracking
4.1 The crack nails characteristics
The nail plate separated with nail bed. Straight crack nail shape.
Horizon crack nail shape
Layer crack nail shape. The crack nails indication.
Qi and blood stagnation. Dry heat with yin and blood deficiency.
5. Dry Nail
5.1 The dry nail character
The nail plate is less moisture with ridge.

The color lost luster and no shining with turbid.
5.2 The dry nail indication
Dry heat with yin and body fluids deficiency
Section Four: Abnormal Nail Moon

1. Normal Nail Moon Indication
The nail moon is the crescent shaped whitish area of the nail
It is not following the nail plate increase and enlarges
The nail moon indicates normal or abnormal energy movement
direction
Normally only thumb and index finger have nail moon
The nail moon level is about ten percent of the whole nail, this is
the normal level.
The normal color is clear, milky white color
If there is no nail moon, but body does not have any symptoms or
bad signs, this is a good sign. If the body has symptoms or signs,
this is abnormal signs; also it indicates a hiding and astringent
condition and situation.
2. Abnormal Moon Color
Turbid white: qi stagnation with heat

Turbid white with yellow: qi stagnation with damp heat
Dry white with no luster: qi and yang deficiency
Turbid with dark, purple red spot: qi and blood stagnation
Red Lunula: blood heat
Blue nail moon: dry toxic heat or yang deficiency with excess cold
Dark green purple: dry toxic heat or yang deficiency with excess
cold
Dark purple: dry toxic heat or yang deficiency with excess cold
3. Abnormal Moon Shape
Middle, ring finger, baby finger have nail moon.
These indicated qi over rising, excess heat over rising, body fluid and
mucus fluid deficiency, dry toxic heat.
The thumb and big toe have large moon
These indicated qi over rising, excess heat over rising, body fluid
and mucus fluid
deficiency, dry heat. Usually the large moon of thumb is related to
liver and kidney yin
deficiency yang hyper dry heat; the large moon of big toes is
related to heart yin
deficiency yang hyper dry heat condition.
The thumb or big toe have small moon or do not have moon
These indicated qi deficiency, qi stagnation, blood stagnation, pathogen

hiding, and astringent and accumulation.
When qi and blood stagnation condition getting better, the nail

moon could be rising up, once condition continue getting better,
the nail moon level will be easy go back low level.
When yin deficiency condition getting better, the high level nail
moon will be go back down to low level.
Section Five: Abnormal Nail Color

1. Normal Nail Color
The normal color of the nail is red with moisture, transparent,

glossy, even, clear, not turbid, contains spirit, proper hard, springy,
not easily breakable.
Observation nail color is including nail bed and nail tissue both
color condition.
2. Abnormal Nail Color

2.1 White Spot, Stripes and Piece on the Nail Plate and Bed.
This indicates Qi, blood, body fluids and yin deficiency. Abnormal
digestion function. Excess dryness. Excess heat and fire. Dry toxic
heat located in the liver. Deficiency cold with stomach and kidney
yang qi deficiency condition. It may be caused by tiny bubbles of
air that are trapped in the nail plate layers due to internal or
external reasons. This condition may be hereditary. It may
disappear after body mature.
2.2 Gray, old dark nail color.
It indicates dampness heat and dry heat mix together
2.3 Yellow nail with dark, dirt, thick, dry, thick, atrophy yellow, orange,
green, black color.
It indicates dampness heat, dry heat, excess fire mixed together

condition; poor digestion function, aging condition, yin and
essence deficiency.
2.4 Red nail color
The normal red color is healthy condition indication

The very red color is indicates excess heat in the Qi and external
area
The dark red is indicates blood heat, dry heat, yin deficiency,
deficiency wind.
The purple red is indicates blood stagnation, dry heat
2.5 Purple nail color

The purple is indicates qi and yang deficiency, excess cold
The purple is indicates blood stagnation, blood heat, dry heat.

The purple with crimson is indicates deficiency wind with blood
heat
2.6 Blue nail color
This indicates toxic, blood stagnation, dry heat, and drug.
2.7 Brown nail color
Malignant melanoma
2.8 Green nail color
This indicates dampness heat and excess dry heat

This indicates liver dry heat
2.9 Black nail color
It could be seen as spots, stripes, pieces, or belt in the nail plate.

This indicates dry heat, extremely excess blood heat, and kidney qi
and yin deficiency.
2.10 Dark pigment sediment in the nail plate
This indicates kidney qi and yin deficiency with excess dry heat
indication
2.11 Upper distal brown with lower proximal white nail (half and half nails)
This indicates kidney yin deficiency and excess dry heat with
kidney failure condition
2.12 Upper distal reddened with lower proximal white nail (Terry’s nails)
This indicates liver yin deficiency and excess dry heat with liver
cirrhosis condition
3. Abnormal Nail Gloss
Excess gloss: This indicates excess dry heat condition

Deficient of glossiness: This indicates deficiency condition, Qi,
blood and yin deficiency.
Uneven glossiness: This indicates deficiency with excess - chronic
consume condition
Dry and no glossiness: Dry blood, essence empty, yin liquid
deficiency
Line, spot and piece glosses: Upper jiao excess heat.
Section Six: Abnormal Nail Margin

1. Common Abnormal Nail Margin
Nail root split with cuticle. Nail margin red and swell. Nail margin
prick. Nail margin rough. Cuticle shrink and small
2. Indication
Yin deficiency. Excess dry heat. Yang hyper. Chronic

consumption condition.
Section Seven: Common Nail Diseases

The information sources are come from Anonymous, (2009). “Nail
Diseases”.[31] Dr. Norman Allan. “Fingernails and Diagnosis Ridges”.[32] Dr
Amanda Oakley. “Nail diseases”.[33] Kenneth A. Lagerstrom (09-27-2006).
“Common Fingernail Problems and Fingernail Diseases”.[34] Mayo clinic
staff. (Nov, 30 2007). “Nails: How to keep your fingernails healthy and
strong”.[35] Marti Preuss. (Nov, 30 2007). “Nail Diseases & Disorders”.[36]
1. Red and Swell of Nail Groove (Jia Gou Yan)
1.1 Definition
It is an acute and chronic redness; swelling, painful, feel hot,
throbs, with pus condition of hand nail or toe nail. The location of
the redness and swelling can be happen on the side or root of nail.
The most common reason are bacterial or fungal, repeatedly wash
their hands, remove the protective skin oils leaving the skin dry;
trauma to the cuticle, biting or picking at the cuticle, puts their
finger in their mouth according to the western medicine
information. One of important reason to cause this condition is nail
fold into skin tissue to block circulation, and lead to redness and
swelling condition. The reason to cause nail fold is nail less
contains liquid, and nail property is turning to more hard.
1.2 Signs
Acute and chronic redness; swelling, painful, feel hot, throbs, with
pus.
2. Nail Fungal
2.1 Definition
It is a chronic nail fold, sea shell, old, dull yellow, white islands,
ridge, thick of plate condition; The most common signs are the nail
becoming thickened and discolored; white, black, yellow or green;
the nail property is brittle, with pieces breaking off or coming
away from the toe or finger completely. There may also be white
or yellow patches on the nail bed or scaly skin next to the nail.
There is usually no pain or other bodily symptoms. The western
medicine thinking is fungal to cause; but commonly is a lot elder
people to have this condition. Most common reason is aging, and
dehydration condition.
2.2 Signs
Nail fold, sea shell, old, ridge, thick of plate, brittle, with pieces
breaking off.
Dull white, yellow patches; discolored; white, black, yellow or
green of the nail.
There is usually no pain or other bodily symptoms. Chronic
condition.
More case happens to who are over forty five years older
3. Ingrown Toenail
3.1 Definition
It is an acute or chronic painful toenail condition, the pain along

the margins of the nail, sensitivity to any kind of pressure, pain
worsening when wearing tight shoes; bumping of an affected toe
can cause sharp and excruciating pain; redness and swelling of the
area around the nail, pus, watery discharge, bleeding, difficulty
walking. It can happen at both side of one toe, or both left and
right toes. Many reasons can cause this condition, but nail less
liquid to cause nail folding into skin tissue to block circulation is a
main reason.
3.2 Signs
Painful and swelling of toe, difficulty walking, watery discharge,

pus, bleeding.
4. Nail Psoriasis
4.1 Definition
It is a chronic condition of nail with color and property change.

The nail color change is a translucent discoloration in the nail
plate, most is like dull, old white, yellow color. The nail property
change is a thickening of the tip nail with ridges, pits, lines,
peeling, split, brittle, cracking condition. The most common reason
to cause psoriatic nails is excess dry heat, just like same reason to
cause skin condition.
4.2 Signs
A chronic condition. Dull, old white, yellow color. Thickening of

the tip nail with ridges, pits, lines, peeling, split, brittle, cracking
condition. More happen to who are over forty five years older.
More happen to who is lack drink water. More happen to who is
drink more wine or other alcohol.
5. Nail Melanin - Hyperpigmentation
5.1 Definition
Melanin is a dark pigment material; Melanin is produced by

melanocytes at the lower layer of the epidermis tissue. Melanin is
a dark pigment responsible for producing dark color of eyes, skin,
and hair. As the body ages going up, melanocyte distribution
becomes less diffuse and its regulation less controlled by the body
condition; which is lead to have more localized dark pigmentation
condition, such as dark nail belt, dark mold, dark spots, dark
patches. It is obviously relate to aging condition; also relate to sun
damage and other similar over absorb warm heat energy condition.
5.2 Signs
Dark line, dark belt, cross dark belt on the nail
6. Nail Lichen Planus

6.1 Definition
According to (http://en.wikipedia.org) [37], lichen planus of nails is

characterized by irregular longitudinal grooving and ridging of the
nail plate, thinning of the nail plate, shedding of the nail plate with
atrophy of the nail bed, red streaks, dark and hyperpigmentation
condition. The common reason to cause lichen planus of nails is
excess dry heat, aging condition, yin liquid deficiency condition.
6.2 Signs
Irregular longitudinal grooving and ridging of the nail plate;

thinning of the nail plate. Shedding of the nail plate with atrophy
of the nail bed. Red streaks. Dark and hyperpigmentation
condition
7. General Indication of Nail Diseases
Excess dry heat, dryness, yin liquid deficiency, and aging.

Part Three: Tongue Body
The information source is basic come from Kirschbaum, Barbara. (2000).
“Atlas of Chinese Tongue Diagnosis” (ACTD). Eastland Press. Seattle,
WA: 2000 [38]. Chen, Ze-Lin and Chen, Mei-Fang. (1998). “The Essence
and Scientific Background of Tongue Diagnosis” (T-D-R). OHAI Press.
Long Beach, CA: 1998. [39] And Xin, Ying and Guo, Xen Zhen. (2001).
“Tongue Diagnosis” (T-D). Tianjin Science and Technology Translation
Publishing Company, Tianjin, China: 2001. [40] Clayman, Charles, M.D.
(1995). “The Human Body”. D.K. Publishing, NY, NY: 1995 [41]
Chapter One: Tongue Body

Observation
Section One: Basic Information of Tongue
1. Definition of Tongue
The tongue is a muscular orifices organ on the floors of the mouth.
It is a primary organ of taste, as much of the upper surface of the
tongue is covered in papillae and taste buds. It is richly supplied
with nerve meridians and blood vessels. It is sensitive and kept
moist by saliva, which is indicated tongue’s property is very dry
and hot yang property. It is a moisture sensation organ to reflect
body liquid level, and body water ratio level. It mixes food, taste
food, assistant swallow food; cleaning teeth; make sound, deliver
sound, regulate voice, in charge speaking function, bring mind
information out by go through sound, because sound property is
yang. Reflect whole body condition, especially blood circulation
area condition, reflect blood liquid property condition; reflect heart
condition, bring spirit information out of body; it is a mirror of
heart, blood, and accumulation of pathogen’s heat. Reflect hot and
dry energy condition; additionally reflect body yin liquid
condition.
2. Anatomy of Tongue
The tongue is a muscular orifices organ on the floors of the mouth.
It is a primary organ of taste, as much of the upper surface of the
tongue is covered in papillae and taste buds. It is richly supplied
with nerve meridians and blood vessels. It is sensitive and kept
moist by saliva, which is indicated tongue’s property is very dry
and hot yang property. It is a moisture sensation organ to reflect
body liquid level, and body water ratio level.
3. Functions of Tongue
It has mixed food, taste food, assistant swallow food; cleaning
teeth.
Make sound, deliver sound, regulate voice, in charge speaking
function, bring mind information out by go through sound,
because sound property is yang.
Reflect whole body condition, especially blood circulation area
condition, reflect blood liquid property condition; reflect heart
condition, bring spirit information out of body; it is a mirror of
heart, blood, and accumulation of pathogen’s heat.
Reflect hot and dry energy condition; additionally reflect body yin
liquid condition.
4. Tongue’s Organs Location of Topography

4.1 Pattern one
Tip belongs to the Heart & Lung. Middle belongs to the Stomach
and Spleen. A side belongs to the Liver and Gall Bladder. Root
belongs to the Kidney.
Pattern Two: Upper Jiao, Middle Jiao, Lower Jiao.
4.3 Pattern Three (Dr. Chen’s)

According symmetry principle, left reflect left, right reflect right, center
reflect center.
4.3.1 Right side
Upper: right lung, arm, and shoulder

Middle: right gallbladder, liver
Lower: right kidney, adrenal gland, ovary, hip, leg, and feet
4.3.2 Left side
Upper: left lung, heart, arm, shoulder

Middle: left pancreas, spleen
Lower: left kidney, adrenal gland, ovary, hip, leg, and feet.
4.3.3 Center
Upper: brain, neck, thyroid, esophagus, diaphragm

Middle: stomach, small intestine, middle back
Lower: small and large intestine, low back & abdominal, bladder,
uterine, prostate,
testicles, and sex organs.
5. Normal Tongue & Indication
Soft, flexibility, fresh, light red, thin white coat, proper position (T-D-R 2.1.1 P-12).
6. Why are we looking for tongue?

