Introduction

In the eighties, the definition of sustainability was introduced in the environmental literature to
indicate the progress and economic evolution of countries sensitive to environmental problems.
One of the most common endings of this term is the pursuit of economic prosperity by
maintaining it over time, simultaneously protecting the natural systems of the world and
providing a better quality of life for its citizens. On the other hand, it has been defined as a
process that encompasses the economic progress of society while respecting the living
environment and is responsible for meeting all the needs presented today without the intention of
risking power for the benefit of future generations. Its purpose is to ensure that economic
development does not negatively affect the life of the planet or the perseverance of humanity,
and that achieving this process requires the integration of economic growth, social justice, and
environmental protection. The definition of sustainable development appeared in the twentieth
century Once the consequences of the ecosystem of the socio-economic model of the consumer
community could not be hidden after the Industrial Revolution. However, his idea was formally
employed in the Broodland Report, which was drafted by the World Environment and
Development Commission appointed by Harlem Brundland, known as the Prime Minister of
Norway. This report expresses the idea of meeting the current needs of humanity without
jeopardizing the possibilities of meeting the own needs of future generations.

The difference between sustainable and sustainable development

According to the United Nations, the inequality that exists between sustainable development and
sustainable development is that the latter refers to the process in which natural resources are
preserved for the good of future generations and exclude any necessities, be they political, social
and cultural. Do not risk future generations based on meeting the needs of the current generation
of social, economic and healthy environment.
Features of sustainable development

At present, stability is an advancement that seeks to survive for future generations in a world and
in a community that is equal or better than the present over time. Based on this, various features
have been collected to determine what sustainable development represents, as mentioned below:

● Sustainable development is the search for ways in which economic activity is able to
sustain or improve environmental systems.
● Ensures that economic activity is perfect for a better quality of life.
● It is the only one that uses resources efficiently and promotes reuse and reuse.
● This is what gives you the confidence to implement clean technology.
● It repairs damaged ecosystems and recognizes the true value of nature for human well-
being and well-being.

Types of sustainable development

Sustainable development is based on the development of strategies on three important factors

such as society, economy and environment. As such, it is recognized that any activity is of a
sustainable nature when it is entitled to a combination of these three pillars and is able to
guarantee neutrality, realism and habitat.

Economic stability

It refers to the use of various strategies for recruiting, protecting and conserving human resources
in the best way possible to establish a responsible, efficient and sustainable long-term balance
through recovery and reuse. In general, economic sustainability is defined as the ability of an
economy to sustainably sustain a certain level of economic production and seek to meet different
needs through human development by supporting the administration of natural resources and the
environment. For future generations.

Environmental capacity
This strategy examines and determines renewable and non-renewable natural resources around
the world, to help support and improve the quality of life of many people and the various habitats
currently inhabited. For this reason, it seeks to develop knowledge that can contribute to the
sustainability of various agricultural systems and, as a result, to non-environmental impacts and
to adapt to climate change.

Social sustainability

It can be defined as the pursuit of balance and equity whose goal is to reduce poverty, support
the virtues of economic development and ensure the basic needs of each individual. It
encourages individuals to engage in socially conscious behavior, to leave a completely stable
world for the next generation, and to encourage conscious practice of human freedom, establish a
satisfactory level of training, education and awareness, facilitate cultural diversity and adopt
values that are conducive to humanity and the environment. Can create harmonious behavior in.

17 sustainable development goals(SDGs) to transform the world:

The SDG is a worldwide appeal for measures to eradicate poverty, safeguard the planet and
guarantee that everyone enjoys prosperity and peace. For global sustainable development, SDGs
are the goals.

These 17 targets expand on the achievements of the MDGs and include additional objectives
such as climate change, economic inequality, innovation, sustainable consumption, peace and
justice. The goals are interrelated - problems are typically correlated with others to be addressed
more regularly as the key to success.

1.No Poverty:
In all of its forms, eradicating poverty is one of humanity's most difficult undertakings. More
than half of those living under the poverty line improved their conditions between 1990 and
2015. Still, too many people continue to struggle to gain fundamental human rights.

Over 736 million people were still living on less than $1.90 per day, with insufficient food,
potable water, and sanitation, by 2015. Rapid expansion has led millions, particularly China and
India, to poverty, yet unprecedented successes have been achieved. Women are more prone than
males to become impoverished. Their employment, education and property are less paid.

Small advances have been achieved in other regions, including South Asia and SubSaharan
Africa, representing 80% of persons living in severe poverty. To help people escape poverty,
different issues, such as climate change, conflict, and food instability, need a more significant
commitment.

