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6
Technology and Livelihood
Education
Quarter 1-Module 3, Week 3:
Conduct a Survey on the Types of
Orchard Farm

Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

Technology and Livelihood Education 6
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 - Module 3: Conduct a Survey on the Types of Orchard
Farm
First Edition, 2020
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 6
Technology and Livelihood
Education
Quarter 1-Module 3, Week 3:
Conduct a Survey on the Types
of Orchard Farm

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page

COVER PAGE
COPYRIGHT PAGE
TITLE PAGE
TABLE OF CONTENTS

Lesson 1 – Types of Orchards 1

What I Need to Know 1

What I Know 1
What’s In 2
What’s New 3
What is It 5
What’s More 6
What I Have Learned 6
What I Can Do 7
Assessment 7
Additional Activities 7

Lesson 2 – Tress Appropriate for Orchard Gardening Based on 8

Location, Climate and Market Demands

What I Need to Know 8

What I Know 8
What’s In 9
What’s New 9
What is It 11
What’s More 11
What I Have Learned 11
What I Can Do 12
Assessment 13
Additional Activities 13

Lesson 3 – Proper Way of Planting/Propagating Trees and Fruit- 14

Bearing Trees (Budding, Marcotting, Grafting)

What I Need to Know 14

What I Know 14
What’s In 15
What’s New 16
What is It 16
What’s More 18
What I Have Learned 19
What I Can Do 20
Notes to the Teacher 20
Assessment 20
Additional Activities 21
Lesson 4 – Sources of Fruit Bearing Trees 22

What I Need to Know 22

What I Know 22
What’s In 23
What’s New 23
What is It 23
What’s More 26
What I Have Learned 26
What I Can Do 27
Assessment 27
Additional Activities 27

Lesson 5 – How to Care for Seedlings 28

What I Need to Know 28

What I Know 28
What’s In 29
What’s New 30
What is It 30
What’s More 32
What I Have Learned 33
What I Can Do 34
Assessment 34
Additional Activities 34

Lesson 6 – Prepare Layout Design of an Orchard Using Information 35

Gathered

What I Need to Know 35

What I Know 35
What’s In 36
What’s New 37
What is It 37
What’s More 40
What I Have Learned 40
What I Can Do 41
Notes to the Teacher 41
Assessment 42
Additional Activities 43
Key Answer 44
Reference
 Lesson
1 TYPES OF ORCHARD

Good day learners, what do you feel today? Very good! Our topic is full of excitement
so everyone must participate and do the activities in this learning material.
In this module you will learn how to conduct survey in dealing an orchard farm. At the
end of the module you will be able to explore different lessons and these are:

Lesson 1: Types of orchard farms.

Lesson 2: Trees appropriate for orchard gardening based on location, climate, and market
demands.
Lesson 3: Proper way of planting/propagating trees and fruit-bearing trees.
Lesson 4: Sources of fruit-bearing trees.
Lesson 5: How to care for seedlings.
Lesson 6: Prepares layout design of an orchard garden using the information gathered.

What I N What I Want to Know

Lesson 1 is all about the types of orchard farming. This will give you the knowledge
about the types of orchard farms and the successful orchard growers in the community.
After completing this lesson, you are expected to:
1. identify the types of orchard farms;
2. differentiate the types of orchards farming and other orchards; and
3. appreciate and give importance of orchard farming.

What I Know

Pre-Test:
Instructions: Read the following test items below. Select the correct answer from the given
choices and write the letter only of your answer in your activity notebook.
1. This is the type of orchard that emphasize on manufacturing seeds to be sold for
profitable purposes.
A. Nut orchard C. Seed orchard
B. Christmas tree farm D. fruit orchard
2. This is a part of land where trees are conserved for food or marketable production.
A. Nut C. Orchard
B. Rectangular D. Seed
3. Peanuts and cacao are examples of products from this type of orchard.
A. Nut Orchard C. Seed Orchard

1
 B. Fruit Orchard D. Christmas Tree Orchard

4. It is a kind of orchard farm focus on growing pines can be use as Christmas trees.

A. Fruits Orchard C. Christmas Tree Farms
B. Nut Orchard D. Coffee-Producing Farms
5. Which of the following is not grown in a nut orchard?
A. Almonds C. Coconut
B. Cashew D. Guyabano
6. Matthau puts up an orchard farm that produces lettuce and eggplant. What kind of farm
Matthau has?
A. Fruit orchard farm C. Nut orchard farm
B. Seed orchard farm D. Vegetable farm
7. Which of the following is an example of an orchard farm?
A. Fruit orchard farm C. Nut orchard farm
B. Seed orchard farm D. all of the above
8. An orchard that specialized on growing fruit -bearing trees such as durian, mango,
pomelo, and avocado.
A. Nut orchard farm C. seed orchard farm
B. fruit orchard farm D. tree orchard farm
9. This refers to the purposeful planting of trees or shrubs for food production. 
A. Orchard C. Field
B. Plain D. Technique
10. Complete the saying: "What we ever hope to do with ease, we must learn first to do with
_______."
A. empathy C. apology
B. diligence D. faithfulness

What’s In

a. MIX AND MATCH:

Direction: Match column A with column B. Write the letter of your answer on your
activity notebook.

Column A Column B

1. Fruit orchard A. A piece of land intended for food and marketable

production.
2. Nut orchard B. These orchard focuses on growing trees and fruit
bearing trees
3. Orchard C. Piece of land focuses on growing plants from
4. seeds like tomato, pechay and radish.
5. Seed orchard D. These orchards include facilities that produce nuts
such as peanut, cacao, and coconut.
6. Christmas tree E. Area where coffee producing plants were planted
for marketable production
7. Durian Farm F. Part of the land planted trees used as Christmas
trees which is famous in Baguio and Tagaytay.

2
 8. Pineapple Farm
9. Coffee Producing farm
G. Davao is very famous in producing this very
delicious fruit
H. This farm is located in Cagayan de Oro and it is
one of the product of the very productive and
progressive factory of Misamis Oriental.

10. Banana Plantation in Davao I. It is a 12.5 mango orchard in the coastal province
of Zambales.

11. Rosa Farm J. Banana is the leading fruit grown in the Philippines
and a consistent top dollar earner.

What’s New

Orchard - is a portion of land implanted with fruit trees or nut trees. It is also known as fruit
farm. Therefore, an orchard can have any kind of growing trees and fruit bearing
trees for profitable production.

What are the Types of Orchard Farms?

1. Fruit Orchards

These orchard focuses on growing trees and fruit bearing trees of

which they were famous in the different parts of the country like mango,
pomelo durian, santol, jackfruit, mangosteen, avocado and rambutan other
fruits located anywhere in the country.

3
2. Seed Orchards
Piece of land focuses on growing plants from seeds like tomato, pechay and radish,
bell pepper, string beans, eggplants, cabbage and etc.

3. Nut Orchards
These orchards include capabilities that produce nuts such as peanut, cacao, and
coconut. (Peanut is very common for producing peanut butter.

Other Types of Orchard

1. Christmas Tree farm
It is a type of orchard where an occupation involves growing pine trees
specifically for use as Christmas trees. This is farm can be located at Baguio
and Tagaytay.
2. Coffee Producing farm:

4
 Area where coffee producing plants were planted for marketable production.
Batangas is well known in there coffee production.

What is It

Jumbled Words
Form the correct word of the jumbled letters on the left to identify the important
terms. Look at the picture for each jumbled word as a hint.

Jumbled Word Visual Clue Your Answer

1. NAIRUD ____________

2. TUNS ____________

3. TIURF ____________

4. CEFEFO _____________

5. RCHAROD _____________

5
Identify the different trees and fruit trees that grow in specified orchard. Choose the specific
orchard farm.

Nut orchard farm Coffee Producing farm Christmas Tree farm

Seed Orchards Fruit Orchards

________1. Peanut __________6. Coconut

________2. Star Apple __________7. Pomelo

________3. Cocoa __________8. Banana

________4. Mango __________9. Radish

________5. Avocado __________10.Pechay

What I Have Learned

LET’S REMEMBER
Orchard - is a portion of land implanted with fruit trees or nut trees. It is also known as fruit
farm. Therefore, an orchard can have any kind of growing trees and fruit bearing
trees for profitable production.

LET’S CHECK
Find the following words in the puzzle.