All organs’ essence rises up to the tongue, it will reflect essence
condition.
The tongue has a lot of small blood vessels, it will reflect blood
condition.
The tongue is a sensation organ which brings the spirit information
out of the body
The tongue is in charge of the taste sensation which directly
affects the appetite; the appetite is one of important desire for
surviving.
The tongue is orifice of heart, the heart is life engine; the tongue
condition will reflect life energy source level.
According to the above four reasons, the tongue can show the
body’s health condition.
The tongue is a mirror for the whole body; it will reflect whole
body condition.
The tongue condition will help to identify good energy yang qi,
dry energy and cold yin energy, moisture liquid condition (excess
or deficiency).
The tongue condition will help to identify pathogen’s location
(deep or shallow, upper or lower)
The tongue condition will help to differentiate pathogen’s property
(cold or heat, dry or damp)
The tongue condition will help to identify pathogen’s activity

condition (increase or decrease, forward or retreat, hiding or
shining, sleep or wake up, accumulation power or decrease
power).
The tongue condition will help to identify illness condition
(good or bad, severe or gentle, serious or mild)
The tongue condition will help to identify illness situation
(urgent or mild, emergency or none emergency)

The tongue condition will help to identify healthy condition and
situation of prevention
- What is current condition?

- What kind pathogen’s property?
- What is the level of amount of pathogens?
- What is pathogen’s situation?
- Continue accumulation or ready to flare up?
- When will be flare up?
7. Cautions in Tongue Observation
7.1 Light
Proper nature day light on sunny day. Proper nature day light on
cloudy day.
Proper electricity lamp light at indoors
7.2 Position and action

Sitting or standing. Open mouth and move out tongue with nature
action.
For special case you can let client repeat showing tongue a few
times
7.3 Order
Tip to the root, tongue color to the coat color, tongue surface,
tongue shape, under tongue (sublingual vein), diet (dye by candy,
chocolate, coffee).
7.4 Season
Spring – more red; summer – more greasy and thick coating;

autumn – more dry; winter – more yellow coating & dark red.
7.5 Weight
Overweight: may be more enlarged and pale, may be very small.

Underweight: may be small, may be large, and darker red.
8. Color definition hue (color degree)
Color has two kind source of material to indication, one is

sunlight, and another is color material pigments. The sunlight is
containing light particle – photon, the common sunlight has red,

The photon particle and pigment particle has contain energy
ability, the both photon particle and pigment particle has contain
warm and dry, cold and moisture of property, material and
information energy power. The pigment color material has ability
to contain and shining out warm and dry, cold and moisture of
property, material and information energy power.
moisture both opposite property condition. The observation color
is becoming very important measurement skill.
9. Saturation definition (condense condition)

saturation degree is 100% when fill 95% material in the bag.
The saturation is describing how much material in a limit size of
container or holder; the saturation is describing how crowd and
condense condition in the container or hold; the saturation is an
indication of contain and holding ability.
This index will reflect texture, power, ability, amount, activity,
intense or not intense, timing, momentum, and potential energy
multiple feature. The saturation is common use for describing
color, liquid, air, space functions and ability.
The high level of saturation is high amount of pathogen heat
The low level of saturation is low amount of pathogen heat
10. Bright degree definition (light degree)

of material; it measures characters of surface material; the small
high.
color particle.
surface area, the bright degree level will be low.
The energy activity direction is toward to the outside, the surface
of material will be more color light particle radiate out to the
surface area, and the bright degree level will be high.
information.
Section Two: Tongue Color

1. Pale Tongue
1.1 Definition
The hue is made by white and red matter with low level of
intensity (20%)
The saturation is in the low level (20%)
The brightness is in the low level (20%)
The pale color is point to have whitish in complexion; low
intensity of red color; low level of red hue color, low brightness
and low saturation characters.
1.2 Pathogenesis indication
Blood solid material (blood cell) deficiency

Less warm and dry energy (yang qi) in the blood area
Excess internal cold due to yang qi deficiency
Excess internal heat damaged blood solid material
Excess internal dry heat damaged blood solid material
Excess internal dry heat damaged blood yin liquid (plasma), the
blood yin cannot carry blood solid material back into main
circulation area (main artery area).
Malnutrition, Poor digestion.
1.3 Symptoms indication
Blood solid material (blood cell) deficiency
Pale face, nail, inner eyelid, tongue, lips.
Less warm and dry energy (yang qi) in the blood area
Easy feel tired, less muscle power, shortness breath; low level of
hemoglobin, iron.
Excess internal cold due to yang qi deficiency
Cold hands, cold feet, afraid of cold, low body temperature.
Excess internal heat damaged blood solid material
More brown spots, dull green purple vein, high level of moon nail,
dark spot on the iris.
Excess internal dry heat damaged blood solid material
Dry ridged nail, dry eye, dry skin, cracking line on tongue, lip, iris,
and bottom feet.
Excess internal dry heat damaged blood yin liquid (plasma), the
blood yin cannot carry blood solid material back into main
circulation area (main artery area)
Thick & dark blood color on hand and feet area, pale nail, pale
tongue, pale eyelids.
Malnutrition, poor digestion
Less food, or over eating, vegetarian; poor appetite, chronic diarrhea.
2. Red Tongue
2.1 Definition
The hue is made by red matter with medium intensity color (50%)
The saturation is in the medium level (50%)
The brightness is in the medium level (50%)
The red color is point to have a color resembling that of blood;
flushed complexion; medium intensity of color; medium hue color,
medium brightness and medium saturation characters. The red
matter is related to nature as red rose, beets, and tomato.
2.2 Pathogenesis indication: Healthy condition, low level excess heat, low
level blood heat.
Healthy condition: Normal appetite, energy level, bowel

movement, urination, good sleep, healthy complexion, hair, skin
condition.
Low level excess heat: Slightly red face, red nose, red eye, red
lips, red skin; a few acne, a few skin red dots; slightly yellow color
urine.
Low level blood heat: Slightly red blood liquid, a few red blood
vessels located on sclera, slightly green color of sublingual vein.
2.4 Different type of red tongue
Light Red, Partial Red, Red, Very Red, Dark Red, Very Dark Red,
Crimson Red.
2.4.1 Light red tongue (normal tongue)
Soft, flexibility, fresh, light red, thin white coat, proper position
(T-D 9.2 P-207)
With low level red hue, medium saturation and brightness (ACTD
2.1.3 P-13)
2.4.2 Partial red tongue
Red part with high hue, medium saturation and brightness (ACTD
2.1.6 P-14) )
2.4.3 Red tongue
With medium hue, medium saturation and brightness (ACTD 2.2.3

P-22)
With high level hue on the tip, medium hue on the other area,
medium saturation and brightness (ACTD 2.1.5 P-14)
2.4.4 Very red tongue
With high level hue, saturation and medium brightness (T-D 9.2 P-
207)
With high level hue, saturation and high brightness (T-D 10.4 P-
210)
2.4.5 Dull red tongue
With low red hue, saturation and low brightness (ACTD 3.5.4 P-
49)
2.4.6 Dark red tongue
With high level hue, saturation on the tip, and medium hue,
saturation on the other part and low level brightness. (ACTD
2.1.11 P-17)
2.4.7 Very dark red tongue
With high hue, saturation and low brightness (T-D 2.16 P-85)
2.4.8 Crimson red tongue

With high hue, saturation and high brightness (T-D 3.5 P-187)
3. Crimson Tongue
3.1 Definition
The hue is made by red matter with high level of intensity

condition (150%)
The saturation is in the high level (150%)
The brightness is in the medium to high level (50-100%)
The crimson color is point to have a color resembling that of deep
red as cherries; flushed slightly dark red complexion; high
intensity of color; high level hue color, medium brightness and
high saturation characters.
Excess heat, dry heat, blood heat, dryness, blood stagnation and
phlegm stagnation.
3.3 Symptoms and signs indication
Excess heat: Obviously red face, nose, ear, lips, skin.

Excess dry heat: Cracking lips, tongue, nail, radiation and cracking
lines in the iris.
Excess blood heat: Sublingual vein, red blood vessel on surface
skin and sclera.
Excess dryness: Thirsty, dry mouth, lip, nose, eye, skin, hair, nail;
constipation.
Excess blood stagnation: Clots, dark, thick of blood, mass, tumor,
pain.
Excess phlegm stagnation: Thick texture phlegm, invisible phlegm
symptoms.
3.4 Different type of crimson tongue

3.4.1 Light crimson tongue
With low hue, medium saturation and low brightness. (ACTD

4.1.3.1 P-74)
3.4.2 Dull crimson tongue
With low hue, medium saturation and low brightness. (ACTD

4.1.3.3 P-75)
With medium hue, saturation and medium brightness, (ACTD
3.4.3 P-44)
3.4.3 Crimson tongue
With high hue, saturation and high brightness. (ACTD 3.2.3 P-39)
With high hue, saturation and medium brightness. (T-D 3.3 P-186)
4. Purple Tongue
4.1 Definition
The hue is made by dark matter and red matter with high level
intensity condition (200%)
The saturation is in the high level (200%)
The brightness is in the dull to medium (20-50%)
The purple color is point to have a dark color made by mixing blue
and red. The color resembling that of liver organ; dull complexion;
high intensity of color; high level dark red hue color, dull
brightness and high level saturation characters.
4.2 Pathogenesis indication: Blood stagnation, blood heat, and dry heat.
Blood stagnation: Clots, dark, thick of blood, mass, tumor, pain.

Excess blood heat: Sublingual vein, red blood vessel on surface
skin and sclera.
Excess dry heat: Cracking lips, tongue, nail, radiation and cracking
lines in the iris.
4.4 Different type of purple tongue

4.4.1 Light red purple tongue
With low red hue, medium saturation and low brightness (ACTD
8.1.1 P-149)
4.4.2 Red purple tongue
Purple with more red, medium hue, saturation and brightness (T-
D-R V4. P-198-199)
Purple line with more red, medium hue, saturation and brightness
(T-D-R V3. P-198-199)
4.4.3 Dark red purple tongue
Purple with dark red, low hue, medium saturation with low
brightness (T-D 3.6 P-187)
Purple with dark red, low hue, high saturation with low brightness
(T-D 5.7 P-193)
Purple with dark red, high hue, saturation with low brightness.
(ACTD 3.4.4 P-45)
4.4.4 Dull crimson purple
With crimson red, high hue, saturation with low brightness (T-D
2.17 P-185)
4.4.5 Light blue purple tongue
Light blue with low hue, medium saturation and low degree
brightness, spiritless.
4.4.6 Blue purple tongue
Dark blue with low hue, medium saturation and low degree
4.4.7 Partial dark purple tongue
Very dark part of tongue body with low hue, high saturation and
low brightness.
4.4.8 Dark purple tongue
Very dark tongue body with low hue, high saturation and low
Section Three: Tongue Shape

1. Long Tongue
1.1 Definition of long tongue
Extending beyond an average or standard

Extending a relatively great distance
The length of tongue is 3.80 inch (9 cm) [ 42]
The long tongue may be longer more than 4 inch (10 cm)
Excess condition. The pathogen’s direction is toward to outside,

which is include toward to the front, back, upper, and lower four
directions.
Excess condition: red face, constipation, high level pain, forceful

pulse.
1.4 Different type of long tongue
Fat, skinny, thicker, thin long tongue.
2 Short Tongues
2.1 Definition of short tongue
Less length more than average or standard

Extending not far or not far enough
The average length of tongue is 3.8 inch (9 cm)
The short tongue is less length under 4 inches (10 cm)

Excess condition with excess body shape
Deficiency condition with deficiency body indication
The pathogen’s direction is toward to inside, as astringent
situation.
Severe condition with severe indication
Looking for excess, deficiency condition.