The SDGs represent a courageous commitment to end what we have started and to eradicate
poverty by2030. This includes focusing on the most vulnerable and expanding essential
resources and services as well as help for conflict-affected communities and climatic
catastrophes.

2.Zero hunger:

Due to rapid economic growth and better agricultural output, the number of people who are
undernourished has decreased more than half in the last two decades. Many developing nations
that formerly suffered from famine and hunger are now able to satisfy their nutritional needs.
Central and Eastern Asia, Latin America, and the Caribbean have all made significant progress
addressing critical needs.

Unfortunately, in many nations, acute starvation and malnutrition remain significant obstacles to
progress. By 2017 it was projected that 821 million people were chronically undernourished,
often caused by the destruction of the environment, drought and biodiversity. The hazardous
weight loss of more than 90 million youngsters under five is low. Disneeding and extreme food
insecurity seem to have increased in nearly all of Africa and South America.

The SDGs aim to eliminate hunger and malnutrition by 2030, ensuring that everyone, especially
children, has access to enough and nutritious food throughout the year. This involves promoting
sustainable agriculture, helping small-scale farmers, and ensuring that all people have equitable
access to land, technology, and markets. International collaboration is also needed to assure
infrastructure and technological investments to boost agricultural production.

3.Good Health and Well-Being:

We've made tremendous progress against several significant sources of mortality and disease.
The population is expected to grow significantly, newborn and maternal death rates have
decreased, HIV has been eliminated, and malaria deaths have been cut in half.

The 2030 Agenda acknowledges the significance of good health in sustainability, highlighting
the two's connection and intricacy. It covers the ongoing burden of HIV and other infectious
illnesses and emerging concerns such as NCDs, industrialization, and environmental and climatic
hazards. To end poverty and decrease disparities, SDG 3 will need universal access to healthcare
to be achieved. Antimicrobial resistance, for example, is a new global health priority that is not
explicitly addressed in the SDGs.

The globe, on the other hand, is falling short of the SDGs linked to health. Both between and
within nations, progress has been unequal. The difference between countries with the shortest
and longest life expectancies is 31 years. While some nations have achieved significant progress,
national averages hide the fact that many others are lagging. In order to alleviate disparities and
promote universal care, multisectoral, rights-based and gender-sensitive methods are necessary.

4.Quality Education:
There have been tremendous advances since 2000 towards the universal primary education
objective. In 2015, the overall enrollment rate in emerging regions amounted to 91%, while the
worldwide number of school children dropped by almost half. Alphabetic rates have also
substantially grown, and more females than ever before attend school. All of them are
outstanding achievements.

In certain emerging regions, progress has also been difficult due to high poverty levels, violent
conflicts and other catastrophes. The continuous armed conflict has increased the number of
youngsters dropping out of school in Western Asia and North Africa. It's a pattern about it. In all
developing nations, Sub-Saharan Africa was the most progressed in primary school enrollment,
yet considerable disparities remain between 52% in 1990 and 78% in 2012. Up to four times
better than that of the affluent, the children of the poorest households may be away from school.
There are still substantial differences between rural and urban regions.

The fact that education is one of the most powerful and proven drivers for long-term growth is
confirmed by inclusive and high-quality education for all. All girls and boys will enjoy free
elementary and high school before 2030. It strives to provide equalization of access to
inexpensive training, elimination of gender inequalities and income disparities, and universal
access to excellent higher education.

5.Gender Equality:

Not only does it represent a fundamental human right to stop all forms of discrimination against
girls and women, but it has also been proven that empowering women and girls encourages
economic growth and development, which is essential for the future.

UNDP has made gender equality a priority in its work, and over the past 20 years, we have
witnessed significant progress. Girls are now more likely than 15 years ago to attend school, and
most regions in elementary education have achieved gender equality.
Though more women than ever are employed, there are still substantial disparities in certain
places, with women frequently denying them the same rights to work as men. Sexual abuse,
unfair allocation of unpaid care and domestic labour and public office discrimination are major
obstacles. Climate change, natural and war catastrophes and migration continue to harm women
and children disproportionately.

Women's equal rights are essential in land and property, sexual and reproductive health,
technological access and the internet. More women are in public office now than ever, but
encouraging women leaders will contribute to greater equality between women and men.

6.Clean Water and Sanitation:

More than 40% of the population complains about a scarcity of water. And an alarming and risky
figure is expected to rise as temperatures are increasing. Each continent has been witnessing a
deterioration in water resources, while 2. 1 billion people have improved their water hygiene
since 1990.