SEED NUT FRUIT COFFEE ORCHARD

A S I O U R P H C
M E C C O T T I O G
R E G O N E G G F I
G D C I Y U R B F G
H D F R U I T N E T
M Z J D W A F M E F
N T D X T Q T R E E
L U O R C H A R D D
B L C Z O Y N K H S
S R X A F K G P G W

6
 What I Can Do

Explain: Why is Orchard Farming important? (Supported with rubrics)

Assessment

Instruction- Choose the word inside the box to complete the statement below.

Fruit Orchard Nut Orchard Seed Orchard Christmas Tree Farms

Coffee -Production Farm Orchard

1.___________________ emphasize primarily on growing trees that produce seeds.

2.___________________ includes a huge variation of facilities that produce nut-bearing
trees.
3.___________________ include any facility focused on growing fruit-bearing trees.
4.The _______________ focus on cocoa and chocolate-producing nuts, as well as peanuts.
5. Lemon, Pomelo and durian can be found in ______________________.
6______________________ where an occupation which involves growing pine trees
specifically for use as Christmas trees.
7.______________________gardening of the plant, usually done in big profitable
operations. The plant, a tropical evergreen shrub or small tree, is mature for its seeds, or
beans, which are roasted, powdered, and sold for making coffee.
8. Star apple belongs to _________type.
9. A peanut is an example of ___________.
10. ____________ is a portion of land planted with fruit trees or nut trees. It is also famous
as fruit farm. Therefore, it can have variety of fruit trees in it, be it lanzones, durian, orange,
jackfruit, banana, etc.

Additional Activities

Instructions: Interview an orchard grower your family knows in the locality. Inquire about
how the orchard was established, how it operates and how profitable it is now at the present.
Write down your findings and observations in your activity notebook. (Social Distancing
and Wearing of Personal Protective Equipment must be strictly observed)

7
 Tress Appropriate for Orchard
Lesson
Gardening Based on Location, Climate
2
and Market Demands

My dear learners how are you today? I hope that you are in good health by this time
inspite of the on going observations of the pandemic…COVID 19. We will not stop learning
new things around us.

What I Need to Know

This lesson is all about trees appropriate for orchard gardening based on location,
climate and market demands.
After completing this module, you are expected to:
1. identify trees appropriate for orchard gardening based on location, climate and
market demands;
2. differentiate the different factors in planting fruit trees based on location, climate
and market demands; and
3. appreciate the importance of orchard gardening.

What I Know

Instructions: Read the following test items below. Write True on the line if the statement is
correct. Write False if it is incorrect and write your answer in your activity notebook.
_____1. Planting trees safeguards the soil from erosion and floods.
_____2. Sunlight refer to the amount of coldness and hotness of the atmosphere at a
definite period of time
_____3. Trees are very dependent on water and serve as a solvent for the nutrients from
the
soil.
_____4. Soil contains mineral elements essential for normal plant growth and change.
_____5. Trees easily die when they have developed to maturity because of extreme
temperature changes.
_____6. There are more demands in buying bottled or canned fruits because such are
most
healthful than fresh fruits.
_____7. Planting trees decreases devastation of homes and crops by serving as
windbreakers during tropical storm and cyclones.
_____8. Organic fertilizers come from decayed fruits and vegetable peels and animal
mucks.

8
_____9. In fruit tree production select a variety of tree that is not found in your locality.
____10. Sunshine is the main energy provider and influences the growth of trees through
Photosynthesis.

What’s In

Fill in the blanks. Identify the different types of orchard that grow in the specific orchard.

___________1. Guava ___________6. Radish

___________2.Coconut ___________7. Pomelo

___________3.Papaya ___________8. Tomato

___________4.Cacao ___________9. String beans

___________5.Peanut ___________10.Avocado

What’s New

Factors to consider in choosing fruit trees for your orchard:

1. Choose fruit trees which are suited to your location.
2. Choose trees based on your needs or market demands.
3. Consider how much effort you will exert.
4. Plant the right fruits.
5. Choose the best time for planting.
6. Consider the climate in your area.
7. For healthiest and tastiest fruit, choose the sunniest available planting
location.
A. Trees suited for orchard gardening based the following:

 LOCATION
Hill side Slope Valley Plain
Coconut Mango Durian Banana
Mango Coconut Banana Mango
Pili nut Cashew Papaya Citrus fruits
Palm tree Palm tree Mangosteen Dragon fruit
Pili nut Jackfruit
Guava
 CLIMATE
Elevated ( Cold) Low (Warm) Dry Season Wet Season
Grape Mango Banana Durian
Pomelo Coconut Pili nut Banana
Banana Palm tree Mango
Guava Dragon fruit
Durian Papaya,
Guava

9
  MARKET DEMAND
Year-round Seasonal
Banana Jackfruit
Mango Guava
Citrus Star apple
Dragon fruit Santol
Papaya
Coconut

B. Elements to be observed in planting trees and fruit bearing trees:

Harvesting Fruits
Harvesting is picking fruits in their season when they are ready to be sold or eaten.
Harvesting is done at different seasons depending on the appearances of each product.
Generally, fruits are picked when they are mature enough. Fruits should reach the market in
good condition.

1. Mangoes, bananas, and papayas are harvested before they ripen. They should be
green and matured.
2. Pomelos and chicos should be picked at the right size and maturity.
3. Native oranges or dalandans are picked while green. They eventually ripen.

 The right time to harvest depends on the following factors:

1. The value of fruits on the market

2. The distance of the farm to the market
3. The period of storage of reaped fruits before transporting them to the market

 Tips in Storing Fruits

1. Use a rattan basket for storing fruits.
2. Use strong and clean rattan baskets for handling.
3. Classify the fruits first before placing them in the rattan basket, depending on
the ripeness, size, and shape.
4. Place the heavy, unripe fruits on the base, and place the light, ripe ones
above, in packing fruits like papaya, mangoes, and pineapple.
5. Store in a cool, dry place.
6. Store the crops in a clean place, free from ants, cockroaches, and other
destructive insects.
7. Handle the fruits cautiously especially when placing them in the boxes or
rattan baskets to avoid bruises.
8. Always recall, the better the product, the higher the price.

10
 What is It

Directions: Classify the following trees and fruit trees based on location,
climate and market demands.

Coconut Banana Durian Papaya Mango

Hill Side Slope Plain Low Dry Wet Year-round

(Warm) Season Season (Market
Demand)

What’s More

Instruction: Enumerations: Answer the following questions and write your answer
in your activity notebook.
1.-7 What are the factors to consider in planting fruit trees?
1.__________________
2.__________________
3.__________________
4.__________________
5.__________________
6.__________________
7.__________________
8-10 Trees suited for orchard gardening based on:
8._________________
9._________________
10._________________

What I Have Learned

11
 Trees and fruit trees are valued for their fruits, medicinal properties, and wood.
Likewise, trees make our community and surroundings attractive for its many colors and
beauty. However, there are something to consider on the appropriateness of the trees for
planting. They must have the following features:
A. Trees suited for orchard gardening are based on
a) Location
b) Climate
c) Market Demand

B. Elements to be observed in planting trees and fruit bearing trees

a) Harvesting Fruits
b) The right time to harvest depends on the following factors:
1. The price of fruits in the market
2. The distance of the farm to the market
3. The period of storage of harvested fruits before bringing them to the
market

C. Storing the product

D. Ensure success in selling fruits, the farmer or seller should consider the market
demands.
E. Ways of marketing a Product

What I Can Do

Directions: Write check (/) if the statement is correct and (X) if it is wrong.
__________1. Choose fruit trees which are not suited to the location.
__________2. Choose trees based on your needs or market demands.
__________3. Personal choice should be considered in planting trees.
__________4. Plant the right fruits and the variety in a proper location.
__________5. Choose the best time for planting.
__________6. Consider the climate in your area.
__________7. For healthiest and tastiest fruit, choose the sunniest available planting
location.
__________8. Market demands is not needed in choosing fruit trees to plant.
__________9. Trees are very dependent on water and serve as a solvent for the nutrients
from the soil.
__________10. In fruit tree production select a best variety of tree that is not found in your
area.

