Introduction

In the eighties, the definition of sustainability was introduced in the environmental

literature to indicate the progress and economic evolution of countries sensitive to
environmental problems. One of the most common endings of this term is the pursuit of
economic prosperity by maintaining it over time, simultaneously protecting the natural
systems of the world and providing a better quality of life for its citizens. On the other
hand, it has been defined as a process that encompasses the economic progress of
society while respecting the living environment and is responsible for meeting all the
needs presented today without the intention of risking power for the benefit of future
generations. Its purpose is to ensure that economic development does not negatively
affect the life of the planet or the perseverance of humanity, and that achieving this
process requires the integration of economic growth, social justice, and environmental
protection. The definition of sustainable development appeared in the twentieth century
Once the consequences of the ecosystem of the socio-economic model of the
consumer community could not be hidden after the Industrial Revolution. However, his
idea was formally employed in the Broodland Report, which was drafted by the World
Environment and Development Commission appointed by Harlem Brundland, known as
the Prime Minister of Norway. This report expresses the idea of meeting the current
needs of humanity without jeopardizing the possibilities of meeting the own needs of
future generations.

The difference between sustainable and sustainable development

According to the United Nations, the inequality that exists between sustainable
development and sustainable development is that the latter refers to the process in
which natural resources are preserved for the good of future generations and exclude
any necessities, be they political, social and cultural. Do not risk future generations
based on meeting the needs of the current generation of social, economic and healthy
environment.

Features of sustainable development

At present, stability is an advancement that seeks to survive for future generations in a

world and in a community that is equal or better than the present over time. Based on
this, various features have been collected to determine what sustainable development
represents, as mentioned below:

● Sustainable development is the search for ways in which economic activity is

able to sustain or improve environmental systems.
● Ensures that economic activity is perfect for a better quality of life.
● It is the only one that uses resources efficiently and promotes reuse and reuse.
● This is what gives you the confidence to implement clean technology.
● It repairs damaged ecosystems and recognizes the true value of nature for
human well-being and well-being.

Types of sustainable development

Sustainable development is based on the development of strategies on three important

factors such as society, economy and environment. As such, it is recognized that any
activity is of a sustainable nature when it is entitled to a combination of these three
pillars and is able to guarantee neutrality, realism and habitat.

Economic stability

It refers to the use of various strategies for recruiting, protecting and conserving human
resources in the best way possible to establish a responsible, efficient and sustainable
long-term balance through recovery and reuse. In general, economic sustainability is
defined as the ability of an economy to sustainably sustain a certain level of economic
production and seek to meet different needs through human development by supporting
the administration of natural resources and the environment. For future generations.
Environmental capacity

This strategy examines and determines renewable and non-renewable natural

resources around the world, to help support and improve the quality of life of many
people and the various habitats currently inhabited. For this reason, it seeks to develop
knowledge that can contribute to the sustainability of various agricultural systems and,
as a result, to non-environmental impacts and to adapt to climate change.

Social sustainability

It can be defined as the pursuit of balance and equity whose goal is to reduce poverty,
support the virtues of economic development and ensure the basic needs of each
individual. It encourages individuals to engage in socially conscious behavior, to leave a
completely stable world for the next generation, and to encourage conscious practice of
human freedom, establish a satisfactory level of training, education and awareness,
facilitate cultural diversity and adopt values that are conducive to humanity and the
environment. Can create harmonious behavior in.

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are a new agenda for global
development.

The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) were adopted by the UN General

Assembly in 2000 before the Sustainable Development Goals. Bangladesh's success in
achieving the MDGs that ended in 2015 is quite significant. The areas in which
Bangladesh has succeeded in MDGs are poverty alleviation, health, education and
gender equality. Successful implementation of the SDGs is needed to sustain this
success. Because the 16 goals of the SDGs from 2017 to 2030 are: poverty eradication,
food security, nutritional development, healthy achievement, quality education
opportunities, universal empowerment of women, safe water and sanitation, and the
proper use of marine resources to address the effects of climate change. To do.
Bangladesh has already started activities to implement the SDG targets. SDG's goals
include internal development as well as programs to bring stability to global
partnerships. From reducing the loss of biodiversity to building a peaceful and
participatory society or ensuring justice for all, building effective, accountable and
participatory institutions at all levels will be major challenges in achieving the SDG
targets. Bangladesh will surely succeed if it can take the initiative to implement the
SDGs by coordinating with the public and private sectors and coordinating the
development plan and the three five-year plans to be implemented by 2030.