Water stress is becoming more prevalent in more countries, and rising drought and
desertification exacerbate the problem. It is predicted that by 2050, at least one in every four
people will face recurring water shortages.

We have to invest in appropriate infrastructure, sanitation and hygiene promotion to provide safe
and cheap drinking water for all by 2030. Water-related ecosystems must be safeguarded and
restored.

Across the world, safe drinking water is provided, and affordable drinking water is available.
More than 800 million people have no access to vital services, and over two billion people have
access to this service and safety. In 2015 there was a shortage of safe sanitation services for 4.5
billion people. Moreover, even basic sanitation was not ensured for 2.3 billion.

7.Affordable and Clean Energy:

The number of electrical users rose from 78 percent to 90 percent between 2000 and 2018, while
persons without power fell to 789 million.

However, as the population expands, there will be significant changes in our environment. The
demand for cheap energy also grows. Also, an economy dependent on fossil fuels is causing
considerable changes in our climate and environment.

SDG 7 needs to be achieved by 2030 to invest in solar, wind and thermal power, increase energy
efficiency, and guarantee energy for the world.

The prosperity of all states will be ensured by offering cleaner, better energy, the expansion of
infrastructure and modernization technologies. It will also help the environment.

8.Decent Work and Economic Growth:

Despite the long term consequences of the economic crisis of 2008 and the global recession, the
total number of employees suffering from extreme poverty has declined substantially over the
previous 25 years. In developing and emerging countries, middle-class people currently account
for more than 34% of total jobs, almost quadrupled between 1991 and 2015.

However, while the world economy continues to develop, growth is slower, disparities have
increased, and employment is lacking to meet the requirements of expanding labour forces. In
2015, more than 204 million people were unemployed, according to the International Labour
Organization.

Long-term economic development, efficiency growth and technological advancement are

encouraged by the Substantial Development Goals. It is vital to motivate business and create new
jobs, including comprehensive actions to abolish forced labour, slavery, and human trafficking.
This connection intends to achieve full, productive employment and stable employment for all
women and men by 2030.
9.Industry , Innovation, And Infrastructure:

One of the crucial drivers of economic growth and development is an investment in

infrastructure and innovation. Mass transport, renewable energy, and the growth of new
industries and information technology are becoming increasingly significant with more than half
of the world's population currently living in urban centres . Long-term solutions to economic and
environmental concerns, such as creating new jobs and increasing energy efficiency, require
technological innovation. Investing in scientific research and innovation, as well as promoting
sustainable industries, are all key methods to support long-term development.

In the present world, there are still over 4 billion individuals in the globe who do not have access
to the internet, 90% of whom are from developing countries. To bridge the digital divide , it is
essential to provide equal access to information and knowledge while simultaneously fostering
innovation and entrepreneurship.

10.Reduced Inequalities:

Income inequality is increasing in the present world . At present, in this world of inequalities, the
richest 10% earn up to 40% of global income, while the poorest 10% earn only 2% to 7%. When
we consider population growth in developing countries, income inequality in those countries has
increased by 11%.In recent decades income inequality has increased almost everywhere but not
at the same pace. This income inequality is lowest in Europe and highest in the Middle East.

These widening gaps and inequalities in income necessitate sound policies that empower low-
wage individuals and promote economic inclusion for all people, regardless of gender, color, or
ethnicity.
Inequality in income needs global solutions. This will involve the improvement of financial
market regulation and monitoring by encouraging development aid and foreign direct investment
in regions where there is a greater need for them. Enabling secure migration and human mobility
is also crucial in bridging the widening gap.

11.Sustainable cities and communities:

Cities are home to more than half of us. By 2050, two-thirds of the world's population (6.5
billion people) will be urban people. Without fundamentally modifying the way we plan and
manage urban environments, we will not be able to achieve sustainable development.
The cities are growing rapidly due to rising populations and migration. Slums are becoming a
more significant aspect of urban life as cities grow. This growth has resulted in a surge in
megacities, particularly in the developing world, and slums are becoming a more prominent
feature of urban life.
Creating job and business possibilities, providing secure and affordable housing, and building
resilient communities and economies are all part of making cities more sustainable.