Post Assessment
12
Post-Test:
Instructions: Read the following test items below. Write True on the line if the statement is
correct. Write False if it is not correct and write your answer in your activity notebook.
_____1. Planting trees guard the soil from erosion and floods.
_____2. There are more demands in buying bottled or canned fruits because it is more
nutritious than fresh fruits.
_____3. Planting trees reduces destruction of homes and crops by serving as windbreakers
during typhoon and storms.
_____4. Inorganic fertilizers come from decayed fruits and vegetables peelings and animal
manures.
_____5. In fruit tree production select a variety of tree that is not found in your locality.
_____6. Sunlight is the main energy provider for the growth of tree through photosynthesis.
_____5. Trees easily die when they have grown to maturity because of extreme temperature
change.
_____7. Soil contains mineral elements necessary for normal plant growth and development.

_____8.Trees are very dependent on water and serve as a solvent for the nutrients from the
soil.
_____9. Sunlight refer to the degree of coldness and hotness of the atmosphere at a certain
period of time
_____10. Planting trees protects the soil from erosion and floods.

Additional Activities

Instruction:
Conduct an interview of an orchard grower in the community. Ask about how the
orchard was established, how it operates and how profitable it is. Write your observations
and notes in your activity notebook. Observe social distancing and wear face mask in
conducting the activity.

Lesson Proper Way of Planting/Propagating

13
 3 Trees and Fruit-Bearing Trees
(Budding, Marcotting, Grafting)
Good day learners! Are you excited to learn a new lesson? So, what are you waiting
for? START LEARNING NOW!

What I Need to Know

This lesson contains the types of orchard farming. This will give you the knowledge
on how to care for seedlings. It also gives an idea on how to become a successful orchard
grower and teaches all of you the virtue of being industrious. This lesson is about
conducting a survey to identify the proper way of planting/propagating trees and fruit-bearing
trees like budding, marcotting and grafting.
After completing this lesson, you are expected to:
1. identify proper way of planting, propagating trees and fruit bearing trees;
2. demonstrate proper way of planting, propagating trees and fruit-bearing trees; and
3. value the importance of plant propagation.

What I Know

Pre-Test: Instructions: Read the following test items below. Select the correct answer from
the given choices and write the letter only of your answer in your activity notebook.
1. These refer to stems or shoots emerging from portion of plants or trees.
A. runners B. suckers C. rhizomes D. seeds
2. Roots emerged from the surface which new plant develops from buds.
A. rhizomes B. runners C. suckers D. cuttings
3. A sexual type of propagation, the most common as it is the easiest.
A. seeds B. runners C. suckers D. cuttings
4. A type of propagation which refers to a part of a plant that is cut and propagated.
A. seed B. runners C. marcotting D. cutting
5. These are slim branches that grow from bases of stems running along the ground.
A. seeds B. runners C. marcotting D. cuttings
6. A process wherein a branch or shoot touches the ground, develops roots, and
becomes an independent plant.
A. marcotting B. grafting C. layering D. cutting
7. A process wherein a ring of bark on a large branch is removed, the inner surface
scrapped lightly and then wrapped with moist soil or moss covered with plastic or
coco husk and secured tightly on both ends with twine.
A. marcotting B. layering C. grafting D. cutting

8. A process by which a scion is inserted into the rootstock to unite and grow as one
plant.
A. marcotting B. layering C. grafting D. cutting

14
9. This is also a form of grafting using a single bud. 
A. marcotting B. inarching C. budding D. layering
10. It is a process wherein the scion is united with the rootstock.
A. marcotting B. inarching C. budding D. layering

Definition of Terms
Term Definition
Scion A young shoot or twig of a plant, especially one cut for grafting or
rooting.
Suckers These refer to stems or shoots emerging from portions of plants or
trees.
Runners These are slim branches that grow from bases of stems running along
the ground as in strawberries.
Rhizomes The roots emerge at the surface from which new plants develop from
buds

What’s In

Instructions: Read the following questions below. Select the correct answer from the given
choices and write the letter of your answer in your activity notebook.
1. The following are the factors to consider in choosing fruit trees for your orchard, which
is not?
A. Choose fruit trees which are suited to your location
B. Choose trees based on your needs or market demands
C. Choose the best time for planting
D. none of the above
2. Which of the following tress are best planted in slope?
A. banana B. citrus fruit C. cashew D. papaya
3. Which of the following tress are best planted in valley?
A. durian, banana, papaya and mangosteen
B. coconut, mango, pili nut and palm tree
C. coconut, mango, cashew and palm tree
D. citrus fruit, guava, dragon fruit and jackfruit
4. Which of the following tress are best planted in plain?
A. pili nut B. star apple C. jackfruit D. B and C

5. Which of the following tress are best planted in elevated cold?

A. guava and durian B. papaya and star apple
C. grape and pomelo D. durian and banana

What’s New 15
Analyze the puzzle. Find and encircle the five terms in plant propagation.
A E I O U R P H R H
M A R C O T T I N G
R W G R N E G G E I
G S C I O N R B C G
H D B J I S A N U T
M Z J D W A F M T F
N T D X T Q T R T E
L U V C U W I L I D
B L C Z O Y N K N S
S R X A F K G P G W

What is It

LET’S BE INFORMED

Modern technology and research have gone a long way especially in the field of
Agriculture. There are different agricultural products today that did not exist long ago. We
now have seedless grapes, oranges, and watermelons. There are also various plants with
leaves and flowers of different colors that come from just one plant. Fruit-bearing trees are
able to bear fruits within a very short span of time. Some can bear fruits all year round.
These advancements are possible because of an agricultural technology called plant
propagation.
Plant propagation is a method or reproducing, increasing, or multiplying plant
species. It is being practiced because it will increase the number of plant species, produce
plant varieties that are resistant to some insect pests and diseases, evolve new and better
varieties of plants suited to different conditions of soil and climate, accelerate and at the
same time lessen the bearing age of plants and avert the extinction of some plant species.

PROPER WAY OF PROPAGATING FRUIT-BEARING TREES

1. Cutting - The leaves are removed and the stems are cut 10 inches long. One—half of the
cutting is inserted into the soil. Example: Sinigwelas, Kamoteng kahoy.

2. Marcotting or Air layering – induces the stem to develop roots while it is still growing
on the mother plant. The steps are as follows:
a. Select a healthy branch.
b. Remove a ring-like layer of soft bark about 2 to 3 inches long or until you reach
the bark about 2 to 3 inches long or until you reach the hard, wood layer.
c. Apply sphagnum moss around the cut surface.
d. Cover securely with a piece of plastic sheet.
e. Tie both ends to prevent drying of the rooting medium. Keep it moist.
f. Cut the marcot just below the ball of sphagnum moss when sufficient roots
develop.
g. Remove some leaves to further induce root development.
h. Place the potted in a cool and shady place.

16
 3. Grafting – is a plant propagation method that involves inserting a scion into a stock so
that they will form a union and grow together.

Steps in Grafting

 Preparing the Stock. Start at the cut surface of the rootstock and make a vertical slit
through the bark where each scion can be inserted (2 inches long and spaced 1 inch
apart).
 Preparing the Scion. Since multiple scions are usually inserted around the cut
surface of the rootstock, prepare several scions for each graft. Cut the base of each scion
to a 11⁄2- to 2-inch tapered wedge on one side only.
 Inserting the Scion. Loosen the bark slightly and insert the scion so that the wedge-
shaped tapered surface of the scion is against the exposed wood under the flap of bark.
Push the scion firmly down into place behind the flap of bark, replace the bark flap, and
nail the scion in place by driving one or two wire brads through the bark and scion into the
rootstock. Insert a scion every 3 to 4 inches around the cut perimeter of the rootstock.
 Securing the Graft. Seal all exposed surfaces with grafting wax or grafting paint.
Once the scions have begun to grow, leave only the most vigorous one on each stub;
prune out all the others. Bark grafts tend to form weak unions and therefore usually require
staking or support during the first few years.

4. Budding – the process of transferring the lateral bud taken from the scion to the stock of
the same family. The steps are the following:

1. Cut bud sticks from strong shoots of the present season's growth with mature buds
that are slightly brownish in color.
2. Clip off the leaves from the bud sticks, leaving 1/2 inch of the leafstalk for a handle.
3. Discard the soft tips of the bud sticks.
4. Choose branches from the rootstock that are the size of a lead pencil up to 1/2 inch
diameter. Larger branches have too thick a bark for this method to work.
5. On the rootstock, about 15 or more inches from the trunk, make a T cut across the
bark.

