Chapter VII.

Sustainable Development
Lesson 1 Sustainable Development Goals
Lesson 2 Global Food Security
a. Factors influencing Global Food Security

Learning Objectives:
At the end of the chapter, you should be able to:
1.1Describe sustainable development
1.2 Examine the concept model of Global Food Security

Sustainable Development
.
Sustainable development is best describe as the organizing principle for meeting human
development goals while simultaneously sustaining the ability of natural systems to provide
the natural resources and ecosystem services on which the economy and society depends. And
also , Sustainable Development is development that meets the needs of the present , without
compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. The said
development is driven by one particular need, without fully considering the wider or future
impacts. We are already seeing the damage of this kind of approach which can cause, from
large-scale financial crises caused by irresponsible banking, to changes in global climate
resulting from our dependence on fossil fuel-based energy sources. The longer we pursue
unsustainable development, the more frequent and severe its consequences are likely to
become, which is why we need to take action now.
We live within our environmental limits which one of the central principles of sustainable
development whereby one implication of not doing so is climate change. But the focus of
sustainable development is far broader than just the environment. It is also about ensuring a
strong, healthy and just society. This The meaning of sustainable development is to meet the
diverse needs of all people in existing and future communities, promoting personal wellbeing,
social cohesion and inclusion, and creating equal opportunity.

Furthermore, Sustainable development is about finding better ways of doing things, both for
the future and the present. We might need to change the way we work and live now, but this
doesn't mean our quality of life will be reduced.

Sustainable development provides an approach to making better decisions on the issues that
affect all of our lives. By incorporating health plans into the planning of new communities, for
instance, we can ensure that residents have easy access to healthcare and leisure facilities. (By
encouraging more sustainable food supply chains, we can ensure the UK has enough food for
the long-term future.)

You can open this link for further readings:

http://www.sd-commission.org.uk/pages/what-is-sustainable-development.html
 a. Sustainable Development Goals

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are a collection of 17 global goals designed to be a
"blueprint to achieve a better and more sustainable future for all". The SDGs, set in 2015 by
the United Nation General Assembly and intended to be achieved by the year 2030, are part of
UN Resolution 70/1, the 2030 Agenda.
The Sustainable Development Goals are:

1. No Poverty
2. Zero Hunger
3. Good Health and Well-being
4. Quality Education
5. Gender Equality
6. Clean Water and Sanitation
7. Affordable and Clean Energy
8. Decent Work and Economic Growth
9. Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure
10. Reducing Inequality
11. Sustainable Cities and Communities
12. Responsible Consumption and Production
13. Climate Action
14. Life Below Water
15. Life On Land
16. Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions
17. Partnerships for the Goals

The goals are broad based and interdependent. The 17 sustainable development goals each
has a list of targets which are measured with indicators. In an effort to make the SDGs
successful, data on the 17 goals has been made available in an easily-understood form.[6] A
variety of tools exist to track and visualize progress towards the goals.
Suggested link:
https://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/sustainable-development-goals.html
Chapter Quiz

QUIZ 1 :Lets Reflect:

A. Examine the pictures and make a description regarding the situation that could relate
to your understanding about sustainable development goals.

Please write your answer below.

_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
________________________________

B. Among the given Sustainable Goals , select at least 5 goals and explain each.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Global Food Security

Lesson 1 Factors influencing Global Food Security

Lesson 2 Challenges of Global Food Security

Learning Objectives:
At the end of the chapter, you should be able to:

Analyze the concept model of Global Food Security

The Global Food Security Index considers the core issues of affordability, availability and
quality across a set of 113 countries. The index is a dynamic quantitative and qualitative
benchmarking model constructed from 34 unique indicators, that measures these drivers of
food security across both developing and developed countries.
This index is the first to examine food security comprehensively across the three
internationally established dimensions . Moreover, the study looks beyond hunger to the
underlying factors affecting food security. The GFSI now includes an adjustment factor on
natural resources and resilience. This category assesses a country’s exposure to the impacts of
a changing climate; its susceptibility to natural resource risk’s and how the country is adapting
to these risks.

a. Factors influencing Global Food Security

Suggested online reference:

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22002569/
The concept of food insecurity is complex and goes beyond the simplistic idea of a country's
inability to feed its population. The global food situation is redefined by many driving forces
such as population growth, availability of arable lands, water resources, climate change and
food availability, accessibility and loss. The combined effect of these factors has undeniably
impacted global food production and security.