12.Responsible Consumption and Production:

To achieve economic growth and long-term development, we must drastically minimize our
environmental footprint by altering how we produce and consume commodities and resources.
Agriculture is the world's largest water user, with irrigation accounting for about 70% of all
freshwater available for human use.
To reach this goal, we must manage our common natural resources efficiently, as well as dispose
of toxic waste and pollutants in a responsible manner. It is vital to encourage companies,
businesses, and consumers to recycle and decrease waste, as well as to assist emerging nations in
transitioning to more sustainable consumption practices by 2030.
Even now, a large segment of the global population eats insufficiently to meet their fundamental
needs. Reduced global food waste per capita at the retailer and consumer levels is also necessary
for more efficient production and supply chains. This could improve food security and lead to a
more resource-efficient economy.
13.Climate Action:

There isn't a country on the planet that hasn't been affected by climate change. Emissions of
greenhouse gases are now more than 50% higher than they were in 1990. Our climate system is
undergoing long-term changes as a result of global warming, which could have permanent
repercussions if we do nothing.
Climate-related calamities cause annual economic damages in the hundreds of billions of dollars.
This is not to include the human toll of geophysical catastrophes, which are 91 percent caused by
climate change and which killed 1.3 million people and injured 4.4 billion people between 1998
and 2017.The goal is to raise $100 billion per year by 2020 to assist and support developing
countries in coping with climate change while simultaneously investing in low-carbon
development.
Supporting vulnerable regions will have a direct impact on climate action as well as the other
substantial development goals. These steps must be taken in tandem with attempts to include
catastrophe risk reduction, sustainable natural resource management, and human security into
national development plansThese actions must be performed in conjunction with efforts to
include disaster risk reduction, sustainable natural resource management, and human security
into national development plans. With strong political will, more investment, and cutting-edge
technologies, it is still possible to limit global mean temperature rise to two degrees Celsius
above pre-industrial levels, aiming for 1.5°C. But this would require urgent and significant
collective action.

14.Life Below Water:

The temperature, chemistry, currents, and life of the world's seas drive global processes that keep
the Earth habitable for humans. The way we manage this valuable resource is critical for
mankind as a whole, as well as for mitigating climate change's effects.
Moreover, the livelihoods of almost three billion people are dependent on marine and coastal
biodiversity. 30% of the world's fish populations are now driven to extinction and destroyed,
with yields that fall below what they can sustain.
About 30 percent of the humanly created carbon dioxide is also absorbed by the ocean and since
the beginning of the Industrial Revolution ocean acidity has increased 26 percent. The vast
proportion of marine contamination occurs on land, with an average of 13,000 plastic waste per
square kilometer of sea.
The aim of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is to manage and preserve marine and
coastal ecosystems from pollution while also resolving ocean acidification's consequences.
Improving ocean-based resource preservation, conservation, and long-term usage through
international legislation can also help to relieve some of the issues that our oceans are facing.
15. Life Below Land:
Our subsistence and livelihoods are as much reliant on the earth as they are on the ocean. Plant
life accounts for 80% of our diet, and agriculture is a vital economic resource for us.About 30%
of the Earth's surface is covered by forests Moreover, forests also offer critical habitat for
millions of species, are significant providers of clean air and water, and are significant in the
battle against climate change.
Every year, 13 million hectares of forest are destroyed, while the continued deterioration of
drylands has resulted in the desertification of 3.6 billion hectares, harming poor populations
disproportionately.Biodiversity is still in jeopardy, even though 15% of the land is protected.
Almost 7,000 animal and plant species have been unlawfully exported and illegally traded.
Wildlife trafficking not only weakens biodiversity, but it also leads to instability, promotes war,
and encourages corruption.
To enhance global food and water security, as well as mitigation and adaptation to climate
change, and also peace and security , there is an essential need to take immediate action to
minimize the loss of our shared heritage of natural ecosystems and biodiversity.
16. Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions:
Without peace, stability, human rights, and good governance based on the rule of law, we cannot
hope for long-term progress. Nonetheless, our world is becoming increasingly divided. While
some regions experience peace, security, and prosperity, others seem to be trapped in a never-
ending cycle of strife and violence. This isn't unavoidable, and it has to be resolved.
Armed violence and insecurity have a detrimental effect on the development of a country,
hindering economic progress and often leading to long-term dissatisfaction. Sexual assault,
crime, exploitation and torture are all frequent when there is a dispute or conflict or no rule of
law . States must take measures to protect those who are most vulnerable.
The objectives and targets of the Sustainable Development Objectives (SDGs) are to eliminate
all types of violence dramatically and successfully and work closest to conflict and insecurity
with governments and communities. It is a crucial component of this process that we improve
and enforce rule of law and human rights as well as reducing illegal weapons flows and boosting
the involvement of developing nations in global governance organisations.
17.Partnership for the Goals:
Strong global alliances and cooperation are required to achieve the SDGs. In 2017, Official
Development Assistance remained stable but fell below the target of US$147 billion.
Humanitarian crises resulting from conflict or natural catastrophes continue to necessitate
increased financial resources and assistance. In order to promote growth and trade, many
countries require Official Development Assistance.
The world is more interconnected than it has ever been. Improving access to technology and
knowledge is a crucial step toward fostering creativity and sharing ideas. For long-term growth
and development, it's critical to coordinate policies that help emerging countries manage their
debt while still encouraging investment in the least developed.
The objectives are to improve North-South and South-South collaboration by assisting national
programs to meet all of the objectives. Promoting international trade and aiding impoverished
nations to boost exports are all vital parts of establishing a global, regulatory, and fair trade
system for everybody.