Looking for internal excess indication, such as iris, nail, and skin.
Looking for severe condition, such as heart beat, pulse, breath,
appetite, eye’s spirit.
2.4 Different type of short tongue
Fat, skinny, thicker, thin short tongue
3. Large Tongue
3.1 Definition of large tongue
Being greater than average size, extent, length, quantity, thickness,

and amount.
The tongue size is big more than normal ratio.
If count widest tongue as 7.9 cm, the average wide of tongue is
7.9/2=3.85cm (1.5inch), the wide of large tongue is more than 1.5
inch. If count average length of tongue is 10 cm (4inch), the length
of large tongue is more than 4 inch.
Excess multiple heat, liquid, dampness, turbid liquid (yin), phlegm

stagnation.
Excess multiple heat stagnation

Redness indication: red face, nose, skin, acne, boil, rash, bleeding.
Excess liquid stagnation: overweight, edema
Excess dampness stagnation: eczema, loose stool, skin excretion.
Excess turbid liquid (Yin) stagnation
Edema, mucus edema, chest and abdominal accumulation turbid
liquid.
Excess phlegm stagnation: too much phlegm
3.4 Different type of large tongue: Thicker and thin large tongue
4. Small Tongue
4.1 Definition of small tongue
Being below the average in size, length, amount, thickness, extent.

The tongue size is small more than normal ratio. If count widest
tongue as 7.9 cm, the average wide of tongue is 7.9/2=3.85cm
(1.5inch), the wide of small tongue is less than 1.5 inch. If the
length of tongue is 10 cm (4inch), the small tongue is less than 4
inch.
Excess condition with excess body shape, such as excess dry heat.
Deficiency condition with deficiency body indication, such as Qi,
blood, liquid deficiency. The pathogen’s direction is toward to
inside, as astringent situation, such as accumulation multiple
stagnations (heat, phlegm, blood, feces, food, and Qi).
Overweight, constipation, difficulty falling sleep.
Deficiency condition with deficiency body indication
such as: Qi, blood, liquid deficiency:

- Qi deficiency: less talking, less outdoor activity, depression.
- Blood deficiency: short menstruation, amenorrhea.
- Body liquid deficiency: thirsty, dry mouth, easy sweating.

situation, such as accumulation multiple stagnations (heat, phlegm,
blood, feces, food, and Qi). Overweight, high cholesterol, high fat,
high blood sugar.
4.4 Different type of small tongue: Thicker, thin, short, and long small
tongue.
5. Fat Tongue
5.1 Definition of fat tongue
Thick at up and down, wide at left and right, and longer are fat
characters.
The normal thickness of tongue consider as ear helix part, which is
close to ear lobe.
The thickness of fat tongue is thicker more than ear helix part,
which is close to ear lobe.
The wide size of fat tongue is great more than 1.5 inches.
The longer of fat tongue is great more than 4 inches.
The short of fat tongue is less more than 4 inch.
Excess multiple heats, liquid, dampness, turbid liquid (yin),

phlegm stagnations.
Deficiency warm energy, such as Qi, Yang Qi deficiency.
Excess multiple heat stagnation
Redness indication: red face, nose, skin, acne, boil, rash, bleeding.
Excess liquid stagnation: overweight, edema.

Excess dampness stagnation: eczema, loose stool, skin excretion.
Excess turbid liquid (Yin) stagnation: edema, mucus edema, chest
and abdominal accumulation turbid liquid.
Excess phlegm stagnation: too much phlegm
Deficiency warm energy, such as Qi, Yang Qi, blood deficiency
- Qi deficiency: shortness breath, easy feel tire.
- Yang Qi deficiency: chronic feel cold, dull stomach pain, loose
stool.
- Blood deficiency: pale lip, tongue, nail, skin with easy dizzy, tire,
palpitation.
5.4 Different type of fat tongue: Long, short, pale, very red, purple fat
tongues.
6. Skinny Tongue
6.1 Definition of skinny tongue
Thin, narrow, and short are skinny characters.

The normal thickness of tongue consider as ear helix part, which is
close to ear lobe.
The thickness of skinny tongue is less than ear helix part, which is
close to ear lobe.
The wide size of tongue is less more than 1.5 inch.
The longer of skinny tongue is great more than 4 inches.
The short of skinny tongue is less more than 4 inch.
blood, liquid deficiency.
blood, feces, food, and Qi).

blood, yin deficiency.
- Yin deficiency: thirsty, dry mouth, easy sweating.

Overweight, high cholesterol, high fat, high blood sugar.
6.4 Different type of skinny tongue
Long & short skinny tongue. Tip skinny & root fat tongue. Tip fat
& root skinny tongue.
7. Thicker Tongue
7.1 Definition of thicker tongue
Being relatively great extent from one surface to the other; as thick
at up and down.
The thickness of thicker tongue is thicker more than ear helix part,
which is great more than ear lobe.
Contagious excess toxicity heat. Internal excess heart heat, blood

heat, dry heat, multiple excess heats over rising to upper body
area.
Contagious excess toxicity heat: high temperature fever

Internal excess heart heat: insomnia, angry, anxiety, panic attack,
tongue canker sore.
Internal excess blood heat: dark color & thick texture of blood
liquid, bleeding, clots, varicose vein, and artery vessel damage
(lost pulse at wrist area).
Internal excess dry heat: such as dry hair, eye, ear, nose, tongue,
lips, mouth, hand, feet, even sex organs, constipation, dark yellow
urine, less sweat, night sweat.
Internal multiple excess heat over rising to upper body area:
Red eye, scalp, neck, nose, sore throat, headache, dizzy, ear pain.
7.4 Different type of thicker tongue: Long, short, wide, narrow thicker
tongue.
8. Thin Tongue
8.1 Definition of thin tongue
Relatively small in extent from one surface to the opposite side

fine, narrow, slim or lean.
The thickness of thin tongue is less than ear helix part, which is
close to ear lobe.


- Yin deficiency: thirsty, dry mouth, easy sweating.

blood, feces, food, and Qi). Overweight, high cholesterol, high fat,
high blood sugar.
8.4 Different type of thin tongue
Large thin tongue. Small thin tongue. Pale, very red, crimson,
purple thin tongue.
9. Swollen Tongue
9.1 Definition of swollen tongue
The swollen is one of indication of infection; the infection is

severe heat condition of Chinese Herbal Remedies.
The swollen also are related to inflammation, edema, and water
retention; all these signs are indication of abnormal heat.
Contagious excess toxicity heat, heart heat, blood heat, dry heat,
multiple excess heats over rising to upper body area.
Contagious excess toxicity heat: High temperature fever

Internal excess heart heat: insomnia, angry, anxiety, panic attack,
tongue canker sore.
Internal excess blood heat: dark color & thick texture of blood
liquid, bleeding, clots, varicose vein, and artery vessel damage
(lost pulse at wrist area).
Internal excess dry heat: such as dry hair, eye, ear, nose, tongue,
lips, mouth, hand, feet, even sex organs, constipation, dark yellow
urine, less sweat, night sweat.
Internal multiple excess heat over rising to upper body area
Red eye, scalp, neck, nose, sore throat, headache, dizzy, ear pain.
9.4 Different type of swollen tongue: Whole, upper, lower, center, side of
tongue’s body swollen.
10. Sinking Tongue
10.1 Definition of sinking tongue
The sinking has being fall, move downward, vertical, from upper
going to lower direction, or drop to a lower level characters.
It is indication of energy, tissue being move toward to the internal
area. It is one of dryness and heat indication. It is one of warm and
moisture energy deficiency indication.
Excess heat. Excess heat damaged local energy and tissue; it is

energy and local tissue collapse condition. Excess heat with
astringent situation. Excess heat is toward to the deep and internal
direction, and lead local tissue sinking down
Qi deficiency: less energy to fill the local tissue
Yin liquid deficiency: less lubrication energy to nourish local
tissue
Excess heat: looking for hide heat

Excess heat with astringent situation; looking for accumulation
heat.
Qi deficiency: looking for local organ’s poor function indication
Yin liquid deficiency: looking for local dry heat indication
10.4 Different type of sinking tongue
Upper, middle, lower, side of tongue tissue sinking down.
11. Triangle Tongue

11.1 Definition of triangle tongue
A triangle is one of the basic shapes of geometry

The triangle tongue is point to wide of tongue root, and very
narrow, sharp of tip shape.
According to the Chinese Herbal Remedies' morphology, the
triangle shape is warm, hot, and Yang indication.
11.2 Pathogenesis indication: Excess multiple heat
11.3 Symptoms indication: Redness, dryness, turbid excretion indication.
11.4 Different type of triangle tongue
Large, small, fat, narrow, thicker, thin triangle tongues.
12. Side Tongue Upper – Center Tongue Sinking (Barbecue)

12.1 Definition of side tongue upper – center tongue sinking (barbecue)
The side tongue tissue is rising up, and center tongue tissue
sinking down, as two directions indication. This is tongue received
dry heat reaction indication.
When tongue received dry heat, the center tissue lost body liquid,
and tissue is turning to contract action, which is cause center tissue
sinking down, and pulling up side of tongue tissue.
12.2 Pathogenesis indication: Excess dry heat and blood heat

Excess dry heat: Redness with Dryness

Excess blood heat: Thicker blood liquid with bleeding
12.4 Different type of side tongue up – center tongue sinking – (barbecue)
Tongue tip up – upper center sinking

Front half side of tongue up – center tongue sinking
13. Tip Sinking Inside Tongue

13.1 Definition of tip sinking inside tongue
The sinking has being retreat, move back, horizontal, from tip
front going to back root direction characters. This is indication
excess heats locate in heart, brain area.
The excess heat cause internally tissue lost lubrication liquid,
which is dry out the tissue, the tissue will have contract reaction,
and pulling tip area tissue back, and cause tongue tip tissue have
sinking back shape.
13.2 Pathogenesis indication: Excess heart heat and dry heat
Excess heart heat: Redness with heat indication

Excess heart dry heat: Purple with dryness indication
13.4 Different type of tip sinking inside tongue
Slightly tip and obviously tip sinking
14 Teeth Mark Tongue

14.1 Definition of tip sinking inside tongue
The mark is a visible sign

The teeth mark is a group or single signs, which is usually with
pressure down teeth sign.
This is an indication of when enlarged tongue body over pressure
to the teeth, then cause teeth mark on the front and side of tongue
tissue.
Another teeth mark indication is causing by internal dry heat, the
dry heat is tongue tissue dry out, and tongue tissue has contract
reaction, which is pulling down the surface tissue to cause teeth
mark, usually with small size of tongue shape.
Spleen Qi deficiency (Stomach Qi deficiency). Excess dampness,

heat, dry heat.
Spleen Qi deficiency (Stomach Qi deficiency): Poor digestion

Excess dampness: Turbid excretion, edema
Excess heat: Redness indication
Excess dry heat: Purple with dryness indication
14.4 Different type of tip sinking inside tongue
Large & small tongue with teeth mark. Fat & thin tongue with
teeth mark.
15. Bump Tissue on the Tongue

15.1 Definition of bump tissue on the tongue
The bump is point to the raised, rounded spot, a bulge, a slight

swelling, and lump characters. The bump located on the side of
tongue are stagnation blocked circulation indication; the side of
tongue are gallbladder meridian line location indication, the
gallbladder is in charge transfer and transforming function; if
gallbladder has stagnation, it will cause poor circulation condition.
The bump located on the surface of tongue is excess heat and
stagnation indication.
15.2 Pathogenesis indication: Excess heat

15.3 Symptoms indication: Swelling, redness, dryness, abscesses, mass.
15.4 Different type of bump tissue of tongue
Side bump of tongue and center bump of tongue
16 Double Tongues
16.1 Definition of double tongue
Composed of two like parts, twice as much in size, strength,

number, or amount.
The side of bottom tongue tissue is enlarged, looks like have
second tongue.
Excess heart heat and excess contagious heat with internal heart
heat
16.3 Symptoms indication: Fever, abnormal emotion, more sees in children

condition.
16.4 Different Type of Double Tongue (No information)
17. Side of Tongue Shrinking
17.1 Definition of side of tongue shrinking
There are three type shrinking tongue
One is sinking has being fall, move downward, vertical, from
upper going to lower direction, or drop to a lower level characters.
Two is sinking has being retreat, move back, horizontal, from tip
front going to back root direction characters.
Three is sinking has being shrinking, move to center, horizontal,
from side front going to center direction characters.
It is indication of energy, tissue being move toward to the internal
area. It is one of dryness and heat indication. It is one of warm
energy, and moisture energy deficiency indication. This is
indication excess heats locate in liver, pancreas, spleen, brain area.
The excess heat cause internally tissue lost lubrication liquid,
which is dry out the tissue, the tissue will have contract reaction,
and pulling tip area tissue back, and cause tongue side tissue have
sinking to center shape.
17.2 Pathogenesis indication: Excess heat and dry heat

Excess heat: Redness, swelling, pain.