17
6. With a knife blade, lift the corners and carefully loosen the bark.
7. Cut a bud from the bud stick which includes a thin piece of attached wood.
8. Slide the bud under the flaps of the bark on the rootstock until the ends are firm. Using
electrician's tape, tie the bud to the rootstock.
10. Wrap the ends tightly, but be sure not to cover the bud with tape.
11. In two to three weeks, cut the tie so you will not girdle the graft.
12. The next year, cut the rootstock off above the graft when the bud starts growing.
13. Remove any shoots below the graft.
14. The second year, remove all growth from the tree except the bud grafted shoots.

Example of Fruit-bearing trees propagated by the sexual method (use of seeds):

1. Avocado 6. Mangosteen 11. Guyabano

2. Star apple 7. Papaya 12. Guava
3. Cashew 8. Rambutan 13. Jackfruit
4. Santol 9. Mabolo 14. Jackfruit
5. Mango 10. Macopa 15. Lanzones

Example of Fruit-bearing trees propagated asexually or by artificial methods:

1. Avocado (grafting) 6. Guyabano (grafting) 10. Macopa (marcotting)

2. Banana (rhizomes) 7. Guava (marcotting) 11. Pineapple (suckers)
3. Star apple (marcotting) 8. Langka (marcotting) 12. Mango (grafting)
4. Chico (marcotting/inarching) 9. Duhat (marcotting) 13. Strawberry (runners)
5. Siniguelas (cuttings)

What’s More

Instruction: Write the correct answer in the cross word puzzle.

Down
4. - The process of transferring the lateral bud taken from the scion to the stock of the same
family
5. –The leaves are removed and the stems are cut 10 inches long.
Across
1. - Induces the stem to develop roots while it is still growing on the mother plant.
2. - A plant propagation method that involves inserting a scion into a stock so that they will
form a union and grow together.
3. -The roots emerge at the surface from which new plants develop from buds.

4
18
 5
3

ESSAY WRITING: Answer the questions briefly.

1. What are the proper ways in planting/propagating trees and fruit-bearing trees?
2. Which do you think is the best way?
___________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________.

Rubrics:
5 4 3 2 1
The statement is
clearly defined. The idea can be
The idea can be
Appropriate relevant identified. Shares
identified. Shares The main
information and details relevant information,
some information, idea can be The idea is
are shared from a facts and experiences. 
facts and identified. not clearly
variety of sources There is a clear
experiences, but Share some stated.
including personal distinction between
lacking of relevant information.
experiences, general observations and
observation.
observations, and prior specifics.
knowledge.

What I Have Learned

Plant propagation is a method or reproducing, increasing, or multiplying plant species. It is

being practiced because it will increase the number of plant species, produce plant varieties
that are resistant to some insect pests and diseases, evolve new and better varieties of
plants suited to different conditions of soil and climate, accelerate and at the same time
lessen the bearing age of plants and avert the extinction of some plant species. These are
Cutting, Marcotting or Air layering, Grafting and Budding.

19
What I Can
Do
Instruction: Interview at least three (3) farmers/gardeners in your community or a member
of a family engaged in business/farming.

Name:
Age:
Mobile Number:
Type of farm:
1. Way of planting/propagating used in propagating fruit-bearing trees:
2. Why do you think you prefer to use that way in planting/propagating in propagating
fruit-bearing trees?
Interviewee Signature:

What have you learned from the people you interviewed?

___________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________.

Post Assessment

Direction: Choose the letter of the correct answer and write it on your quiz notebook.
1. A type of propagation which refers to a part of a plant that is cut and propagated.
a. seeds b. runners c. marcotting d. cutting
2. _______is the process of removing a ring of the bark on a large branch organs of the
plant.
a. marcotting b. budding c. grafting d. cutting
3. Why do grafting and budding considered the most important means of plant
propagation?
a. grafting and budding can be done in less than a minute.
b. grafting and budding can be done without water.
c. grafting and budding are the easiest ways to use.
d. grafting and budding can propagate plants that can’t be propagated by
air layering
4. Which of the following elements in planting trees focuses on the biological function of
the trees?
a. appropriate temperature b. enough sunlight
c. enough space d. minerals from the ground
5. Plant propagation is a method or reproducing, increasing, or multiplying plant species.
Why is it being practiced?
a. To increase the number of plant species
b. To produce plant varieties that are resistant to some insect pests and
diseases
c. To evolve new and better varieties of plants suited to different conditions
of soil and climate
d. all of the above

6. The following are Fruit-bearing trees propagated by the sexual method (use of seeds),

20
 which is NOT?
a. jackfruit b. banana c. rambutan d. lanzones
7. In what best way can we propagate the following fruit-bearing trees (avocado and
guyabano)?
a. grafting b. budding c. marcotting d. cutting
8. It is a sexual type of propagation, the most common as it is the easiest.
a. seeds b. runners c. suckers d. cuttings
9. The following are steps in grafting, which is NOT?
a. Preparing the Stock b. Preparing the Scion
c. Inserting the Scion d. none of the above
10. A process by which a scion is inserted into the rootstock to unite and grow as one
plant.
a. marcotting b. layering c. grafting d. cutting

Additional Activities

Directions: Practice/perform the different ways in planting/propagating trees and fruit-

bearing trees in your garden. Take a photo of it.

21
 Lesson
4 Sources of Fruit-Bearing Trees

What I Need to Know

After completing this lesson, you are expected to:
1. value the importance of planting fruit-bearing trees;
2. identify the sources of fruit bearing trees; and
3. list down fruit-bearing trees grown in the backyard.

What I Know

Pre-Test: Instructions: Read the following test items below. Select the correct answer from
the given choices and write the letter of your answer in your activity notebook.
1. This variety of mango is the favorite of most people around the world with its perfect
blend of sweet and sour taste, soft, succulent with a pleasant odor.
a. pico b. indian c. camote d. carabao or super mango
2. It is run by private individuals usually offering landscaping materials and services.
a. Agricultural Institution b. Commercial Nursery
c. Department of Agriculture d. Bureau of Plant Industry
3. A school that offers a course related to agriculture and other plant studies.
a. Department of Agriculture b. Bureau of Plant Industry
c. Agricultural Institution d. Commercial Nursery
4. A mango smaller in size from the carabao variety but just as sweet, even when it’s not
yet ripe.
a. pico b. papaya c. carabao d. indian
5. Source of Durian fruits in Mindanao.
a. Davao City b. Cagayan de Oro City c. Bukidnon d. Valencia City
6. The leading fruit grown in the Philippines and a consistent top dollar earner.
a. papaya b. mango c. banana d. rambutan
7. Fruit rich in Vitamins A, B and C and aids in the digestion of food.
a. grapes b. duhat c. santol d. papaya
8. This variety of mango is originated from India.
a. carabao b. pico c. indian d. all of the above
9. Responsible for any agricultural activities in terms of vegetables and fruits.
a. Commercial Nursery b. Bureau of Plant Industry
c. Agricultural Institution d. Department of Agriculture

10. They develop scientific improvement for each plant species in a locality and
adjacent places.
a. Bureau of Plant Industry b. Department of Agriculture
c. Commercial Nursery d. Agricultural Institution

What’s In
22
 Instructions: Read the following questions below. Select the correct answer from the
given choices and write the letter of your answer in your activity notebook.

1.How can we propagate the following fruit-bearing trees like avocado and
guyabano?
a. grafting b. budding c. marcotting d. cutting
2. What do you call to a type of propagation where a part of a plant is being
cut and propagated?
a. seeds b. runners c. marcotting d. cutting
3. Which of the following fruit-bearing trees is NOT propagated by the use of sexual
method or use of seeds?
a. jackfruit b. banana c. rambutan d. lanzones
4. Which of the following is the most common and easiest type of sexual propagation?
a. seeds b. runners c. suckers d. cuttings
5.Apropagation which a scion is inserted into the rootstock to unite and grow as one
plant?
a. marcotting b. layering c. grafting d. cutting

What’s New?

Directions: Read the following statements carefully. Choose your answer from the box
and write it in your activity notebook.

Commercial Nursery Carbon dioxide Department of Agriculture

Agricultural Institution Oxygen Bureau of Plant Industry

___________1. Responsible for any agricultural activities in terms of vegetables and

fruits.
___________2. They develop scientific improvement for each plant species in a locality
and adjacent places.
___________3. A school that offers a course related to agriculture and other plant
studies.
___________4. Run by private individuals usually offering landscaping materials and
services.
___________5. An element that we can get from trees/fruit-bearing trees.
.