The key factors influencing global food insecurity and emphasizes the need to adapt science-
based technological innovations to address the issue. Although anticipated benefits of modern
technologies suggest a level of food production that will sustain the global population, both
political will and sufficient investments in modern agriculture are needed to alleviate the food
crisis in developing countries.

In this globalized era of the 21st century, many determinants of food security are trans-
boundary and require multilateral agreements and actions for an effective solution. Food
security and hunger alleviation on a global scale are within reach provided that technological
innovations are accepted and implemented at all levels.

Factors affecting food security and contribution of modern technologies in food sustainability

Suggested Readings:
Article in Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 91(15):2707-14 · December 2011 with 15,986
DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.4666 · Source: PubMed

b. Challenges of Global Food Security

Food security is both a complex and challenging issue to resolve as it cannot be characterized
or limited by geography nor defined by a single grouping, i.e., demography, education,
geographic location or income. Currently, approximately one billion people (16% of global
population) suffer from chronic hunger in a time when there is more than enough food to feed
everyone on the planet. Therein lies the Food security challenge to implement an ability to
deal with increasing food shortages, caused by a combination of waste and an ever expanding
world population. At current levels prediction state that we must increase global food
production by 70% on already over exploited finite infrastructures before 2050.

Global food security – Issues, challenges and technological solutions

Food security occurs when all people are able to access enough safe and nutritious food to
meet their requirements for a healthy life, in ways the planet can sustain into the future.
However, food security faces a number of challenges across both production and consumption
which research will be essential to solve.

Many countries are facing the double burden of hunger and undernutrition alongside
overweight and obesity, with one in three people across the globe currently suffering from
some form of malnutrition (ref 1). Indeed it is not unusual to find people with different forms of
malnutrition living side-by-side in one country, in one community, or even in the same
household.

The prevalence rates of overweight, obesity and diet-related non-communicable diseases

(NCDs) such as cardiovascular disease, stroke, certain cancers and type II diabetes (ref 2), are
increasing in every region, in both developed and developing countries. Globally there are now
more people who are overweight or obese than underweight, with the two combined
accounting for more than half of the world population: a new normal (ref 3). The estimated
cost to the world economy of disease and death from overweight and obesity is $2 trillion (ref
2).

The United Nations has set ending hunger, achieving food security and improved nutrition, and
promoting sustainable agriculture as the second of its 17 Sustainable Development Goals
(SDGs) for the year 2030.

In order to achieve these objectives we will need to address a host of issues, from gender
parity and ageing populations to skills development and global warming. Which the agriculture
sectors will have to become more productive by adopting efficient business models and
forging public-private partnerships. And they need to become sustainable by reducing
greenhouse gas emissions, water use and waste.

The risks if we fail? Malnutrition, hunger and even conflict.

These are the challenges to global food security

 Food price volatility

 Energy / Biofuels
 Population growth and demographic changes
 Land and water constraints
 Climate Change
 Conflicts

Suggested Link:

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0924224417305125
CHAPTER QUIZ: Quiz

Make a critical analysis regarding this situation using the different concepts that you have
learned from this chapter.
_______________________________________________________________________________
_
_______________________________________________________________________________
_

Quiz 2 Complete Sentences:

1.Food security occurs when all people are able to _____ enough safe and nutritious food to
meet their requirements for a healthy life.

2.The index is a dynamic quantitative and qualitative benchmarking model constructed from
34 unique indicators, that measures these _______ of food security across both developing and
developed countries.

3. The global food situation is redefined by many driving forces such as _________, availability
of arable lands, water resources, climate change and food availability, accessibility and loss.

4. Food security faces a number of challenges across both production and _______ which
research will be essential to solve.
5. These are the challenges to global food security such as _______ volatility, energy / biofuels
and population growth and demographic change.