Sustainable development in Mexico

There are many initiatives facing the challenge of sustainable development in Mexico
today, and some examples are green buildings, ventilation and forest protection.
Ecological constructions include the development of community afforestation agencies
for local development, cooperation in forest and conservation work, and the creation of
community resources.

17 sustainable development goals(SDGs) to transform the world:

The SDG is a worldwide appeal for measures to eradicate poverty, safeguard the planet
and guarantee that everyone enjoys prosperity and peace. For global sustainable
development, SDGs are the goals.

These 17 targets expand on the achievements of the MDGs and include additional
objectives such as climate change, economic inequality, innovation, sustainable
consumption, peace and justice. The goals are interrelated - problems are typically
correlated with others to be addressed more regularly as the key to success.

1.No Poverty:

In all of its forms, eradicating poverty is one of humanity's most difficult undertakings.
More than half of those living under the poverty line improved their conditions between
1990 and 2015. Still, too many people continue to struggle to gain fundamental human
rights.

Over 736 million people were still living on less than $1.90 per day, with insufficient
food, potable water, and sanitation, by 2015. Rapid expansion has led millions,
particularly China and India, to poverty, yet unprecedented successes have been
achieved. Women are more prone than males to become impoverished. Their
employment, education and property are less paid.

Small advances have been achieved in other regions, including South Asia and
SubSaharan Africa, representing 80% of persons living in severe poverty. To help
people escape poverty, different issues, such as climate change, conflict, and food
instability, need a more significant commitment.

The SDGs represent a courageous commitment to end what we have started and to
eradicate poverty by2030. This includes focusing on the most vulnerable and expanding
essential resources and services as well as help for conflict-affected communities and
climatic catastrophes.

2.Zero hunger:

Due to rapid economic growth and better agricultural output, the number of people who
are undernourished has decreased more than half in the last two decades. Many
developing nations that formerly suffered from famine and hunger are now able to
satisfy their nutritional needs. Central and Eastern Asia, Latin America, and the
Caribbean have all made significant progress addressing critical needs.

Unfortunately, in many nations, acute starvation and malnutrition remain significant

obstacles to progress. By 2017 it was projected that 821 million people were chronically
undernourished, often caused by the destruction of the environment, drought and
biodiversity. The hazardous weight loss of more than 90 million youngsters under five is
low. Disneeding and extreme food insecurity seem to have increased in nearly all of
Africa and South America.

The SDGs aim to eliminate hunger and malnutrition by 2030, ensuring that everyone,
especially children, has access to enough and nutritious food throughout the year. This
involves promoting sustainable agriculture, helping small-scale farmers, and ensuring
that all people have equitable access to land, technology, and markets. International
collaboration is also needed to assure infrastructure and technological investments to
boost agricultural production.

3.Good Health and Well-Being:

We've made tremendous progress against several significant sources of mortality and
disease. The population is expected to grow significantly, newborn and maternal death
rates have decreased, HIV has been eliminated, and malaria deaths have been cut in
half.

The 2030 Agenda acknowledges the significance of good health in sustainability,

highlighting the two's connection and intricacy. It covers the ongoing burden of HIV and
other infectious illnesses and emerging concerns such as NCDs, industrialization, and
environmental and climatic hazards. To end poverty and decrease disparities, SDG 3
will need universal access to healthcare to be achieved. Antimicrobial resistance, for
example, is a new global health priority that is not explicitly addressed in the SDGs.

The globe, on the other hand, is falling short of the SDGs linked to health. Both between
and within nations, progress has been unequal. The difference between countries with
the shortest and longest life expectancies is 31 years. While some nations have
achieved significant progress, national averages hide the fact that many others are
lagging. In order to alleviate disparities and promote universal care, multisectoral, rights-
based and gender-sensitive methods are necessary.

4.Quality Education:

There have been tremendous advances since 2000 towards the universal primary
education objective. In 2015, the overall enrollment rate in emerging regions amounted
to 91%, while the worldwide number of school children dropped by almost half.
Alphabetic rates have also substantially grown, and more females than ever before
attend school. All of them are outstanding achievements.