Excess dry heat: Purple, dryness, yin deficiency
17.4 Different type of side of tongue shrinking
Upper side, middle side, and lower side of tongue shrinking
Section Four: Tongue Surface

1. Red Dots Tongue
1.1 Definition of red dots tongue
A tiny or small round red color mark in the tongue. The red dot is
indicated excess heat.
The crimson red dot is indicated excess blood heat and contagious
heat.
The purple red dot is indicated excess dry heat and blood
stagnation.
1.2 Pathogenesis indication (see front)
1.3 Symptoms indication (see front)
1.4 Different location of red dots on the tongue
Tip, side, back, and whole tongue area of red dots.
1.5 Different types of red dots on the tongue
Small, large, flat, bump, thorn shape and size of red dots.
2. Red Thorns Tongue

2.1 Definition of red thorns tongue
A red color and sharp structure on the tongue surface.

It is high level and very excess heat indication.

2.4 Different location of red thorns tongue
Tip, side, back, and whole tongue area of red thorns.
3. Enlarged Circumvallate Papillae Tongue

3.1 Definition of enlarged circumvallate papillae tongue
The circumvallate papillae (or vallate papillae) are dome-shaped

structures on the back of human tongue that vary in number from
eight to twelve.
They are forming a row on either side; the two rows run backward
and medially and meet in the midline.
Each papilla consists of a projection of mucous membrane from 1
to 2 mm. wide, attached to the bottom of a circular depression of
the mucous membrane (some text referred to as moats); the margin
of the depression is elevated to form a wall (vallum).
This is excess heat in the lower jiao area indication.

This is excess kidney heat indication.
This is excess large intestine dry heat indication.
The excess heat in the lower jiao area indication: veracious vein
The excess kidney heat indication: hip, knee, ankle issue
The excess large intestine dry heat indication: constipation,
hemorrhoid
4. One of Each Enlarged Lingual Tonsil (back tongue area)

4.1 Definition of one of each enlarged lingual tonsil tongue
The lingual tonsils are rounded masses of lymphatic tissue that

cover on the posterior region of the tongue.
Their lymphatic tissues are dense and nodular. They are partially
surrounded by connective tissue placing them in the group of
Partially-Encapsulated Lymphatic Organs. They have associated
mucus glands which are drained by ducts directly into the single
tonsillar crypt (glandular cavity in the body).

5. Purple Spots Tongue
5.1 Definition of purple spots tongue
A mark or multiple marks on a tongue surface differing sharply in

purple color
The purple spot is indicated blood stagnation
The purple spot is indicated excess blood heat
The purple spot is indicated excess dry heat
The purple spot is indicated yin liquid deficiency
The purple spot is indicated blood stagnation

The purple spot is indicated excess blood heat
The purple spot is indicated excess dry heat
The purple spot is indicated yin liquid deficiency
The indicated of blood stagnation: pain, accumulation.

The indicated of excess blood heat: bleeding, malignant mass.
The indicated of excess dry heat: yin liquid deficiency, atrophy.
The indicated of yin liquid deficiency: dryness, thirsty.
5.4 Different type of purple spots tongue
Surface, under, brown, dark, dots, belt; tip, side and whole tongue
of purple spots.
6. Cracking Tongue
6.1 Definition of cracking tongue
A partial split or break of tongue body.

Being break without complete separation of tongue body.
The cracking tongue is excess dry heat indication.
The cracking tongue is yin liquid deficiency indication.
The cracking tongue is excess dry heat and yin liquid deficiency
indication
The excess dry heat indication: soft tissue shrinking, power tissue
atrophy, dryness, hard tissue expending.
The yin liquid deficiency indication: thirsty
6.4 Different type of cracking tongue

6.4.1 Vertical cracking: Upper, middle, lower, and whole tongue vertical
cracking.
6.4.2 Horizontal cracking: Upper, middle, lower, side and whole tongue
horizontal cracking.
7. Mirror Tongue
7.1 Definition of mirror tongue
A tongue surface have reflecting enough undiffused light to form

an image of an object placed in front of it. The mirror tongue is yin
liquid deficiency indication. The mirror tongue is blood heat
indication. The mirror tongue is later stage condition indication.
The mirror tongue is yin liquid deficiency indication. The mirror

tongue is blood heat indication. The mirror tongue is later stage
The yin liquid deficiency indication: thirsty. The blood heat

indication: pain.
The later stage condition indication: very skinny, very pale, very
emaciation
7.4 Different type of mirror tongue (No information)

8. Dry Surface Tongue
8.1 Definition of dry surface tongue
Is marked by the absence of natural or normal moisture on the

surface of tongue. It is yin liquid deficiency indication. It is excess
dry heat indication.

8.4 Different location of dry surface tongue: Tip, middle, back, whole tongue
area.
9. Moisture Tongue
9.1 Definition of moisture tongue
Condensed liquid on the surfaces of tongue: This is dampness

indication.
This is excess dry heat indication, because the yin liquid is going
down to the lower body from head; the excess dry heat rise up
from lower body, if the dry heat is in excess condition, the excess
dry heat will against and force body liquid stay at upper body area,
and the body liquid cannot going down to the lower body area on
time; the tongue will have moisture indication.

9.4 Different type of moisture tongue: Slightly, medium, and watery
moisture.
10. Phlegm on Surface Tongue
10.1 Definition of phlegm on surface tongue
Thick, sticky, stringy mucus secreted by the mucous membrane of

the respiratory tract, or digestion tract; and located on the tongue
surface.
This is indicated phlegm heat, dry heat, yin liquid deficiency and
later stage condition

10.4 Different type of phlegm on surface tongue
Slightly slimy saliva surface of tongue. Medium slimy saliva with

bubble
Obviously phlegm
11. Bleeding Tongue

11.1 Definition of bleeding tongue
The blood is running out from blood vessel on the surface of

tongue.
It is blood heat indication. It is excess heart heat indication.

11.4 Different bleeding tongue: Old bleeding spot. Fresh red blood bleeding.
12. Canker Sore Tongue
12.1 Definition of canker sore tongue
The canker sore, is a type of mouth ulcer; a lesion of the skin or a

mucous membrane which presents as open wound with swollen,
red edge, yellow base; and a painful open sore inside the mouth,
tongue, or upper throat characterized by a break in the mucous
membrane. It has multiple, or recurring flare up, its cause is
unknown, but they are not contagious. This is excess heat, dry heat
and heart heat indication.
12.2 Pathogenesis Indication (see front)

12.3 Symptoms Indication (see front)
12.4 Different location of canker sore tongue
Surface, tip, side, upper, middle, lower and under tongue canker
sore.
13. Melanoma Tongue

13.1 Definition of melanoma tongue
Melanoma is a mass related to malignant heat; it is cause by

abnormal dark pigment skin tissue (melanocytes). Melanoma can
occur in any part of the body that contains dark pigment cells or
tissue, such as eye, nail, mouth, and internal organs. Melanoma is
more frequent happening in women than in men; there is high rate
of melanoma incidence in sunny climate area.
This is excess dry heat, blood heat, and malignant dry heat
indication.

13.3.1 Early signs
Change in shape and color of existing moles

Appearance of a new lump anywhere on the skin
13.3.2 Later signs
The mole may itch, ulceration, bleeding. Asymmetry (not

symmetry). Borders (irregular). Color (variegated). Diameter
(greater than 6 mm (0.24 inch), about the size of a pencil eraser).
Evolving over time, elevated above the skin surface, firm to the
touch, growing.
14. Malignant mass Tongue

14.1 Definition of malignant mass tongue
Malignant mass means that the new unusual cells go through
mutation, growth, divided and reproduced, and copied. They
repeatedly copied way to make unusual malignant cells or tumor
cells. Malignant mass heat invades normal tissue by saturating,
expanding, and spreading. They transform and spread to other
tissue or organs by going through blood vessels and lymphatic
vessels. They induce new unusual tissue hyperplasia to make new
transformed malignant tumors. These mutated, malignant, and
unusual cells are called cancer cells.
Malignant mass particles have special features. They have

continued chaotic, uncontrollable reproduction. This reproduction
could be by numbers or volume. They replace normal growth
pattern, disturb other tissue and organ function. They scramble the
nutrition of other tissues. Consequently, they invade and damage
functions of different body organs. Clients bear and suffer the
mental and physical agonies of weight loss, pain and getting
weaker day by day. Finally, they consume the client’s life energy
until empty.
This is excess dry heat, blood heat and malignant dry heat
indication.
A lump, white spot or ulcer on the outer layer of the tongue, no

pain, a little slur, a bump on the neck (swollen lymph).
This tumor is usually located on the side, or lateral border.
It is usually somewhat ulcerated and is grayish-pink to red in color
It will often bleed easily if bitten or touched
14.4 Different type of tongue cancer
When cancer forms in the front two-thirds of the tongue, it is

classified as a type of oral cavity cancer called oral tongue cancer.
Cancer that develops in the remaining third of the tongue is called
tongue base cancer and is considered a form of throat cancer.
15. Sublingual Vein

15.1 Definition of sublingual vein
Veins are blood vessels that carry blood towards the heart. Most
veins carry deoxygenated blood from the tissues back to the heart.
The sublingual vein is a vein which drains blood away from the
tongue
This is excess internal heat, blood heat and excess dry heat
indication
15.3 Symptoms Indication (see front)

15.4 Different type of sublingual vein
Full size, half size, dot size, wide, fine dark green sublingual vein.
16. Flat Tongue

16.1Definition of flat tongue
The deficiency of flat is point to a horizontal surface without a

slope, tilt, curvature, and a smooth, even, level surface character.
The deficiency of flat tongue is point to a tongue have a smooth,
even, level surface, and without tilt, fold, bump, sinking down
characters.
This is indicated energy or pathogens stay in the middle area, or it

is indication either no over rising or no over sinking down
condition.
16.3 Symptoms indication (no information)

16.4 Different type of flat tongue (no information)
17. Bump Tongue
17.1 Definition of bump tongue
Bump is a rounded spot raised and increase up from flat surface of

tongue, which has a slight swelling, a bulge, and lump characters.
This is stagnation heat and blood heat indication
17.3 Symptoms Indication (no information)

17.4 Different location of bump tongue
Single or multiple, upper, middle, and lower area bump of tongue
18. None Cracking Tongue

18.1 Definition of none cracking tongue
The none cracking tongue is point to the tongue surface no any

kind cracking line, or cracking indication; usually it is indicated a
good condition of body; but in curtain situation, the none cracking
tongue is indicated pathogens in the astringent and toward to
internal direction, and accumulation dry heat in the deep body
condition.

This is indicated good yin liquid condition with no severe
condition.
This is indication excess dry heat, or malignant heat hiding and
astringent in the internal body area with severe condition or
western diagnosis.
18.3 Symptoms indication (see practice)

18.4 Different type of none cracking tongue (no information)
Section Five: Tongue Situation
1. Trembling Tongue (No Picture)
1.1 Definition of trembling tongue
The definition of trembling tongue is point to shake involuntarily,

vibrate, and felt or see a tremor action.
Contagious pathogen heat, excess and acute internal wind, excess

and chronic internal wind, deficiency and chronic Qi, blood, yang
condition; deficiency and chronic body yin liquid condition.
Contagious pathogen heat: fast trembling with very red color.

Excess and acute internal wind: fast trembling with very red color.
Excess and chronic internal wind: weak trembling with purple red.
Deficiency and chronic Qi, blood, yang condition: weak trembling
with pale. Deficiency and chronic body yin liquid condition:
trembling with dry, cracking, crimson and purple color.
1.4 Different location of trembling tongue
Tip, upper area of trembling tongue
2. Deviated Tongue
2.1 Definition of deviated tongue
The definition of deviated tongue is point to the upper tongue body
is turning to aside from root during the showing tongue movement.
Internal wind blocked channel. Internal wind with phlegm blocked

channel. Liver wind stirring with spasm.
Early sign of stroke
- The tongue is toward left; the pathogen is located in right.