Chapter VIII. Global Citizenship

Lesson 1. Global Citizenship

a. Ethical Obligations of Global Citizenship

Learning Objectives:

At the end of the chapter, you should be able to:

1.1 Relate personal definition of global citizenship

1.2 Discuss the ethical obligations of global citizenship

What is Global Citizenship ?

Global citizenship can be defined as a moral and ethical disposition that can guide the
understanding of individuals or groups of local and global contexts and remind them of their
relative responsibilities within various communities. Global citizens are the glue which binds
local communities together in an increasingly globalized world.

a.Ethical Obligations of Global Citizenship

In Oxfam (2014) he defined global citizen as someone who :

 Is aware of the wider world and has a sense of their own role as a world citizen
 Respects and values diversity
 Has an understanding of how the world works economically, politically, socially,
culturally, technologically and environmentally
 Is outraged by social injustice
 Participates in and and contributes to the community at a range of levels from local to
global
 Is willing to act to make the world a more sustainable place
 Takes responsibility for their actions
Global Citizenship

Many of newly emerging global citizens are actively engaged in global efforts – whether in
business ventures, environmentalism, concern for nuclear weapons, health or immigration
problems. Rather than citizenship, being the result of rights and obligations granted by a
central authority, the lack of such authority gives primacy to the global citizens themselves:
not a top-down but a down-up scenario.
While various types of global citizens exist, a common thread to their emergence is their base
in grassroots activism. We may identify different types of global citizens, yet many of these
categories are best summarized by their emergence despite a lack of any global governing
body. It is as if they have spontaneously erupted of their own volition. Carter, 2001

Are you a global citizen? (adapted Teachunicef .org)

You must:
1. Understand we were born of this world
2.Protect our country, the world, when called upon to do so.
3.Stand up and defend against the injustice we see
4.Understand the interconnectedness
5.Respect and value diversity
6.Take action in meaningful ways.

To be effective Global Citizens, young people need to be flexible, creative and proactive. They
need to be able to solve problems, make decisions, think critically, communicate ideas
effectively and work well within teams and groups. These skills and attributes are increasingly
recognized as being essential to succeed in other areas of 21st century life too, including many
workplaces. These skills and qualities cannot be developed without the use of active learning
methods through which pupils learn by doing and by collaborating with others.

Why is Global Citizenship education needed?

With the interconnected and interdependent nature of our world, the global is not ‘out there’;
it is part of our everyday lives, as we are linked to others on every continent:

 socially and culturally through the media and telecommunications, and through
travel and migration
 economically through trade
 environmentally through sharing one planet
 politically through international relations and systems of regulation.

The opportunities our fast-changing ‘globalized’ world offers young people are enormous. But
so too are the challenges. Young people are entitled to an education that equips them with the
knowledge, skills and values they need in order to embrace the opportunities and challenges
they encounter, and to create the kind of world that they want to live in. An education that
supports their development as Global Citizens.

Moreover, it is the idea that one identity transcends geography or political borders and that
responsibilities or rights are derived from membership in broader class called “humanity”. And
someone who feels like they are part of an emerging world community and someone who
works to contribute to this society’s values and beliefs. Which a citizens view the world as a
whole , value diversity and understand global issues.

Suggested Link:

https://www.globalcitizen.org/en/
https://www.reference.com/world-view/global-citizen-3cefa727418de409

CHAPTER QUIZ:

QUIZ 1 Write T if the statement is true and F if the statement is false.

____________ 1.Global citizens are the glue which binds local communities together in an increasingly
globalized world.

____________ 2.Participates in and contributes to the community at a range of levels from local to
global.

____________3.As an effective Global Citizens, young people need to be flexible, creative and
active.

____________ 4. Global is ‘out there’; it is part of our everyday lives, as we are linked to others
on every continent.

_____________5. Global Citizen is the idea that one identity transcends geography or political
borders.
QUIZ 2 (Essay) Explain concisely .

1. How do you describe yourself as a Global citizen?

2. In your own view, What values can the global citizen can share to the community in
general?
3. As a Filipino? Can you describe yourself as a global citizen?

FINAL EXAMINATION will be given after the full compliance of the requirements .