In certain emerging regions, progress has also been difficult due to high poverty levels,
violent conflicts and other catastrophes. The continuous armed conflict has increased
the number of youngsters dropping out of school in Western Asia and North Africa. It's a
pattern about it. In all developing nations, Sub-Saharan Africa was the most progressed
in primary school enrollment, yet considerable disparities remain between 52% in 1990
and 78% in 2012. Up to four times better than that of the affluent, the children of the
poorest households may be away from school. There are still substantial differences
between rural and urban regions.

The fact that education is one of the most powerful and proven drivers for long-term
growth is confirmed by inclusive and high-quality education for all. All girls and boys will
enjoy free elementary and high school before 2030. It strives to provide equalization of
access to inexpensive training, elimination of gender inequalities and income disparities,
and universal access to excellent higher education.

5.Gender Equality:
Not only does it represent a fundamental human right to stop all forms of discrimination
against girls and women, but it has also been proven that empowering women and girls
encourages economic growth and development, which is essential for the future.

UNDP has made gender equality a priority in its work, and over the past 20 years, we
have witnessed significant progress. Girls are now more likely than 15 years ago to
attend school, and most regions in elementary education have achieved gender
equality.

Though more women than ever are employed, there are still substantial disparities in
certain places, with women frequently denying them the same rights to work as men.
Sexual abuse, unfair allocation of unpaid care and domestic labour and public office
discrimination are major obstacles. Climate change, natural and war catastrophes and
migration continue to harm women and children disproportionately.

Women's equal rights are essential in land and property, sexual and reproductive
health, technological access and the internet. More women are in public office now than
ever, but encouraging women leaders will contribute to greater equality between women
and men.

6.Clean Water and Sanitation:

More than 40% of the population complains about a scarcity of water. And an alarming
and risky figure is expected to rise as temperatures are increasing. Each continent has
been witnessing a deterioration in water resources, while 2. 1 billion people have
improved their water hygiene since 1990.

Water stress is becoming more prevalent in more countries, and rising drought and
desertification exacerbate the problem. It is predicted that by 2050, at least one in every
four people will face recurring water shortages.

We have to invest in appropriate infrastructure, sanitation and hygiene promotion to

provide safe and cheap drinking water for all by 2030. Water-related ecosystems must
be safeguarded and restored.

Across the world, safe drinking water is provided, and affordable drinking water is
available. More than 800 million people have no access to vital services, and over two
billion people have access to this service and safety. In 2015 there was a shortage of
safe sanitation services for 4.5 billion people. Moreover, even basic sanitation was not
ensured for 2.3 billion.
7.Affordable and Clean Energy:

The number of electrical users rose from 78 percent to 90 percent between 2000 and
2018, while persons without power fell to 789 million.

However, as the population expands, there will be significant changes in our

environment. The demand for cheap energy also grows. Also, an economy dependent
on fossil fuels is causing considerable changes in our climate and environment.

SDG 7 needs to be achieved by 2030 to invest in solar, wind and thermal power,
increase energy efficiency, and guarantee energy for the world.

The prosperity of all states will be ensured by offering cleaner, better energy, the
expansion of infrastructure and modernization technologies. It will also help the
environment.

8.Decent Work and Economic Growth:

Despite the long term consequences of the economic crisis of 2008 and the global
recession, the total number of employees suffering from extreme poverty has declined
substantially over the previous 25 years. In developing and emerging countries, middle-
class people currently account for more than 34% of total jobs, almost quadrupled
between 1991 and 2015.

However, while the world economy continues to develop, growth is slower, disparities
have increased, and employment is lacking to meet the requirements of expanding
labour forces. In 2015, more than 204 million people were unemployed, according to the
International Labour Organization.

Long-term economic development, efficiency growth and technological advancement

are encouraged by the Substantial Development Goals. It is vital to motivate business
and create new jobs, including comprehensive actions to abolish forced labour, slavery,
and human trafficking. This connection intends to achieve full, productive employment
and stable employment for all women and men by 2030.