- The tongue is toward right; the pathogen is located in left.
2.3 Symptoms indication: The deviated tongue is symptom indication.
2.4 Different types of deviated tongue
The deviated tongue with red purple color is liver wind stirring
with spasm. The deviated tongue with pale red color is after stroke
with limbs paralysis. The tip deviated tongue is early sign of stroke
indication. The tip deviated tongue is early sign of brain mass
indication.
3. Stick out and moving around tongue

3.1 Definition of stick out and moving around tongue
The definition of stick out and moving around tongue is point to

the tip of tongue is moving out a little be, then pulling back in the
mouth; or the tip of tongue moving around to lips with trembling.
Contagious pathogen heat with internal wind, excess heart heat

with internal wind, excess spleen heat with internal wind, defect
child.
The contagious pathogen heat is into heart with dark purple tongue
color. The good Zhen Qi is gone with dark purple tongue color. It
is early sign of liver wind stirring with spasm condition. It is sign
of yin liquid deficiency condition
3.4 Different types of stick out and moving around tongue (no information)
4. Paralysis Tongue
4.1 Definition of paralysis tongue
The definition of paralysis tongue is point the tongue loss or

impairment of the ability to move a tongue body part, inability to
move or function; total stoppage or severe impairment of tongue
activity; usually as a result of damage to its nerve meridians
supply. Usually combination with loss of sensation over a region
of the tongue body.
Liver wind with phlegm blocked channel. Liver wind stirring with
blood deficiency. Excess dry heat damaged brain yin liquid.
After stroke indication, during the stroke indication, early sign of

stroke indication.
4.4 Different types of paralysis tongue
The paralysis tongue with toward to the left side, right side or
center of tongue.
Section Six: Tongue Property

1. Stiff Tongue
1.1 Definition of stiff tongue
The definition of stiff tongue has not easy moving or operating

freely; lacking comfort of movement characters; the tongue body
looks like firm, steady, and difficult moving; the tongue surface is
lacked liquid and lubrication; and the tongue surface looks like
dry.
1.2 Indication of stiff tongue (see 1.1)
1.3 Pathogenesis Indication
Contagious multiple heat, internal multiple heat, severe later stage

condition.
1.4 Symptoms Indication
Severe later stage indication: dying, severe condition before flare

up.
1.5 Type of stiff tongue: Pale, red, crimson and purple stiff tongue.
2. Soft Tongue
2.1 Definition of Soft Tongue
The definition of soft tongue is point to easily molded, flabby,

smooth or fine to the touch, gentle disposition, tender, lacking
strength of character; and also weak, not firm, not hard characters
of tongue.
2.2 Pathogenesis Indication: Qi, blood, liquid deficiency with excess dry
heat.
Qi deficiency: Tiredness
Blood deficiency: Pale
Excess dry heat: Dryness
Body liquid deficiency: Thirsty
Body Yin liquid extremely deficiency: Severe lose weight,
tiredness, paralysis, bleeding.
2.4 Type of soft tongue: Pale, red, crimson, and purple soft tongue.
3. Fresh Tongue (Tender Tongue)
3.1 Definition of fresh tongue
The definition of fresh tongue is point to the tongue has newly,

recently, active, mild condition and shining, moisture, young
characters.
The definition of tender tongue is point to looks like soft, small,
thin layer, more moisture, and fragile; sensitive, and soft
characters.
It is new pathogen. It is indication of Immune yang qi not

deficiency condition. It is indication of Immune yin liquid not
polluted condition
It is indicated of a new symptoms condition. It is indication of new

and beginning disease condition. It is indication of acute condition.
It is indication of mild condition.
3.4 Type of fresh tongue: Fresh pale, red, crimson, and purple tongue.
4 Old Tongues
4.1 Definition of old tongue
The definition of old tongue is point to the tongue has not newly,
not beginning growth, not recently, slow active or fast active,
critical condition and dull, dry, aging characters. Definitely here is
not point to living longer or existed for a relatively long time; here
is point to tongue has rough, dry, cracking, bumping, none fresh,
dull color, lack lubrication, lack freely movement, lack life energy
indication characters.
Pathogenesis Indication
It is indicated of old pathogen condition. It is indication of mild
active action, or severe action of pathogens and pathogenesis. It is
indication of Immune yang qi deficiency condition. It is indication
of Immune yin liquid polluted condition. This is multiple severe
excess condition indication. This is multiple severe deficiency
Symptoms Indication
It is indicated of a chronic symptoms condition. It is indication of
another new and beginning with original disease. It is indication of
chronic and chronic with new flare up condition. It is indication of
severe condition. Severe excess condition indication: multiple
heats. Severe deficiency condition indication: multiple yin liquid
deficiency
Type of old tongue: Old pale, red, crimson, and purple tongue.
5 High level Hue Tongue (Shining Tongue)

5.1 Definition of High level Hue Tongue
The hue is point to the particular of color. The high level hue is
point to this color located in high gradation area, which has high
degree coloration, high degree saturation, and high degree amount
of pigment particle characters. The basic character is shining
indication.
It is most indication of heat, dry yang pathogens and pathogenesis

excess condition.
symptoms Indication: Newly, current, excess, acute, heat and dry
conditions.
Type of high level hue tongue: Shining of pale, red, crimson, and
dark tongue.
6. Low Level Hue Tongue (Dull Tongue)

6.1 Definition of Low level Hue Tongue
The hue is point to the particular of color. The low level hue is
point to the color located in low gradation area, which has low
degree coloration, low degree saturation, low degree amount of
pigment particle characters. The basic character is dull indication.
Pathogenesis Indication
It can be cold, moisture yin energy excess indication. It can be
cold, moisture yin pathogens and pathogenesis excess condition
indication. It can be warm and dry yang energy deficiency
indication. It can be heat, dry yang energy excess indication. It can
be heat, dry yang pathogens and pathogenesis excess condition
indication.
Newly and old, current and history, excess and deficiency; dry
heat and deficiency cold, turbid dampness; acute and chronic; mild
and critical condition.
6.4 Type of low level hue tongue: Dull pale, red, crimson, and purple tongue.
Part Four: Tongue Coating

The information source is basic come from Kirschbaum, Barbara. (2000).
“Atlas of Chinese Tongue Diagnosis” (ACTD). Eastland Press. Seattle, WA:
2000 [43]. Chen, Ze-Lin and Chen, Mei-Fang. (1998). “The Essence and
Scientific Background of Tongue Diagnosis” (T-D-R). OHAI Press. Long
Beach, CA: 1998. [44] And Xin, Ying and Guo, Xen Zhen. (2001). “Tongue
Diagnosis” (T-D). Tianjin Science and Technology Translation Publishing
Company, Tianjin, China: 2001. [45]
Chapter One: Color of Tongue Coating
Section One: White Coating
1. Normal White Coating
1.1 Definition of normal white coating
The hue is balance white color. The saturation is in the balance

level of white matter (50%). The brightness is normal (50%). The
texture is balance, not wet, not dry.
The white color is an achromatic color and maximum lightness;
the white color of objects that reflect nearly all light of all visible
wavelengths; the white color is complement or antagonist of black
color. Although typically a response to maximum stimulation of
the retina. The white matter is related to the nature egg white, or
white rose, or silver color.
1.2 Pathogenesis indication: Normal balance and astringent and hiding

condition
Normal balance condition: no indication

Astringent and hiding condition: see nail, iris, and skin condition.
1.4 Different location of normal white coating
Partial normal white coating, whole tongue normal white coating
2. Slightly White Coating

2.1 Definition of slightly white coating
The hue is balance white color. The saturation is in the balance

level of white matter (55%). The brightness is slightly over
balance point (55%). The texture is balanced. The slightly is refer
to a small degree increase up, or amount increase up; or range
extent more.
Normal balance, slightly external digestion cold and external cold

condition.
Normal balance condition: no indication

Slightly internal cold condition: stomach ache
Slightly external cold condition: running nose
Partial slightly white coating and whole tongue slightly white

coating
3. Slightly Dull White Coating
3.1 Definition of slightly dull white coating
The hue is balance white color. The saturation is in the balance of

white matter (50%). The brightness is slightly dull (35%). The
texture is balanced. The dull has lack brightness character.
3.2 Pathogenesis indication: Slightly external digestion cold and external cold
condition
Slightly external digestion cold condition: stomach ache

External cold condition: running nose & congestion, chill, muscle
ache, cough, feverish.
Partial slightly dull white coating and whole tongue slightly dull
white coating
4. Dull White Coating

4.1 Definition of dull white coating
The hue is balance white color. The saturation is in the balance of

white matter (50%). The brightness is slightly dull (20%). The
texture can be both way, dry or wet.
The texture can be both way, dry or wet.

External digestion, joints, muscle, meridians cold condition
External defense qi deficiency with cold condition.
External digestion cold condition: stomach ache

External joints cold condition: joints cold pain
External muscle cold condition; muscle ache
External defense qi deficiency with cold condition: running nose,
nose congestion, chill, muscle ache, cough, tired, feverish.
4.4 Different location of dull white coating
white coating
5. Bright White Coating

5.1 Definition of Bright White Coating
The hue is a much stronger white color, or very strong hue. The
saturation is in the high level of white matter (80-100%). The
brightness is in the high level of degree (80-100%). The texture is
slightly toward to dry and hard. The bright means reflect light in
large amounts and shining.
External digestion, joints, muscle, meridians cold condition change

to heat condition.
Internal organs heat. Contagious pathogen heat
External digestion cold with heat condition: stomach ache with

thirsty
External joints cold with heat condition: joints cold pain with
swelling
External muscle cold with heat condition; muscle ache with local
skin redness
Internal organs lung heat: sore throat, cough with yellow mucus
Internal organs liver heat: red eye, easy angry, red and swelling
joints.
Contagious pathogen heat: fever, severe condition.
5.4 Different location of bright white coating
white coating
6. Thin White Coating

6.1 Definition of Thin White Coating
The hue is normal white color. The saturation is in the balance

level of white matter (50%). The brightness is slightly dull (45%).
The texture is balance. The thin has slim or lean characters, which
means fewer amounts on the layer.
External digestion, joints, muscle, meridians light cold condition.
External digestion light cold condition: light stomach ache

External joints light cold condition: light joints cold pain
External muscle light cold condition; light muscle ache
6.4 Different location of thin white coating
Partial thin white coating and whole tongue thin white coating
7. Slightly Thick White Coating

7.1 Definition of Slightly Thick White Coating
The hue is even stronger white color. The saturation is in the

slightly high level of white matter (65 %). The brightness is
slightly dull or higher level (30-70 %). The texture is toward to the
dry and hard condition. The thick has fat, over size, which means
have large amount material on the layer.

7.2.1 Dull slightly thick white coating
External digestion, joints, muscle, meridians mild cold condition

Bright slightly thick white coating
External digestion dampness heat, pathogens go into internal and
internal dampness heat.
7.3 Symptoms Indication (see practice)

External digestion, joints, muscle, meridians mild cold condition
7.3.2 Bright slightly thick white coating
External digestion dampness heat and internal dampness heat
7.4 Different location of slightly thick white coating
Partial slightly thick white coating and whole tongue slightly thick
white coating
8. Thick White Coating

8.1 Definition of Slightly Thick White Coating
The hue is an even stronger white color. The saturation is in the

high level of white matter (80-100%). The brightness is slightly
dull or high level (30-70 %). The texture can be both way, dry or
wet; hard or soft.

8.2.1 Dull thick white coating
External digestion, joints, muscle, meridians chronic damp cold,

phlegm, food stagnation condition.
External digestion dampness heat, phlegm, food stagnation

phlegm, food stagnation.
8.3 Symptoms Indication (see practice)

phlegm, food stagnation.
External digestion dampness heat, phlegm, food stagnation.

Internal dampness heat, phlegm stagnation.
8.4 Different location of slightly thick white coating
Partial thick white coating and whole tongue thick white coating
9. Moisture & Slippery White Coating

9.1 Definition of slightly thick white coating
The hue is a strong white color. The saturation is in the low level
or high level of white matter (30-80%). The brightness is slightly
dull or high level (30-80 %). The texture is soft and wet. The
definition of moisture is point to more water wet material located
on subject surface; which means it may causing or tending to
cause things to slip or slide. In here, the wet surface character is
described by slippery.
Yang Qi deficiency, cold invasion, dampness invasion, turbid

liquid (yin) accumulation, phlegm accumulation, rising dry heat
force yin liquid cannot going down.
Yang Qi deficiency: lack warm energy indication

Cold invasion: deficiency cold indication
Dampness invasion: loose stool, abnormal skin secretion
Turbid liquid (yin) accumulation: edema
Phlegm accumulation: too much visible phlegm
Rising dry heat force yin liquid cannot going down: dryness on
low body
9.4 Different location of moisture and slippery white coating
Partial moisture and slippery coating and whole tongue moisture

and slippery coating
10. Greasy White Coating

10.1 Definition of greasy white coating
The hue is a stronger white color. The saturation is in the high
level of white matter (60-100%). The brightness is slightly dull or
high level (30-70 %).
The texture is soft and wet. The definition of grease is point to the
soft or melted animal fat texture material; the greasy is containing
the grease. Also the coating particle may lose, may close; may
small, may large. The coating layer may thin, may thick; but it
always covered by greasy texture.
Excess dampness turbid accumulation in the internal body area

Good yang qi blocked by dampness
Excess dry heats damaged good yin liquid to created dampness
heat material, which is carry to the circulation area from
lubrication area, and reflect to tongue coating area.