What is It

LET’S BE INFORMED

Just like vegetables and ornamentals, growing fruit trees is not difficult. The problems
lie in the lack of space or where to plant them.

23
 In urban areas where spaces are very limited, fruit trees are not usually planted.
Some home owners do not like to plant trees because they say, a grown tree will destroy the
foundation of their houses because of their big and long roots.

But for those who have enough space, fruit trees like mango, duhat, tamarind,
banana, papaya and other fruit trees are planted. Aside from the shade that they give, when
they bear fruits, the family is, at least, assured of a supply of fruits for their daily
consumption.

In the province, fruit trees are sources of income for the family. Aside from the added
fresh air, they provide the ambience that a city dweller has not experienced.

MANGOES
Our country is famous for its delicious mangoes. Although there are other varieties,
the carabao mango is the most sought after and exported in other countries.
Mango fruits are of these varieties:
1.Carabao or super mango. This variety is the favorite of most people around the
world with its perfect blend of sweet and sour taste, soft, succulent with a pleasant odor.
2. Pico. This is a smaller in size from the carabao variety but just as sweet, even
when it’s not yet ripe.
3.Indian mango. This originated from India. It bears plenty of fruits the whole year
round. It is a favorite appetizer by most teenagers. Mango tree comes from seed.

PAPAYA
Papaya is fruit rich in Vitamins A, B and C and aids in the digestion of food. A good and
tasty dessert, especially when sweet, papaya is an acceptable appetizer or dessert of people
of all ages. The unripe fruits are also valuable for some main dishes as tinola and ginataan.
Because of its papain, a protein-spitting enzyme obtained from the juice of unripe papaya,
helps tenderize meat and used as an aid in digestion because of its papain, a protein-spitting
enzyme.

Most home yards grow papaya trees. They are planted by direct seeding, that is,
planting papaya seeds in a hole and cover with ¼ inch of soil. After planting, in 10 to 15
days, seeds will germinate.

There is the so-called male and female papaya. The male plant, only produce
flowers but do not bear fruit. However, it is necessary for pollination. When planting, allow
one male plant to grow for every 15 to 20 female papayas. Intercropping is a method
where papaya can be grown together with coconuts, coffee, pineapple or bananas. It
increases farm income and prevent the growth of weeds and/or grasses.

Banana- is the leading fruit grown in the Philippines and a consistent top dollar earner.

Durian Fruit, Davao City, Philippines

The Durian fruit is popular due to its strong aroma and unique taste. It is also grown
in Thailand and Indonesia. Many often says. “It smells like hell, but it tastes like heaven”.
The flesh is rich in carbohydrate, proteins, vitamins (thiamine, riboflavin and Vitamins
A and C), and minerals (calcium, phosphorous, potassium and iron). The flesh is eaten
fresh or processed into jams, marmalade, spread, pastillas, or flavouring for ice cream,
candies, cakes and rolls.

24
 Dalandan Farm, Bayombong, Nueva Viscaya, Philippines
Dalandan or kahel originated from China. This fruit is flattened and turns yellow or
reddish orange when mature. It consists of 10-14 segments easily separated from one
another to form an open core.

Grace’s Lanzones Farm, Guyam, Indang Cavite, Philippines

It has 200 fully growned lanzones that earn about 120,000 to 150,000 per harvest.

Nica’s Rambutan Farm, Barangay Lapaz, Tibiao, Antique

The rambutan tree belongs to a group of fruit bearing tropical trees like longgan and
lychee. The name rambutan came from an Indonesian name “rambut” which means hair.

Davao Golden Pomelo Farm, Davao City

Carmelita Mercado is the top pomelo producer and distributor in the Philippines.
The farm has 350 hectares of sweet pink flesh pomelo.

Gapuz Grapes Farm, Bauang , La Union

Gapuz Farm has been in business for 30 years. The Gapuz brothers learned the ins
and outs of grapes growing in California.

Kitsie’s Farm, Zambales, Philippines

Kitsie’s Farm has dozens of fruit-bearing mango trees scattered across its 15
hectares land with each tree yielding at least 200 kilos each.

Rosa Farms, Zambales, Philippines

Rosa Farms is a 12.5-hectare mango orchard in the coastal province of Zambales,
home of the Philippine Carabao Mango. The farm has 888 mango trees nurtured for
years. The farm is open to walk-in guests who want to experience the ambiance of areal
functional farm.

Fruit-bearing trees are available and sold in different stages of growth and ready to be
transplanted. Among their sources are:
 Commercial Nursery – Run by private individuals usually offering landscaping
materials and services.
 Agricultural Institution – A school that offers a course related to agriculture and
other plant studies.
 Department of Agriculture – Responsible for any agricultural activities in terms of
vegetables and fruits.
 Bureau of Plant Industry – They develop scientific improvement for each plant
species in a locality and adjacent places.

Importance of planting fruit bearing trees

 Sources of food.
 Wood used as fuel for cooking and heating.
 Construction materials which include lumber, plywood and board.
 Fiber for paper.
 Chemical product such as resin, rubber and turpentine.
 Protect the soil from erosion and provide oxygen and shades
 The root system promotes the soil stability.
 Help reduce pollutions
 Serves as valuable wildlife habitat
 Contribute to a beautiful landscape
 Prevent floods

What’s More? 25
Direction: ESSAY WRITING: Answer the following questions briefly.
1. Why is it important to plant/propagate trees or fruit-bearing trees?
_________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________.
2. What fruit-bearing trees that are found in your community?
_________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________.

Rubrics:
5 4 3 2 1
The statement is
clearly defined. The idea can be
The idea can be
Appropriate relevant identified. Shares The main
identified. Shares
information and relevant information, idea can be
some
details are shared facts and identified. The idea is
information, facts
from a variety of experiences.  There is Share not clearly
and experiences,
sources including a clear distinction some stated.
but lacking of
personal between general information
relevant
experiences, observations and .
observation.
observations, and specifics.
prior knowledge.

What I Have Learned

Fruit-bearing trees are available and sold in different stages of growth and ready to
be transplanted. Among their sources are:
 Commercial Nursery – Run by private individuals usually offering landscaping
materials and services.
 Agricultural Institution – A school that offers a course related to agriculture and
other plant studies.
 Department of Agriculture – Responsible for any agricultural activities in terms of
vegetables and fruits.
 Bureau of Plant Industry – They develop scientific improvement for each plant
species in a locality and adjacent places.

We need to propagate fruit bearing trees because it has a lot of benefits as follows;
Sources of food, wood used as fuel for cooking and heating construction materials which
include lumber, plywood and board. fiber for paper, chemical product such as resin, rubber
and turpentine, protect the soil from erosion, the root system promotes the soil stability, help
reduce pollutions, serves as valuable wildlife habitat, contribute to a beautiful landscape,
prevent floods, it provides oxygen and shades.

26
 What I Can do

Directions: Identify the fruit trees grown in your backyard and community. Do they bear
fruits? If not, ask the reasons from your parents or the owner of the fruit trees.

Assessment

POST TEST
Directions: Identify the following. Write your answer on the blank before each
number.
________ 1. A popularly known fruit due to its strong aroma and unique taste.
________ 2. This fruit originated from China.
________ 3. Fruits grown in Indang, Cavite.
________ 4. It is the leading fruit grown in the Philippines and a consistent top dollar
earner.
________ 5. It belongs to a group of fruit bearing tropical trees like longgan and
lychee.
Directions: Write TRUE if the statement is true and FALSE if the statement is false.

__________6. Trees/fruit-bearing trees are man`s source of food.

__________7. Too many trees cause pollution.
__________8. Roots of trees hold the soil and water, thus preventing soil erosion and
flood.
__________9. It is all right to cut trees for as long as they are replenished.
__________10. trees give off carbon dioxide.

Additional Activities

Directions: Ask your parents or neighbors about well-known fruit bearing trees
growers in Lanao del Norte. In doing this, observe social distancing and wear face mask.

27
 Lesson
5 How to Care for Seedlings

Good morning learners, how are you today? Are you excited to learn a new
lesson? Agriculture is everything involved with growing plants and animals to be
used for something else. This is not the definition you’ll find in the dictionary, but it is
practical and accurate. It encompasses production agriculture, but also everything
before and after the farm too. It is challenging yet fullfilling.