9.Industry , Innovation, And Infrastructure:

One of the crucial drivers of economic growth and development is an investment
in infrastructure and innovation. Mass transport, renewable energy, and the
growth of new industries and information technology are becoming increasingly
significant with more than half of the world's population currently living in urban
centres . Long-term solutions to economic and environmental concerns, such as
creating new jobs and increasing energy efficiency, require technological
innovation. Investing in scientific research and innovation, as well as promoting
sustainable industries, are all key methods to support long-term development.

In the present world, there are still over 4 billion individuals in the globe who do
not have access to the internet, 90% of whom are from developing countries. To
bridge the digital divide , it is essential to provide equal access to information and
knowledge while simultaneously fostering innovation and entrepreneurship.

10.Reduced Inequalities:

Income inequality is increasing in the present world . At present, in this world of

inequalities, the richest 10% earn up to 40% of global income, while the poorest
10% earn only 2% to 7%. When we consider population growth in developing
countries, income inequality in those countries has increased by 11%.In recent
decades income inequality has increased almost everywhere but not at the same
pace. This income inequality is lowest in Europe and highest in the Middle East.

These widening gaps and inequalities in income necessitate sound policies that
empower low-wage individuals and promote economic inclusion for all people,
regardless of gender, color, or ethnicity.

Inequality in income needs global solutions. This will involve the improvement of
financial market regulation and monitoring by encouraging development aid and
foreign direct investment in regions where there is a greater need for them.
Enabling secure migration and human mobility is also crucial in bridging the
widening gap.

11.Sustainable cities and communities:

Cities are home to more than half of us. By 2050, two-thirds of the world's
population (6.5 billion people) will be urban people. Without fundamentally
modifying the way we plan and manage urban environments, we will not be able
to achieve sustainable development.

The cities are growing rapidly due to rising populations and migration. Slums are
becoming a more significant aspect of urban life as cities grow. This growth has
resulted in a surge in megacities, particularly in the developing world, and slums
are becoming a more prominent feature of urban life.

Creating job and business possibilities, providing secure and affordable housing,
and building resilient communities and economies are all part of making cities
more sustainable.

12.Responsible Consumption and Production:

To achieve economic growth and long-term development, we must drastically

minimize our environmental footprint by altering how we produce and consume
commodities and resources. Agriculture is the world's largest water user, with
irrigation accounting for about 70% of all freshwater available for human use.
To reach this goal, we must manage our common natural resources efficiently,
as well as dispose of toxic waste and pollutants in a responsible manner. It is
vital to encourage companies, businesses, and consumers to recycle and
decrease waste, as well as to assist emerging nations in transitioning to more
sustainable consumption practices by 2030.

Even now, a large segment of the global population eats insufficiently to meet
their fundamental needs. Reduced global food waste per capita at the retailer
and consumer levels is also necessary for more efficient production and supply
chains. This could improve food security and lead to a more resource-efficient
economy.

13.Climate Action:

There isn't a country on the planet that hasn't been affected by climate change.
Emissions of greenhouse gases are now more than 50% higher than they were
in 1990. Our climate system is undergoing long-term changes as a result of
global warming, which could have permanent repercussions if we do nothing.

Climate-related calamities cause annual economic damages in the hundreds of

billions of dollars. This is not to include the human toll of geophysical
catastrophes, which are 91 percent caused by climate change and which killed
1.3 million people and injured 4.4 billion people between 1998 and 2017.The goal
is to raise $100 billion per year by 2020 to assist and support developing
countries in coping with climate change while simultaneously investing in low-
carbon development.

Supporting vulnerable regions will have a direct impact on climate action as well
as the other substantial development goals. These steps must be taken in
tandem with attempts to include catastrophe risk reduction, sustainable natural
resource management, and human security into national development
plansThese actions must be performed in conjunction with efforts to include
disaster risk reduction, sustainable natural resource management, and human
security into national development plans. With strong political will, more
investment, and cutting-edge technologies, it is still possible to limit global mean
temperature rise to two degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels, aiming for
1.5°C. But this would require urgent and significant collective action.

14.Life Below Water:

The temperature, chemistry, currents, and life of the world's seas drive global
processes that keep the Earth habitable for humans. The way we manage this
valuable resource is critical for mankind as a whole, as well as for mitigating
climate change's effects.