10.3.1 Excess dampness turbid accumulation in the internal body area
Dampness heat indication: sticky stool, turbid yellow urine.

Phlegm heat indication: yellow phlegm
Summer heat indication: feverish, tired, lack appetite, sweating.
Food stagnation indication: poor appetite, stomach ache, bloating
Good yang qi blocked by dampness: tiredness
Excess dry heats damaged good yin liquid to created dampness
heat material, which is carry to the circulation area from
lubrication area, and reflect to tongue coating area.
Dry mouth, dry tongue, and dry skin, thirsty.
10.4 Different location of Slightly Thick White Coating
Partial greasy white coating and whole tongue greasy white

coating
11. White Powder Coating

11.1 Definition of white powder coating
The hue is an even stronger white color. The saturation is in the

dull or high level (30-70 %). The texture is hard and dry. The
definition of powder is point to the substance consisting of ground,
finely separated solid particles. The white powder coating is point
to white color solid particles on the tongue surface.
Excess contagious heat, internal dry heat and malignant heat.
Excess contagious heat: contagious condition

Excess internal dry heat: dryness condition and yin liquid
deficiency condition
Malignant heat: mass, tumor
11.4 Different location of white powder coating
Partial white powder coating and whole tongue white powder

coating
12. White & Rough Sand Coating

12.1 Definition of white & rough sand coating
The hue is a much stronger white color. The saturation is in the

dull or high level (30-70%). The texture is hard and dry. The
definition of rough is point to a surface marked by irregularities,
protuberances, ridges; not smooth characters. The definition of
sand is point to small loose grains of worn or broken rock. The
size is between 0.06 and 2.0 millimeters in diameter.
High level excess contagious heat, internal dry heat and malignant
heat.
High level excess contagious heat: severe condition

High level excess internal dry heat: severe deficiency condition
High level malignant heat: later stage condition
12.4 Different type of white powder coating (no information)

13. Rotten Coating
13.1 Definition of rotten coating
The hue could be white, yellow, and dark color. The saturation is
in the high level of white matter (80-100%). The brightness could
be in the low or high level (30-70 %). The texture is soft and wet.
The definition of rotten is point to being in a state of decomposed,
breaking up, nasty, soft, and pus condition.
Excess heat, stomach heat, malignant heat and phlegm heat.
Excess heat: redness indication, such as red face; skin abscess.

Excess stomach heat: craving, thirsty, intestine abscess.
Excess malignant heat: severe diseases later stage
Excess phlegm heat: lung abscess
13.4 Different type of white powder coating
White, yellow, dark rotten coating.
Section Two: Gray Coating

1. Thin Gray Coating
1.1 Definition of thin gray coating and gray coating
The hue is between dark and white color. The saturation is balance
level (50%). The brightness is slightly dull (40 %). The definition
of gray color is relating to an achromatic color of any lightness
between the extremes of black and white.
Internal heat; digestion, muscle, joints cold damp; external

contagious condition.
Internal heat: redness, swelling.

External digestion cold damp: stomach ache, loose stool.
External muscle cold damp: joints pain
External joints cold damp: muscle ache
External contagious condition: fever
1.4 Different types of thin gray coating

1.4.1 Thin gray coating with moisture
Cold damp stagnated internally. Phlegm, turbid liquid stagnated

internally.
1.4.2 Thin gray coating with dry (excess heat with body yin liquid
deficiency)
External contagious condition. Internal yin liquid deficiency with

dry heat.
2. Thick & Greasy Gray Coating
2.1 Definition of thick & greasy gray coating
The definition of gray color is relating to an achromatic color of

any lightness between the extremes of black and white
The definition of grease is point to the soft or melted animal fat
texture material; the greasy is containing the grease. Also the
coating particle may lose, may close; may small, may large. The
coating layer may thin, may thick covered by greasy texture.
The thick has fat, over size, which means have large amount
material on the layer.
Excess internal heat, internal phlegm and external contagious

condition.
Internal heat: redness, swelling.

Excess internal phlegm: yellow, sticky phlegm or discharge.
External contagious condition: fever
2.4 Different types of thick and greasy gray coating

2.4.1 Thick and greasy gray coating with moisture
Phlegm, turbid liquid stagnated internally
2.4.2 Thick and greasy gray coating with dry (excess heat with body yin
liquid deficiency)
External contagious condition

Internal excess phlegm with yin liquid deficiency and dry heat
3. Greasy & Phlegm Gray Coating

3.1 Definition of greasy & phlegm gray coating
The definition of phlegm is point to thick, sticky, stringy mucus

secreted by the mucous membrane of the throat, lung, stomach,
and large intestine. The definition of grease is point to the soft or
melted animal fat texture material; the greasy is containing the
grease. Also the distribution of coating particle may be in loose or
close; may be in small size or large size condition. The coating
layer may thin, may thick; but it always covered by greasy texture.
3.2 Pathogenesis indication (see thick and greasy gray coating)

3.3 Symptoms indication (see thick and greasy gray coating)
3.4 Different type of greasy and phlegm gray coating (see thick and greasy
gray coating)
Section Three: Yellow Coating
1. Yellow Coating
1.1 Definition of yellow coating
The hue is showing yolk of an egg or ripe corn color. The

saturation is in the balance level of yellow matter (50%). The
brightness is slightly shining (60%). The definition of yellow color
is the hue of that portion of the visible spectrum lying between
orange and green; the yellow matter is related to the nature yolk of
an egg, or ripe corn, or gold color.
1.2 Pathogenesis indication: Excess heat and dry heat

Excess heat: redness, swelling, fever, bleeding, pain.

Excess dry heat: redness with dry condition, thirsty, burning,
tingling, numbness, pain.
1.4 Different types of yellow coating
Slightly, light, thin, thick, fresh, old, greasy, partial and whole
tongue yellow Coating.
2. Slightly Yellow Coating

2.1 Definition of slightly yellow coating
The hue is slightly showing yolk of an egg or ripe corn color. The
saturation is balance condition (20%). The brightness is slightly
dull (30 %)
2.2 Pathogenesis indication: less more than yellow coating

The amount and degree of symptoms are less more than yellow
coating
2.4 Different type of slightly yellow coating (see yellow coating)

3. Thin Yellow Coating
3.1 Definition of thin yellow coating
The hue is showing very light yolk of an egg or ripe corn color
with cover most tongue. The saturation is balance condition
(20%). The brightness is slightly dull (30 %).
3.2 Pathogenesis indication: less more than yellow coating

The amount and degree of symptoms of thin yellow coating are

less more than yellow coating’s amount and degree
3.4 Different type of slightly yellow coating (see yellow coating)

4. Thick Yellow Coating
4.1 Definition of thin yellow coating
The hue is showing large amount of yolk of an egg or ripe corn

color cover most tongue. The saturation is yellow (60%). The
brightness may be in balance condition (50%).
The amount and degree of pathogen and pathogenesis are great

more than yellow coating
Food, phlegm, excess heat and dampness heat stagnations.
The amount and degree of symptoms are great more than yellow
coating
Excess heat: redness, swelling, fever, bleeding, pain.
Excess dry heat: redness with dry condition, thirsty, burning,
tingling, burning pain.
Excess damp heat: dark yellow urine, pus, loose with bad smelling
stool.
Food stagnation: abdominal ache, no appetites.
Phlegm stagnation: yellow, sticky phlegm.
4.4 Different types of slightly yellow coating (see yellow coating)

5. Fresh Yellow Coating
5.1 Definition of fresh yellow coating
The definition of fresh is recently and newly made, produced;

appearance of youth.
It is a newly pathogen heat sign. It is a small portion or large

portion of pathogen heat signs. It is a mild or severe condition
indication. It is an external or internal condition.

5.4 Different type of fresh yellow coating (see yellow coating)
6. Old Yellow Coating
6.1 Definition of old yellow coating
The definition of old is not recently and newly made, produced;

made long ago; and dull, not clear; not bright; appearance of used,
not youth. The hue is showing large amount of yolk of an egg or
ripe corn color cover most tongue. The saturation is high yellow
condition (80%). The brightness may be in low level condition
(20%).
It is a chronic pathogen heat sign. It is a large portion of pathogen

heat signs. It is a severe condition indication. It is an internal

6.4 Different type of fresh yellow coating (see yellow coating)
7. Greasy Yellow Coating
7.1 Definition of greasy yellow coating
The definition of grease is point to the soft or melted animal fat

texture material; the greasy is containing the grease. Also the
distribution of greasy yellow coating particle may be in loose or
close condition; may be in small or large size condition. The
greasy yellow coating layer may be in the thin or thick with greasy
texture condition.
The hue is showing yolk of an egg or ripe corn color, or yellow
matter. The saturation is in the balance level of yellow matter
(50%). The brightness is slightly shining (60%).
The definition of yellow color is the hue of that portion of the
visible spectrum lying between orange and green; the yellow
matter is related to the nature yolk of an egg.
It is excess damp heat indication. It is excess dry heat indication. It

is phlegm heat stagnation indication. It is chronic condition
indication

7.4 Different type of greasy yellow coating (see yellow coating)
Section Four: Brown Coating
1. Brown Coating
1.1 Definition of Brown Coating
The hue is between red and yellow. The saturation is in the low
level of brown matter (20-45%). The brightness is in low level
(25%). A group of colors between red and yellow in hue that are
medium to low in lightness and low to moderate in saturation. The
brown matter is related to the nature autumn dry falling leaf, or
soil, or sunburnt, elder spot color.
Internal excess damps heat accumulation and stagnation. Internal

excess dry heat accumulation and stagnation. Stomach & small
intestine food stagnation accumulation transfer to stagnation heat.
Large intestine feces accumulation transfer to stagnation heat.
Early indication of severe condition.
Internal excess damps heat accumulation and stagnation: redness,

swelling, fever.
Internal excess dry heat: thirsty, dry mouth, dry skin.
Stomach & small intestine food accumulation transfer to
stagnation heat: abdominal pain
Large intestine feces transfer to stagnation heat: constipation,
hemorrhoid, bleeding.
Early indication of severe condition: internal abscess
1.4 Different Types of Brown Coating (see list and power point)
Light, thin & light, thick & dull, thick & dark brown coating.
Brown with dry and greasy coating. Light Brown Coating. Thin &
Light Brown Coating. Thick & Dull Brown Coating. Thick &
Dark Brown Coating. Brown with Dry Coating. Brown with
Greasy Coating
Section Five: Dark Coating

1. Dark Coating
1.1 Definition of dark coating
The dark matter is related to the nature night time sky, or coal, or
mole color. The hue is deep as night time. The saturation is in the
high level of dark matter (90%).
The brightness is in low level (10%)
- Lacking or having very little light

- Lacking brightness
- Absence of light
Excess internal and cold condition. Extremely excess heat

condition. Later stage of contagious diseases.
Excess Internal condition: fever

Extremely excess heat condition: later stage
Excess cold condition or good yang qi deficiency condition: cold
extremity
Extremely yin liquid deficiency: very dry condition
Later stage of contagious diseases (dying situation)
1.4 Different Type of Dark Coating (see list and power point)
Slightly dull dark, dull dark, shining dark, and dark coating.
Slightly dull dark coating.
Dull dark coating. Slightly shining dark coating. Shining dark

coating.
Chapter Two: Shape of Tongue Coating

Section One: Thin Coating
1. Thin Coating
1.1 Definition of Thin Coating
The thin has slim or lean characters, which means fewer amounts
on the layer.
The thin coating is referring to less amount of coating matter on
the tongue surface layer.
The definition of coating is a layer spread over a surface for
protection, decoration.
The tongue coating matter is come from two ways, one is come
from digestion system; another is come from artery blood vessel
and blood liquid.
1.2 Indication of thin coating
Beginning condition. Mild condition (no critical), situation (no

emergency), property (no extremely), texture (no very thicker),
state (no solid), unbalance circulation
1.3 Different type of thin coating
Thin white, thin yellow, thin gray, thin brown, and thin dark
coating.
Section Two: Thick Coating