What I Need to Know

This lesson is all about how to care for seedlings. This will give you an idea on how
to become a successful orchard grower.

After completing this module, you are expected to:

1. identify the different ways on how to care for seedlings;
2. demonstrate ways on how to care of seedlings; and
3. appreciate the importance of taking good care of the seedlings.

What I Know

Pre-Test:
Instructions: Read the following test items below. Select the correct answer from the given
choices and write the letter only of your answer in your activity notebook.
1. A method that removes immature, broken, undersized, and infested seeds, weed seeds,
stones and other impurities.
A. Seed Box method B. Dish Method
C. Visual Inspection method D. none of the above
2. A method that place the number of seeds in a seed box and sprinkle with water.
A. Seed Box method B. Visual Inspection method
C. Dish Method D. Rag – doll method
3. A method that place the seeds in a damp cloth with spaces.
A. Seed Box method B. Visual Inspection method
C. Dish Method D. Rag – doll method
4. A method that has a procedure of “’Cover it with another sheet of moist tissue paper for
germination and count the seeds.
A. Seed Box method B. Visual Inspection method
C. Dish Method D. Rag – doll method

5. A method that counts the seeds that germinated after several days.
A. Rag – doll method B. Seed Box method
C. Dish Method D. Visual Inspection method

28
 6. Plant growers can determine the germinating ability of the seeds by_______.
A. testing the seed B. germination
C. watering the seed D. exposing the seed to sunlight
7. What kind of seeds should one choose to plan/propagate?
A. not matured seed B. healthy seed
C. unhealthy seed D. matured seed
8. The beginning growth of a seed is called _____.
A. planting B. germination C. propagation D. cutting
9. It is the part of a seed plant which can grow into a new plant.
A. roots B. petals C. seed D.
marcotting
10. A method that involves scooping a handful of seeds and checks the composition of
the seeds.
A. Seed Box method B. Visual Inspection method
C. Dish Method D. Rag – doll method

Definition of Terms

Term Definition
Seed A part of a seed plant which can grow into a new plant. It is a
reproductive structure which disperses, and can survive for
some time.
Germinatio The beginning growth of a seed is called germination or
n sprouting wherein a root is grown first to establish itself to the
ground to produce its food. Then continue to grow and develop
organs.

What’s in

Instructions: Read the following questions below. Select the correct answer from the
given choices and write the letter of your answer in your activity notebook.
1. They develop scientific improvements for each plant species in a locality and
adjacent
places.
A. Bureau of Plant Industry B. Department of Agriculture
C. Commercial Nursery D. Agricultural Institution
2. It is run by private individuals usually offering landscaping materials and services.
A. Agricultural Institution B. Commercial Nursery
C. Department of Agriculture D. Bureau of Plant Industry
3. A school that offers a course related to agriculture and other plant studies.
A. Department of Agriculture B. Bureau of Plant Industry
C. Agricultural Institution D. Commercial Nursery
4. Responsible for any agricultural activities in terms of vegetables and fruits.
A. Commercial Nursery B. Bureau of Plant Industry
C. Agricultural Institution D. Department of Agriculture

5. Source of Durian fruits in Mindanao.

A. Davao City B. Cagayan de Oro City C. Bukidnon D. Valencia City

29
 What’s New?

Instructions: Read the following questions below. Select the correct answer from the box
and write your answer in your activity notebook.

Give them plenty of light Keep the seedlings moist

Feed the seedlings Thin Seedlings as needed
Guard against leggy plants Protect against damping off disease

________1. Provide water to your seedling every couple of days.

________2. As soon as the newborn seedling begins to emerge, it seeks light.
________3. Seedlings are leggy when their main stem or stalk grows tall and thin and can
hardly support the leaf structure.
________4. This is a white mold that forms in the top of the soil.
________5. Plants in your garden do not like to be crowded.

What is It

Caring of seeds begin its selection up to storing them.

1. Proper selection of seeds

 Seeds must come from mature fruits or nearly mature fruits.
 Seed must have good germinating capacity. Collect seed only from healthy,
vigorous trees with good form, and quality growth.
 Seed should be free from mixture of weed seeds. Avoid picking from isolated
and naturally cross pollinating species of trees because they are of low
viability
 Seeds must be free from damage or diseases
 Seeds covered with pulp or with fruit juice must be washed. Dry good seeds
quickly under the sun.
2. Testing of Seeds – Plant growers can determine the germinating ability of the seeds by
testing them. Testing seeds before planting also prevents wasting of good seeds or avoid
the need to plant again.

Here are some ways of testing seeds

Method Procedure
Visual 1. Scoop a handful of seeds. Check the Composition of
Inspection Method the seeds
2. Remove immature, broken, undersized , and infested
seeds, weed seeds, stones and other impurities
Dish Method 1. Line the dish with moist tissue paper and seed
2. Cover it with another sheet of moist tissue paper for
germination and count the seeds
Rag – doll Method 1. Place the seeds in damp cloth with spaces
2. Roll the cloth on a piece of stick to circulate air
3. Count the number of seeds that Germinate after 3
days
Seed Box Method 1. Place the number of seeds in a seed box and
sprinkle with water
2. Count the seeds that germinated after several days

30
 3. Compute the percentage of germination using the
formula
Number of seeds sawn x 100= Percentage of germination

3. Storing of Seeds
The life of the seed must be ensured when storing it. Humidity is an important factor
causing deterioration of the vitality of the seeds when stored at room temperature. In
case the seeds are stored at room temperature, it should not be stored in a sealed
container except when the moisture content is reduced.

Reminders in storing a seeds:

a. In using desiccants, remember to use a container with tight cover. Place only the
desiccants at the bottom part with a punched- holed cardboard on top. Place the
seeds on top of the cardboard or in an envelope with proper labeling.
b. In cold temperature storing, put dry seeds in a bottle or jar with tight cover and
store only in the low or cold temperature.
c. Examine the bottled seeds without opening them once a month and checked for
possible fungi or insect infestation.

Maintaining your seedlings

As the seedling emerges from the soil, most growers breathe a big sigh of relief.
Close your eyes and you can almost see the plant grow and flourish into its full beauty,
producing an enviable profusion of flowers or vegetables. As you open your eyes, you will
immediately begin a new set of worries, over-nurturing the new born indoors for a short time
while the outdoor weather catches up with your goals.
1. Thin Seedlings as needed
Plants in your garden do not like to be crowded.
2. Give them plenty of light
As soon as the new born seedling begins to emerge, it seeks light. Your
new born needs as much direct light source as possible.
3. Keep the seedlings moist
Provide water to your seedling every couple of days. Do not soak the soil
night. Overly wet soil encourages the development of damping off disease. Let the soil
dry out a little on the top, then water thoroughly.
4. Feed the seedlings
The seedling does not need a lot of extra nutrients in its first few days of life. Your
soil starting mix usually comes with a balanced formula of nutrients that the seedlings
need. After several days, adding a little liquid fertilizer to the water is helpful, but you
do not need to give it full strength.
5. Guard against Leggy Plants
Seedlings are leggy when their main stem or stalk grows tall and thin and can
hardly support the leaf structure. It is caused by insufficient sunlight and a sheltered
environment.
6. Protect against Damping Off Disease
Those of us who have grown seedling indoors for any number of years know what
"Damping Off" disease. This is a white mould that forms in the top of the soil. Damping
Off disease flourishes in cold, wet damp weather along with little sunshine. It quickly
spreads across the soil and wilts the seedling.

If you do experience problems, do not give up hope. Here are some things you can
do to minimize or eliminate disease problems:

 First, get the plant in direct sunlight if possible.

31
  Stop watering until the surface is very dry.
 Water only from the bottom.
 Scrape as much of the mold off the soil as possible.
 Stir the top of the soil without disturbing the roots. It will also speed drying.
 Add some soil, although this may or may not produce results.
 Increase room air circulation. You can gently blow air on your plant trays with a small
fan.