Moreover, the livelihoods of almost three billion people are dependent on marine
and coastal biodiversity. 30% of the world's fish populations are now driven to
extinction and destroyed, with yields that fall below what they can sustain.

About 30 percent of the humanly created carbon dioxide is also absorbed by the
ocean and since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution ocean acidity has
increased 26 percent. The vast proportion of marine contamination occurs on
land, with an average of 13,000 plastic waste per square kilometer of sea.

The aim of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is to manage and

preserve marine and coastal ecosystems from pollution while also resolving
ocean acidification's consequences. Improving ocean-based resource
preservation, conservation, and long-term usage through international legislation
can also help to relieve some of the issues that our oceans are facing.

15. Life Below Land:

Our subsistence and livelihoods are as much reliant on the earth as they are on
the ocean. Plant life accounts for 80% of our diet, and agriculture is a vital
economic resource for us.About 30% of the Earth's surface is covered by forests
Moreover, forests also offer critical habitat for millions of species, are significant
providers of clean air and water, and are significant in the battle against climate
change.

Every year, 13 million hectares of forest are destroyed, while the continued
deterioration of drylands has resulted in the desertification of 3.6 billion hectares,
harming poor populations disproportionately.Biodiversity is still in jeopardy, even
though 15% of the land is protected. Almost 7,000 animal and plant species have
been unlawfully exported and illegally traded. Wildlife trafficking not only
weakens biodiversity, but it also leads to instability, promotes war, and
encourages corruption.

To enhance global food and water security, as well as mitigation and adaptation
to climate change, and also peace and security , there is an essential need to
take immediate action to minimize the loss of our shared heritage of natural
ecosystems and biodiversity.
16. Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions:

Without peace, stability, human rights, and good governance based on the rule of
law, we cannot hope for long-term progress. Nonetheless, our world is becoming
increasingly divided. While some regions experience peace, security, and
prosperity, others seem to be trapped in a never-ending cycle of strife and
violence. This isn't unavoidable, and it has to be resolved.

Armed violence and insecurity have a detrimental effect on the development of a

country, hindering economic progress and often leading to long-term
dissatisfaction. Sexual assault, crime, exploitation and torture are all frequent
when there is a dispute or conflict or no rule of law . States must take measures
to protect those who are most vulnerable.

The objectives and targets of the Sustainable Development Objectives (SDGs)

are to eliminate all types of violence dramatically and successfully and work
closest to conflict and insecurity with governments and communities. It is a
crucial component of this process that we improve and enforce rule of law and
human rights as well as reducing illegal weapons flows and boosting the
involvement of developing nations in global governance organisations.

17.Partnership for the Goals:

Strong global alliances and cooperation are required to achieve the SDGs. In
2017, Official Development Assistance remained stable but fell below the target
of US$147 billion. Humanitarian crises resulting from conflict or natural
catastrophes continue to necessitate increased financial resources and
assistance. In order to promote growth and trade, many countries require Official
Development Assistance.
The world is more interconnected than it has ever been. Improving access to
technology and knowledge is a crucial step toward fostering creativity and
sharing ideas. For long-term growth and development, it's critical to coordinate
policies that help emerging countries manage their debt while still encouraging
investment in the least developed.
The objectives are to improve North-South and South-South collaboration by
assisting national programs to meet all of the objectives. Promoting international
trade and aiding impoverished nations to boost exports are all vital parts of
establishing a global, regulatory, and fair trade system for everybody.

Sustainable development in today’s word:

The UN has multiple organizations to research and development. They mine to
implement theories all over the planet for a sustainable world. But most of their orgs feel
the crisis of funds where many world leaders seek opportunities to grow their self
economy. We can see from the recent Corona pandemic where WHO, a subsidiary
body of the UN had to urge world leaders for funding.

Some people see sustainable development as a threat to their historical brain

manipulation theory not as a long term action for a better future. Recent events of the
Indian government to their border shared countries show how they maintain peace and
economical exchange programs. Even democratic countries keep silent when
development comes globally.

But there are flavours of sustainable development in many democratic many countries.
They are utilizing manpower, resources and economy in a very effective way. Like the
USA, Canada, China, India, etc. they are becoming more self dependent. Growing
educationally and economically. Things will happen in the long run.