1. Thick Coating
1.1 Definition of thick coating
The thick has fat, over size, which means have large amount
material on the layer.
The thick coating is referring to large amount of coating matter on
the surface layer.
1.2 Indication of thick coating
Chronic condition. More than Mild condition (may be critical),

situation (may be emergency), property (may be extremely),
texture (may be very thicker), state (no solid, but more toward to
solid), unbalances circulation and lubrication.
1.3 Different type of hick coating
Thick white, yellow, gray, brown and dark coating.
Section Three: Whole and Full Tongue Coating

1. Whole and Full Tongue Coating
1.1 Definition of whole tongue coating
The whole has containing all components; complete, all the parts
characters; the whole tongue coating is point to the coating cover
the whole tongue surface area.
1.2 Indication of whole and full coating
Chronic condition. More than mild condition (may be critical),

situation (no emergency), property (no extremely), texture (no
very thicker), state (no solid, but more toward to solid), unbalances
circulation and lubrication. Whole systems get pathogens polluted.
1.3 Different type of whole and full tongue coating
Whole tongue of white, yellow, white gray, brown, and dark

coating.
1.4 Different type of tongue body color with whole and full tongue coating
Pale tongue with whole tongue of white, yellow, white gray,

brown and dark coating.
Red tongue with whole tongue of white, yellow, white gray, brown
and dark coating.
Dark red tongue with whole tongue of white, yellow, white gray,
Crimson tongue with whole tongue of white, yellow, white gray,
Purple tongue with whole tongue of white, yellow, white gray,
Section Four: Partial Coating
1. Partial Coating
1.1 Definition of Partial Coating
The definition of partial is affecting only a part; not total;

incomplete; relating to only a part; not general or complete.
The partial coating is point to the part of tongue have normal layer
coating (protect layer), and part of tongue have more coating
condition.
The normal coating is indicating none damage area.
The more coating area is indicating more pathogens located
condition.
When we read this coating, usually is focus on the more coating
part.
But best way is read both side
1.2 Indication of Partial Coating
Usually is indication of pathogens located in Fu organs and

external area of body
1.3 Different type of partial coating: Partial white, yellow, gray, brown, and
dark coating.
1.4 Different type of tongue with partial coating
Pale, red, dark red, crimson and purple tongue with partial coating
1.5 Different location of partial coating: Tip, middle, root, side area of partial
coating.
Section Five: Peeling Coating
1. Peeling Coating
1.1 Definition of peeling coating
The definition of peeling is point to the loss of bits of outer skin,

coating, or other surface material by shedding or coming off.
The peeling coating is point to the part of tongue do not have
coating cover, and lost protect layer condition.
The coating area is indicating none damage area.
None coating area is indicating damage by pathogens condition.
1.2 Indication of peeling coating
Usually the peeling coating is indicated Zang organs and internal

area condition.
Peeling is excess dry heat burning local tissue situation indication.
1.3 Different type of peeling coating: Peeling white, yellow, gray, brown,
dark coating.
1.4 Different type of peeling tongue body: Peeling with pale, red, dark,
crimson, purple tongues.
1.5 Different location of peeling coating: Peeling at tip, middle, root, side
area of tongues.
Section Six: Map Coating
1. Map Coating
1.1 Definition of map coating
The map coating is a kind special peeling coating condition.

The map coating is multiple peeling coating indication.
1.2 Indication of map coating
Usually the map coating is indicated Zang organs and internal area
condition.
Map is multiple excess dry heat burning local tissue situation
indication.
1.3 Different type of peeling coating: Map white, yellow, gray, brown, dark
coating.
1.4 Different type of map tongue body: Map with pale, red, dark red,
crimson, purple tongue.
1.5 Different location of peeling coating: Map at tip, middle, root, side area
of tongues.
Section Seven: Increase up Amount of Coating
1. Increase up Amount of Coating
1.1 Definition of increase up amount of coating
Increase up amount of coating is point to the coating size enlarged

in the certain time, and cover more area of tongue surface.
Increase up amount of coating is point to the coating layer
enlarged in the certain time, and take away more area of tongue
surface space.
Increase up amount of coating is point to the coating texture
condensed in the certain time, and contain more coating material
in the limited tongue surface space.
1.2 Indication of increase up amount of coating
Increase up amount of coating is indication of pathogen amount,

property, attacking ability, power level increased.
Increase up amount of coating is indication of more pathogen
located in the external area.
Increase up amount of coating is indication of life body good
energy qi decreased.
Increase up amount of coating is indication of life body good
energy yin liquid decreased.
Increase up amount of coating is indication of healthy condition in
worse situation.
Increase up amount of white coating: increase up pathogen cold or
heat level
Increase up amount of gray coating: increase up pathogen cold or
heat level
Increase up amount of yellow coating: increase up pathogen heat
level
Increase up amount of brown coating: increase up pathogen dry
heat level
Increase up amount of dark coating: increase up multiple pathogen
heat and fire level
1.3 Different type of increase up amount of coating

Increase up amount of white, gray, yellow, brown and dark
coating.
Section Eight: Decrease Amount of Coating

1. Decrease Amount of Coating
1.1 Definition of decrease amount of coating
Decrease amount of coating is point to the coating size reduced in

the certain time, and cover less area of tongue surface.
Decrease amount of coating is point to the coating layer reduced in
the certain time, and less take away area of tongue surface space.
Decrease amount of coating is point to the coating texture loosed
in the certain time, and contain less coating material in the limited
tongue surface space.
1.2 Indication of decrease amount of coating
Decrease amount of coating is indication of pathogen amount,

property, attacking ability, power level reduced.
Decrease amount of coating is indication of less pathogen located
in the external area.
Decrease amount of coating is indication of life body good energy
qi increased.
Decrease amount of coating is indication of life body good energy
yin liquid increased.
Decrease amount of coating is indication of healthy condition in
less worse situation.
Decrease amount of white coating: decrease amount of pathogen
cold or heat level
Decrease amount of gray coating: decrease amount of pathogen
cold or heat level
Decrease amount of yellow coating: decrease amount of pathogen
heat level
Decrease amount of brown coating: decrease amount of pathogen
dry heat level
Decrease amount of dark coating: decrease amount of pathogen
heats and fire level
1.3 Different type of decrease amount of coating
Decrease amount of white, gray, yellow, brown and dark coating.
Chapter Three: Property of Tongue Coating

Section One: Moisture Coating
1. Moisture Coating
1.1 Definition of moisture coating
The definition of moisture coating is point to the coating has wet,

watery, damp and lubrication characters on the coating surface.
1.2 Indication of moisture coating
It is dampness condition indication. It is upper body dampness

condition indication. It is severe dry heat condition indication. It is
severe lower body yin deficiency condition.
1.3 Type of moisture coating
Moisture with white, gray, yellow, brown, dark, none coating,

none cracking and cracking coating.
Section Two: Dry Coating

1. Dry Coating
1.1 Definition of dry coating
The definition of dry coating is point to the coating has lack the
moisture, wet, watery, damp and lubrication characters on the
coating surface.
Indication of dry coating
It is body Jin liquid deficiency indication. It is body Ye liquid
deficiency indication. It is circulation area yin liquid deficiency. It
is lubrication area yin liquid deficiency. It is blood liquid high
level concentration indication. It is organs dehydration condition
indication. It is pure yin liquid polluted condition indication. It is
body contains more turbid liquid condition indication. It is body
contain more abnormal multiple heat condition indication.
Type of dry coating
Dry with white, gray, yellow, brown, dark, none coating, none
cracking, and cracking coating.
Section Three: Curdy Coating

1. Curdy Coating
1.1 Definition of curdy coating
The definition of curdy coating is point to the coating has soft,

sticky, slimy, moisture and wet of piece, chunk material characters
on the tongue surface.
Indication of curdy coating
It is high level dampness heat condition indication. It is severe dry
heat condition indication. It is severe body pure liquid polluted
condition indication. It is severe multiple excess heat condition
indication.
1.3 Type of curdy coating: White, gray, yellow, brown, dark color curdy
coating.
1.4 Same curdy color coating with different type tongue body
Pale tongue with white, gray, yellow, brown, dark color curdy
coating.
Red tongue with white, gray, yellow, brown, dark color curdy
coating.
Dark red tongue with white, gray, yellow, brown, dark color curdy
coating.
Crimson tongue with white, gray, yellow, brown, dark color curdy
coating.
Purple tongue with white, gray, yellow, brown, dark color curdy
coating.
Section Four: Greasy Coating

1. Greasy Coating
1.1 Definition of greasy coating
The definition of greasy coating is point to the tongue coating with

slimy, stick, wet, oily material characters. It is dampness
indication. It is dampness heat indication. It is high level of
concentration liquid indication. It is dry heat damaged yin liquid
indication.
Indication of greasy coating
It is dampness, dampness heat indication. It is high level of
concentration liquid indication. It is dry heat damaged yin liquid
indication.
Different type of greasy coating: Greasy coating with white,
gray, yellow, brown, dark color.
Section Five: Fake Coating

1. Fake Coating
1.1 Definition of fake coating
The normal coating is stick with surface of tongue; it is difficulty

to scrape away the coating. The coating will be stay to cover the
tongue surface; and keep coating mark on the top of tongue. It is
looks like the coating growth from tongue. The coating have root
in the tongue.
When the coating is not stick with tongue surface, the coating is
like paint on the tongue surface, it is easy peeling off, and it is easy
to scrape away the coating, the coating will not be stay to cover the
tongue surface, and do not keep coating mark on the top of tongue;
it is looks like the coating, but is not growth from tongue. The
coating do not have root in the tongue because the coating is not
come from tongue blood vessel, it is come from stomach, or other
area; that is a reason the fake coating do not have root.
1.2 How to created fake coating?
The fake coating is directly come from throat area; when the
health is in the critical situation, the heart will contain a lot
multiple abnormal waste heats and turbid material, it will be
directly dump to the tongue surface from throat without any
carrier.
The fake coating is directly come from throat area; when the
health condition in the critical situation, the brain will contain a lot
multiple abnormal heat and waste turbid material, the brain is
directly located on the mouth; it will be directly penetrate and
dump to the mouth, and falling on the tongue surface without any
carrier.
When the body is in the critical situation, the good heart yang will
not be able to support the stomach good yang qi; the heart with
stomach connection will be blocked; the stomach yang will be in
the very deficiency condition; the stomach will not be able to carry
the waste heat and turbid material to the blood vessel, and carry go
through heart and tongue surface. That is a main reason of fake
coating do not have root, because the turbid waste material is
directly rising to the tongue surface from stomach.
1.3 Indication of fake coating
It is severe critical and later stage condition sign. It is severe

stomach yang qi deficiency sign. It is severe yin liquid deficiency
sign.
Section Six: True Coating

1. True Coating
1.1 Definition of true coating
The normal coating is stick with surface of tongue, it is difficulty

to scrape away the coating, the coating will be stay to cover the
tongue surface; and keep coating mark on the top of tongue; it is
looks like the coating growth from tongue. The coating have root.
If the curdy coating scrape away, but the tongue surface still has
coating mark, or protect layer; this is true coating because the
coating is come from blood vessel of tongue.
1.2 How is the true coating created?
When the body still have some good stomach yang qi and pancreas
yin liquid; the good stomach yang qi and pancreas yin liquid will
be able to carry the pathogens and waste material to the blood
vessel, and connect to the heart; so the blood vessel of tongue will
bring out of the turbid waste material to the tongue surface and
became to coating. Whatever the disease’s condition how bad, if
the stomach yang qi and pancreas yin liquid are not ending, they
will be able to connect to heart, and send turbid waste material into
blood vessel, the tongue will created true coating to the surface of
tongue.
1.3 Indication of true coating
The indication of good stomach yang qi is not empty condition.