Controlling the Disease

Controlling the disease is a matter of removing the environment that Damping Off disease
thrives in. Here are the basic do's and don'ts:
Do`s
Do buy sterilized seed-starting soil.
Do use clean, sterilized containers.
Do provide plenty of air circulation.
Do use a small fan and direct a gentle breeze
across the room. The important word here is
"gentle"
Do thin seedlings to increase air circulation.
Do provide as much sunlight as possible.
Do let the surface of the soil dry out between
watering. Watering from the bottom is
preferred.
Do stir the top of the soil around the seedlings.
Don`ts
Don't leave your seedling trays in the basement.
Basements are perfect breeding grounds for
diseases.
Don't overwater plants.
Don't use fertilizer on your new seedlings.
Don't use tray covers. While it is a popular practice
to use them, they increase the humidity level and
encourage disease growth.
Did you know? Nitrogen in your fertilizer can
promote rapid growth of Damping Off Disease.

Directions: Using the Fishbone graphic organizer, list all the 6ways of caring/
maintaining the seeds.

ESSAY WRITING: Answer the question briefly.

What’s
When More?
does the caring/maintaining of seeds starts? When does it ends?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

32
Rubrics:
5 4 3 2 1
The statement is
clearly defined. The idea can be
The idea can be
Appropriate relevant identified. Shares The main
identified. Shares
information and relevant information, idea can be
some
details are shared facts and identified. The idea is
information, facts
from a variety of experiences.  There is Share not clearly
and experiences,
sources including a clear distinction some stated.
but lacking of
personal between general information
relevant
experiences, observations and .
observation.
observations, and specifics.
prior knowledge.

What I Have Learned

Caring of seeds begin its selection up to storing them.

Proper way of selecting seeds:
⮚ Seeds must come from mature fruits or nearly mature fruits.
⮚ Seed must have good germinating capacity. Collect seed only from healthy,
vigorous trees with good form, and quality growth.
⮚ Seed should be free from mixture of weed seeds. Avoid picking from isolated
naturally cross pollinating species of trees because they are of low viability
⮚ Seeds must be free from damage or diseases
⮚ Seeds covered with pulp or with fruit juice must be washed. Dry good seeds
quickly under the sun.

By following the DO`S and DON`Ts in maintaining our seeds it will help us to become a
good orchard gardener.
Do`s Don`ts
Do buy sterilized seed -starting soil. Don't leave your seedling trays in the basement.
Basements are perfect breeding grounds.
Do use clean, sterilized containers. Don't overwater plants.
Do provide plenty of air circulation. Don't use fertilizer on your new seedlings.
Do use a small fan and direct a gentle breeze Don't use tray covers. While it is a popular practice
across the room. The important word here is to use them, they increase the humidity level and
"gentle" encourage disease growth.
Do thin seedlings to increase air circulation. Did you know? Nitrogen in your fertilizer can
promote rapid growth of Damping Off Disease.
Do provide as much sunlight as possible.
Do let the surface of the soil dry out between
watering. Watering from the bottom is
preferred.
Do stir the top of the soil around the seedlings.

33
 What I Can Do

Directions: Create a simple plant nursery at your backyard. Demonstrate/perform the ways
on how to care for seedling/maintain seedling.

RUBRICS FOR SCORING

10 – If all of the ways on how to care for seedling are correctly demonstrate
8- If almost all of the ways on how to care for seedling are correctly demonstrate
6- If some of the ways on how to care for seedling are correctly demonstrate
4- If few of the ways on how to care for seedlings are correctly demonstrate
2- If none of the ways on how to care for seedling are correctly demonstrate

POS Assessment

Directions. Fill in the blank with the correct answer. Write your answer in your quiz
notebook.

1. _______is the way of testing seeds by removing immature, broken, undersized, and
infested seeds.
2. In a seed box method, you place the number of seeds in a __________ and sprinkle
with water.
3. A ________ is a method of testing seeds that you place the seeds in a damp cloth with
spaces.
4. Line the dish with moist tissue paper and seed cover with another sheet of moist tissue
paper for germination is a procedure in ___________method.
5. The first step in caring a seed is ______________selection of seeds.

Directions. Write check (/) if the statement is true and mark (x) if the statement is false.

Write your answer on your quiz notebook.

______ 6. Overwater your plant/seed.
______ 7. Thin seedlings to increase air circulation.
______ 8. Use fertilizer on your new seedlings.
______ 9. Provide as much sunlight as possible.
______ 10. Stir the top of the soil around the seedlings.

Additional Activities

Directions: Out from your created simple plant nursery at your backyard, plant/propagate
seedlings on it. Following the ways on how to care for seedling/maintain seedling.

34
 Lesson Prepare Layout Design of an Orchard
6 Using Information Gathered

Welcome to TLE 6 Agriculture! This lesson introduces you on the key

concepts and ideas on Preparing Layout Design of an Orchard Gardening. Here, you
will learn the techniques of planting the crops in proper system.

What I Need to Know

At the end of this lesson, you are expected to:

a. explain the core concepts of lay out design of an orchard;
b. make a layout design of an Orchard; and
c. appreciate the importance of layout design of an orchard.

What I Know

Multiple Choice: Read the following statements and questions. Choose the letter of the
correct answer. Write it in your activity notebook.
1. Which is NOT the meaning of layout?
A. It is a technique of planting crops in a proper system.
B. Step-by-step information on system installation.
C. It is a location where fruit bearing crops are grown.
D. It is done to mark the positions of the plants in the field.
2. Which of the following gives the most important reasons of an orchard gardening?
A. Provide vital green spaces in our town and cities
B. Reducing impact on climate change
C. Provide abundant harvests of fresh fruits and many environmental benefits.
D. All of the above
3. Which is NOT a type of a lay out design?
A. Square Method C. Triangular Method
B. Rectangular Method D. Circular Method
4. Which of the following lay out design called diagonal method?

A. B. C. D.

5. It is the easiest and simplest way of laying out a design with the same distance
measurement.
A. Triangular/Hexagonal Method C. Square Method
B. Quincunx/Diagonal Method D. Contour or Terracing Method

35
 6. Which do you think is the most important reason of putting up an orchard?
A. Provides delicious and nutritious fruits to the people
B. To create healthy, diverse and resilient system, while reducing our impact on
climate change and environmental degradation
C. Provide vital green spaces in our cities and towns
D. All of the above.
7. Which type of orchard farms focused on growing tree-bearing fruits?
A. Seed Orchard C. Nut Orchard
B. Fruit Orchard D. Pine Orchard
8. Which type of orchard farms focus primarily on growing trees that produce high
quality of seeds?
A. Seed Orchard C. Nut Orchard
B. Fruit Orchard D. Tree Farm
9. How many trees do you need to make an orchard?
A. Three trees together C. Four trees together
B. Five trees together D. Two trees together
10. What fruit bearing trees that are commonly produced in the Philippines?
A. apple C. blueberries
B. kiwi D. mango

What’s In

Activity 1.1
Do you still remember the different types of orchard farms?
Direction: Fill in the blanks with the type of orchard referred in the sentences. Select your
answer from the choices inside the box. Write it in your activity notebook.

Fruit Orchard Nut Orchard Tree Farm Seed Orchard

_____________ 1. Focus primarily on growing trees which produce seeds

rather than fruits
_____________ 2. Large variety of facilities that produce pecans, cashews,
walnuts and even coconuts.
_____________ 3. Focused on fruit-bearing fruits like papaya, mangoes, and
more
_____________ 4. This kind of farm produced pine trees, Christmas trees,
and tree nurseries.
_____________ 5. It is genetically improved seeds to create plants for the
establishment of new forests.

36
 What’s New

Activity 1.2
Directions: Read the story below then answer the questions that follow. Write your answers
in your activity notebook.

Mang Tasyo and Mang Teryo were good neighbors. They loved to
plant and eat vegetables and fruits. One day, Mang Tasyo met Mang Teryo
and told him his plan that they are going to construct vegetable gardens in
their own yard.
Mang Tasyo wanted to have beautiful and proper location of his
plants in his garden. So, he decided to make a layout for his garden. While
Mang Teryo did not bothered himself on making a layout for his garden
because he believed that plants would just grow and bear fruits once it
planted.
Few months later, different fruits trees and vegetables grew together
in their yard. And they were both happy with their work.

Mang Tasyo’s Garden Mang Teryo’s Garden

Questions:
1. Which garden is in good shape and beautiful?
2. Is it really important to plan a layout on your garden? Why?
3. If you are going to have your own garden, what would you do first? Why?

What is It

Hi! Now you are going to discover the concepts and importance of “Laying out a
design of an Orchard,” The activity that you just had is an example of a layout design. Are
you excited? First, learn the concepts, methods and its importance.