Sustainable development in today’s word:

The UN has multiple organizations to research and development. They mine to implement
theories all over the planet for a sustainable world. But most of their orgs feel the crisis of funds
where many world leaders seek opportunities to grow their self economy. We can see from the
recent Corona pandemic where WHO, a subsidiary body of the UN had to urge world leaders for
funding.
Some people see sustainable development as a threat to their historical brain manipulation theory
not as a long term action for a better future. Recent events of the Indian government to their
border shared countries show how they maintain peace and economical exchange programs.
Even democratic countries keep silent when development comes globally.

But there are flavours of sustainable development in many democratic many countries. They are
utilizing manpower, resources and economy in a very effective way. Like the USA, Canada,
China, India, etc. they are becoming more self dependent. Growing educationally and
economically. Things will happen in the long run.

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are a new agenda for global
development.

The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) were adopted by the UN General Assembly in
2000 before the Sustainable Development Goals. Bangladesh's success in achieving the MDGs
that ended in 2015 is quite significant. The areas in which Bangladesh has succeeded in MDGs
are poverty alleviation, health, education and gender equality. Successful implementation of the
SDGs is needed to sustain this success. Because the 16 goals of the SDGs from 2017 to 2030 are:
poverty eradication, food security, nutritional development, healthy achievement, quality
education opportunities, universal empowerment of women, safe water and sanitation, and the
proper use of marine resources to address the effects of climate change. To do. Bangladesh has
already started activities to implement the SDG targets. SDG's goals include internal
development as well as programs to bring stability to global partnerships. From reducing the loss
of biodiversity to building a peaceful and participatory society or ensuring justice for all,
building effective, accountable and participatory institutions at all levels will be major challenges
in achieving the SDG targets. Bangladesh will surely succeed if it can take the initiative to
implement the SDGs by coordinating with the public and private sectors and coordinating the
development plan and the three five-year plans to be implemented by 2030.
Sustainable development in Mexico

There are many initiatives facing the challenge of sustainable development in Mexico today, and
some examples are green buildings, ventilation and forest protection. Ecological constructions
include the development of community afforestation agencies for local development, cooperation
in forest and conservation work, and the creation of community resources.

Conclusion

Recent studies have shown that the key to achieving SDGs is community-driven development by
prioritizing women, especially where the aspirations and needs of a large number of young
people have not yet been met. There is a danger of getting involved in extremism. Now we have
an important question in front of us, in the current context of Bangladesh in which way the best
development is possible?It is clear that the civil society and organizations in Bangladesh have
sufficient capacity and strength to make significant contribution to local development through
community-driven development by joining hands with every Union Parishad in the country. We
think that in this way all the development partners are involved with the local government Can
work, which will pave the way for achieving SDGs.
Reference

1.Adams, Barbara, and others, eds. (2016). Spotlight on Sustainable Development 2016: Report of the Reflection
Group on the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Social Watch and others. Available from https://
www.2030spotlight.org/sites/default/files/contentpix/spotlight/pdfs/Agenda-2030_engl_160713_WEB.pdf.

2.Sustainable Development. (n.d.). Sustainable Development. Retrieved August 10, 2021, from

https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/21252030%20Agenda%20for

%20Sustainable%20Development%20web.pdf

3.Thpbd.org. 2021. The hunger Project. [online] Available at: <https://thpbd.org/wp-

content/uploads/2019/02/THP-BD-Stategy.pdf> [Accessed 10 August 2021].

4. Bbs.portal.gov.bd. 2021. BD OFFICIAL. [online] Available at:

<http://bbs.portal.gov.bd/sites/default/files/files/bbs.portal.gov.bd/page/3acbc97e_6ba3_467b_b
db2_cfb3cbbf059f/SDGs%20Bangla%20Book_Final.pdf> [Accessed 10 August 2021].

5. ittefaq. 2021. ‘টেকসই উন্নয়ন লক্ষ্যমাত্রা ও প্রতিবন্ধিতা’ শীর্ষক সেমিনার. [online] Available at:
<https://www.ittefaq.com.bd/capital/100099/