The indication of good pancreas yin liquid is not empty. The
indication of life still has a chance to survive.
1.4Type of true coating: White, gray, old yellow, old brown, old dark curdy
true coating.
Section Seven: Fresh Coating
1. Fresh Coating
1.1 Definition of fresh coating
The definition of fresh coating is point to the coating has newly,

beginning growth, recently, active, mild condition and shining,
moisture, young characters.
Indication of fresh coating
It is indicated of a new symptoms & new pathogen condition. It is
indication of new and beginning disease condition. It is indication
of acute, mild action of pathogens condition. It is indication of
immune qi & yin not deficiency & polluted condition.
1.3 Type of fresh coating: Fresh white, gray, yellow, brown, dark coating.
Section Eight: Old Coating

1. Old Coating
1.1 Definition of old coating
The definition of old coating is point to the coating has not newly,
not beginning growth, not recently, slow active or fast active,
critical condition and dull, dry, aging characters.
Indication of old coating
It is indicated of a chronic symptoms condition. It is indicated of
old pathogen condition. It is indication of another new and
beginning with original disease condition. It is indication of
chronic and chronic with new flare up condition. It is indication of
mild active action, or severe action of pathogens. It is indication of
severe condition. It is indication of immune qi & yin deficiency &
polluted condition.
Type of old coating: Old white, gray, yellow, brown, dark
coating.
Section Nine: Low Level Hue of Coating (Dull)

1. Low Level Hue of Coating
1.1 Definition of low level hue of coating
The hue is point to the particular of color. The low level hue is
point to the color located in low gradation area, which has low
degree coloration, low degree saturation, low degree amount of
pigment particle characters. The basic character is dull indication.
Indication of low level hue
It can be cold, moisture yin energy indication. It can be cold,
moisture yin pathogens and pathogenesis condition indication. It
can be heat, dry yang energy indication. It can be heat, dry yang
pathogens and pathogenesis condition indication.
Type of low level hue: Low level of white, gray, yellow, brown,
dark coating.
Section Ten: High level Hue of Coating (Shining)

1. High Level Hue of Coating
1.1 Definition of high level Hue
The hue is point to the particular of color. The high level hue is
point to this color located in high gradation area, which has high
degree coloration, high degree saturation, and high degree amount
of pigment particle characters. The basic character is shining
indication.
1.2 Indication of high level hue
It is most indication of heat, dry yang pathogens and pathogenesis

condition.
1.3 Type of high level hue: High level of white, gray, yellow, brown, dark
coating.
Reference
[1] Anonymous, (2012). “Eye”. Retrieve August, 24, 2012, from http://en.wikipedia.org (Page 4)
[2] Anonymous, (2012). “Iris”. Retrieve August, 24, 2012, from http://en.wikipedia.org (Page 5)
[3] Anonymous, (2012). “Pupil size”. Retrieve August, 24, 2012, from www.vision.about.com (Page
5)
[4] Anonymous, (2012). Iris size. Retrieve August, 24, 2012, from
http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_average_horizontal_iris_diameter (Page 5)
[5] Anonymous, (2012). Iridology. Retrieve January, 25, 2009, from
http://www.library.utoronto.ca/event/healthfair/2008/iridology-presentation.pdf (Page 5)
[6] Anonymous, (2009). Summary-of-Iridology. Retrieve January, 26, 2009, from
http://www.ombai.com (Page 5)
[7] Dr. Jimmy Steger Bernard, J. (1982). Science and Practice in the Healing Arts /
Illustrated with charts and grids. Escondido, California, Publish by Bernard Jensen.
(Page 5)
[8] Kraus, Ute (2005-03-20). Step by Step into a Black Hole. Retrieved January 25, 2009
from http://www.spacetimetravel.org/expeditionsl/expeditionsl.html. (Page 20)
[9] Zhijiang Chen’s MCOM DAOM Capstone. (2011). Chinese Medicine Early Signs of Five
Yin Organs Patterns. Chicago, USA. January, 2011 (Page 31)
[10] Anonymous, (2012). “Physical Science” China Big Encyclopedia [CBE], 2002, CD No, 3).
(Page 32)
[11] Anonymous, (2012). “Pupil”. Retrieve August, 23, 2012, from http://en.wikipedia.org (Page 37)
[12] Anonymous, (2012). “Pupil size”. Retrieve August, 24, 2012, from
www.vision.about.com (Page 37)
[13] Anonymous, (2012). “Crystalline lens”. Retrieve August, 25, 2012, from
http://en.wikipidia.org (Page 40)
[14] Zheng, D, L. Zheng, Z, X. (2003). TCM Eye Diagnosis and its Illustration (1st, Ed).
Chinese Version, Shenyang city, China. The Liao Ning Science & Technology Publish.
(Page 42)
[15] Zheng, D, L. (2008). TCM Eye Diagnosis and its Illustration (1st, Ed). English Version,
All Right Reserved Guoliang’s Herb House 2008 (Page 39)
[16] Anonymous, (2012). “Sclera”. Retrieve August, 27, 2012, from http://en.wikipedia.org (Page
42)
[17] Anonymous, (2012). “Sclerology”. Retrieve August, 27, 2012, from http://en.wikipedia.org (Page
42)
[18] Anonymous, (2012). Blue sclera. Retrieve August, 30, 2012, from
http://telemedicine.orbis.org (Page 50)
[19] Anonymous, (2012). “Choroid”. Retrieve August, 30, 2012, from
http://telemedicine.orbis.org (Page 50)
[20] Anonymous, (2012).Conjunctivitis. Retrieve August, 31, 2012, from http://en.wikipedia.org
(Page 50)
[21] Anonymous, (2012). “Scleritis”. Retrieve August, 31, 2012, from http://en.wikipedia.org (Page
51)
[22] Anonymous, (2012). “Jaundice”. Retrieve August, 31, 2012, from
http://en.wikipedia.org (Page 51)
[23] Anonymous, (2012). “Uveal melanoma”. Retrieve August, 31, 2012, from
[24] Anonymous, (2012). “Pterygium”. Retrieve August, 31, 2012, from http://en.wikipedia.org (Page
52)
[25] Anonymous, (2012). “Mass”. Retrieve August, 31, 2012, from http://en.wikipedia.org (Page 52)
[26] Anonymous, (2012). “Choroidal Melanoma”. Retrieve August, 31, 2012, from
[27] Paul T. Finger, MD. “Squamous Conjunctival Carcinoma” Retrieve September 2, 2012,
from www.eyecancer.com (Page 53)
[28] Anonymous, (2012). “Staphyloma”. Retrieve September, 3, 2012, from

[29] Zhu, H. C. (1997). Identify Nail to Diagnosis Diseases (1st Ed). Beijing. The China
Science and Technology publish. (Page 54)
[30] Anonymous, (2009). Nail (anatomy). Retrieved February 27, 2009 from
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nail (anatomy) (Page 54)
[31] Anonymous, (2009). Nail Diseases. Retrieved February 27, 2009 from
http://www.dermweb.com/hairnailsmucousmembranes/naildiseases.htm (Page 64)
[32] Dr. Norman Allan. Fingernails and Diagnosis Ridges. Retrieved February 27, 2009
from http://www.normanallan.com/Med/askdr/finger.html (Page 64)
[33] Dr. Amanda Oakley. Nail diseases. Retrieved February 27, 2009 from
http://dermnetnz.org/hair-nails-sweat/nails.html (Page 64)
[34] Kenneth A. Lagerstrom (09-27-2006). Common Fingernail Problems and
Fingernail Diseases. Retrieved February 27, 2009 from
http://www.humanhand.com/fingernails.html (Page 64)
[35] Mayo clinic staff. (Nov, 30 2007). “Nails: How to keep your fingernails healthy
and strong”. Retrieved February 27, 2009 from
http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/nails/WO00020 (Page 64)
[36] Marti Preuss. (Nov, 30 2007). Nail Diseases & Disorders. Retrieved February 27,
2009 from http://www.hooked-on-nails.com/naildisorders.html (Page 64)
[37] Anonymous, (2012). “Lichen Planus”. Retrieve September, 3, 2012, from
[38] Kirschbaum, Barbara. (2000). “Atlas of Chinese Tongue Diagnosis” (ACTD). Eastland
Press. Seattle, WA: 2000. (Page 67)
[39] Chen, Ze-Lin and Chen, Mei-Fang. (1998). “The Essence and Scientific Background of
Tongue Diagnosis” (T-D-R). OHAI Press. Long Beach, CA: 1998. (Page 64)
[40] Xin, Ying and Guo, Xen Zhen. (2001). “Tongue Diagnosis” (T-D). Tianjin Science and
Technology Translation Publishing Company, Tianjin, China: 2001. (Page 67)
[41] Clayman, Charles, M.D. (1995). “The Human Body”. D.K. Publishing, NY, NY: 1995
(Page 67)
[42] Anonymous, (2014). “longer tongue-Chanel Tapper”. Retrieve March 14, 2014.
From
http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/lanow/2011/09/guinness-world-records-
tongue.html (Page 74)
[43] See [38] (Page 91)
[44] See [39] (Page 91)
[45] See [40] (Page 91)
Dr. Zhijiang Chen’s Chinese Herbal Remedies Series
1. Yin Yang
Theory………………………………………........................................................don
2. Seven Elements Theory…………………………………...
……………...waiting for translation
3. Philosophy of Chinese Herbal
Remedies………………………………...collecting information
4. Life……………………..
………………………………………………...waiting for translation
5. Seven Organs
Theory……………………………………….....................waiting for
translation
6.
Pathogens………………………………………………………………...collecting
information
7. Pathogenesis.
……………………………………………………………..collecting
information
8. Pulse –
ology……………………………………………………………………………….do
9. Observation
Skills……………………………......................................................................done
10. Basic Theory of Internal
Diseases………...........................................................................done
11. Heart System of Symptoms, Signs and
Diseases….................................collecting information
12. Lung System of Symptoms, Signs and
Diseases………………………..collecting information
13. Pancreas System of Symptoms, Signs and Diseases…….
……………...collecting information
14. Liver System of Symptoms, Signs and
Diseases……………………….collecting information
15. Spleen System of Symptoms, Signs and
Diseases……………………...collecting information
16. Kidney Yang System of Symptoms, Signs and
Diseases…....................collecting information
17. Kidney Yin System of Symptoms, Signs and
Diseases………………...collecting information
18. Chinese Herbal Remedies for Malignant Mass…………………………
waiting for translation
19. Remedies
Principles…………………………………………………….collecting
information
20. Remedies Solution………………………………………..
…………….collecting information
21. Primary Herbs…………………………………………...........................in
the writing process
22. Basic Theory of Chinese
Herbs…………………………………………………………..done
23. Chinese Herbal
Safety……………………………………………………………………
done
24. Primary Formulas ……………………………………….
25. C J Herbal Formulas……………………………………………………in
the writing process
26. Primary Su Wen (Chinese Language)
………………………………….collecting information
27. Primary Su Wen (English Language)…………………….
28. New Editing Su Wen (Chinese Language)……………...
……………...collecting information

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Dr.

Zhijiang Chen’s Chinese Herbal Remedies Series

Part One: Eye-ology 4

Dr. Zhijiang Chen’s Chinese Herbal Remedies Series

The iris color is a highly complex phenomenon; the iris is a

According to the (http://en.wikipedia.org), [5] and

Dr. Chen style iridology is based on the Dr. Bernard Jensen

Iris is a color curtain at front of eye, any abnormal pathogen heat

6. Methods & organ’s location of iris reading

6.1.1 Upper iris reflect upper body area

Head, brain, eye, ear, nose, mouth, tongue, face.

6.1.2 Middle iris reflect middle body area

6.1.3 Lower iris reflect lower body area

6.1.4 Left side iris reflect left side body area

6.1.5 Right side iris reflect right side body area

6.2 Upper, middle and lower parts reading

6.2.2 Middle part reading

6.2.3 Lower part reading

6.3 Three Yin region reading

6.3.1 Shao Yin region

6.3.2 Tai Yin region

6.3.3 Jue Yin region

6.4 Three Yin circles reading

The center of dark circle is representing of pupil

The 12-1 o’clock regions are reflecting to neck, thyroid, throat,

6.4.3 Jue Yin circle

The 12-1 o’clock regions are reflecting to left brain area

6.5 Gaze down from top

Section Two: Iris

1.2 Practice indication

High level of condense spots. Long and wide cracking line.

1.2.1.2 Accumulation stage symptoms indication

1.2.2 Initiation – acute stage

1.2.2.2 Initiation – a cute stage symptoms indication

1.2.3 Sub-acute stage

The white or yellow color is less intense

1.2.3.2 Sub-acute stage symptoms indication

1.2.4 Chronic stage

1.2.4.2 Chronic stage symptoms indication

Fatigue, underweight or lose weight.

1.2.5 Degeneration stage

1.2.5.2 Degeneration stage symptoms indication

6. Common Brown Eye

7. Mix Color – Eye Type

7.2 Different colors indication

Section Four: Color Radiate Lines of Iris

2. Different shapes of radiate lines

3. Different color’s radiate lines

4. Indication of color radiate lines

4.2 Indication of different color’s radiate lines

Section Five: Cracking Lines of Iris

The cracking line is resulting from fracture condition, it is usually

2. Different types of cracking lines

Straight, curve, wide (ray), fine, long, short cracking line.

3. Indication different types of cracking lines

Section Six: Spots of iris

The high level of saturation is high amount of pathogen heat

6. Brightness degree of spots

7. Location of spots (see method of iris reading)

The layer is a single thickness of a material covering a surface or

10. Lesion of spots

10.2 Characters of lesion

The picture of lesion-cavities figure 7c upper part is acute lesion