Lay out
-is a technique of planting crops, a location of the position of plants, a drawing
of your plants positioning in specific area which gives aesthetic view on your orchard.

Types of Lay out Designs

37
1. Square Method – simplest and easiest method with the same distance
measurement

Example

Advantages: 1. Irrigation channels and paths can be made straight

2. Easy cultivation, spraying and harvesting
3. Better supervision

Disadvantages:
1. Limited trees can be planted in a given area
2. A certain amount of space is wasted in the middle of
four trees

2. Rectangular Method – formed from four adjacent trees that are in rectangular
shape

Example

Advantages: 1. Irrigation channels can made length and breathe-wise

2. Possible for intercropping
Disadvantages:
1. Limited trees can be planted in a given area.
2. A certain amount of space is wasted in the middle of
four trees

3. Quincunx or Diagonal Method – trees are planted like in square method but
has additional tree in the center of each square called a “filler
crop” (back up plants and should be green most of the time).

Example

Advantages: 1. Additional income can be earned from the filler crop

38
 2. Almost double the number of trees can be plated
initially
Disadvantages:
1. Skills required to lay out the orchard
2. Trees in between may interfere the growth of the
main crop
3. Spacing of the main crop is reduced if filler crop
continues to grow

4. Equilateral triangle or Hexagonal Method – trees are planted at the corners

of an equilateral triangle, where six triangle are joined forming a
hexagon shape with a seventh tree at the center.

Example

Advantages: 1. Ideal for fertile soil and with the source of water
2. More trees can be planted
3. Same distance can be maintained
4. More income can be obtained

Disadvantages:
1.Difficult intercultural operations
2. Skill is required to layout the orchard

5. Contour or Terracing Method – the imaginary line connecting all points with
equal elevation across the slope is called contour done in hilly areas by
connecting all points of some elevation across slope maintaining the
space.

Example

Advantage: 1. Can be utilized in hilly areas and in leveled land

2. Helps in controlling soil erosion
3. Helps conservation of water
4. Easy path for movements on the hills slopes for various
tasks in the orchard.
Disadvantages:
1. Difficult laying out of contour lines and time
consuming
2. Requires special skills and instruments to make
contour lines layout the method

39
 3. Not equal row to row distance and adjustments may
be required in the plant-to-plant distance

What’s More

Importance of Laying out an orchard

- is very important in such a way that it gives you easy
operations like cultivation, intercropping, irrigation,
spraying of plant, protection chemicals and growth
regulators.

Benefits of an orchard
- Provide many environmental benefits. They reduce
heating and cooling costs
- reduce pollution and take up carbon dioxide
- provide oxygen, provide habitat for wildlife
- provide habitat for wildlife, healthy body
- hold water and reduce soil erosion,
- gives shade to people and cool environment
- Economic opportunity

 Five trees together are generally accepted as lower limit of orchard garden.

What I Have Learned

Activity 1.4
Direction: Read and match Column A with Column B. Write your answer in your activity
notebook.

Column A
1. Contour and Terracing Method
2. Square Method
3. Equilateral Triangle or Hexagonal Method
Column B
a. simplest and easiest method
b. formed from four adjacent trees that are in
a rectangular shape rectangular shape
c. trees are planted like in square method
but has additional tree in the center of
each square called a ‘filler crop”

4. Quincunx or Diagonal Method d. trees are planted at the corners of an

equilateral triangle, where six triangles

40
 are joined forming hexagon shape with
seventh tree at the center
5. Rectangular Method e. the imaginary line connecting all points
with equal elevation across the slope
g. Connects to a certain points of area.

What I Can Do

Activity 1.5
Direction: Make a layout design using the method you just learned earlier and which you
think best for your area.
Here, your performance will be assessed from the rubrics below.

Scores
Criteria
5 3 1
Accuracy The pictorial view was The pictorial view was The pictorial view
drawn according to somehow drawn was not drawn
standard according to standard according to standard
Design Layout is easy to Layout shows potential Layout is confusing
navigate
Line Technique Application of various At least three (3) lines More than five (5)
line was used used not according to lines were not
according to planned standards according to
standards
Neatness Output was neatly Erasures/smudges are Outputs has too
done observable on the many
layout erasures/smudges

Assessment

41
Direction: Read the following statements and questions. Choose the letter of the correct
answer. Write it in your activity notebook.
1. What fruit bearing trees that are commonly produced in the Philippines?
A. apple C. blueberries
B. kiwi D. mango
2. How many trees do you need to make an orchard?
A. Three trees together C. Four trees together
B. Five trees together D. two trees together
3. Which type of orchard farms focus primarily on growing trees that produce high
quality of seeds?
A. Seed Orchard C. Nut Orchard
B. Fruit Orchard D. Tree Farm
4. Which type of orchard farms focused on growing tree-bearing fruits?
A. Seed Orchard C. Nut Orchard
B. Fruit Orchard D. Pine Orchard
5. Which do you think is the most important reason of putting up an orchard?
A. Provides delicious and nutritious fruits to the people
B. To create healthy, diverse and resilient system, while reducing our impact on
` climate change and environmental degradation
C. Provide vital green spaces in our cities and towns
D. All of the above.
6. It is the easiest and simplest way of laying out a design with the same distance
measurement.
A. Triangular/Hexagonal Method C. Square Method
B. Quincunx/Diagonal Method D. Contour or Terracing Method
7. Which of the following lay out design called diagonal method?
A. B. C. D.

8. Which is NOT the type of a lay out design?

A. Square Method C. Triangular Method
B. Rectangular Method D. Circular Method
9. Which of the following gives the most important reasons of an orchard gardening?
A. Provide vital green spaces in our town and cities
B. Reducing impact on climate change
C. Provide abundant harvests of fresh fruits and many environmental benefits.
D. All of the above
10. Which is NOT the meaning of layout?
A. It is a technique of planting crops in a proper system.
B. Step-by-step information on system installation.
C. It is a location where fruit bearing crops are grown.
D. It is done to mark the positions of the plants in the field.

Additional Activities

42
Activity 1.6
Direction: Write a paragraph of at least five (5) sentences about the importance of Layout
Design of an orchard. Do it on your activity notebook.

Performance rubrics:
Criteria 5 4 3 2 1
Excellent Very Satisfactory Moderately Good
Satisfactory Satisfactory
Content/Thought
Organization
Grammar/Spelling

43
 Answer Key

Lesson 1

Lesson 2

44
Lesson 3
What`s in
1. D
2. C
3. A
4. D
5. C

What’s New
A E I O U R P H R H
M A R C O T T I N G
R W G R N E G G E I
G S C I O N R B C G
H D B J I S A N U T
M Z J D W A F M T F
N T D X T Q T R T E
L U V C U W I L I D
B L C Z O Y N K N S
S R X A F K G P G W

45
What`s More
4
B
U
D
5 D
C 3 R H I Z O M E S
U N
1 M A R C O T T I N G
T
I
2 G R A F T I N G
G

Lesson 4

46
Lesson 5

What`s in What’s New

1 A 1. Keep the seedlings moist

2 B 2. Give them plenty of light

3 C 3. Guard against Leggy Plants

4 D 4. Protect Against Damping Off

Disease
5 A
5. Thin Seedlings as needed

Thin Seedlings Give them Keep the

as needed plenty of light seedlings moist

Feed the Guard against Protect Against

seedlings Leggy Plants Damping Off Disease

47
Lesson 6

48
References:
Lesson 1
Valencia Detailed Lesson Plan

Lesson 2
Valencia Detailed Lesson Plan
Lesson 3
Readymade DLP of Valencia City pages 44-48, 65, 70-72

Lesson 4
https://commons.deped.gov.ph/categories/aa83ff98-ob05-488e-80fb-7b1bea61640
Lesson 5
Readymade DLP of Valencia City pages 49-51
Lesson 6
http://ecoursesonline.iasri.res.in/mod/page/view.php?=1578
https://www.scribd.com/doc/52307512/Method-of
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orchard
https://www.theorchardproject.org.uk/guides_and_advise/things-to-look-out-for-whe
https://havefunclass.blogspot.com/p/orchard-gardening.html?m=1

49
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Division of Lanaodel Norte

Office Address:Gov. A. QuibranzaProv’l. Gov’t. Compound,
Pigcarangan, Tubod, LanaodelNorte
Telephone Nos.: (063)227 – 6633, (063)341 – 5109
E-mail Address: lrmdsldn@gmail.com

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