CHAPTER VI

Sustainable World

Lesson 1: Sustainable Development

a. Stability vs Sustainability
b. Sustainable Development Goals

Intended Learning Outcomes

By the end of this topic/chapter, you must be able to:
1. Describe sustainable development and differentiate stability and sustainability
2. Determine each sustainable development goals and its impact

Lesson 1: Sustainable Development

Sustainable development is best describe as the organizing
principle for meeting human development goals while
simultaneously sustaining the ability of natural systems to
provide the natural resources and ecosystem services on
which the economy and society depends. And also ,
Sustainable Development is development that meets the
needs of the present , without compromising the ability of
future generations to meet their own needs. The said
development is driven by one particular need, without fully
considering the wider or future impacts. We are already
seeing the damage of this kind of approach which can cause, from large-scale financial
crises caused by irresponsible banking, to changes in global climate resulting from our
dependence on fossil fuel-based energy sources. The longer we pursue unsustainable
development, the more frequent and severe its consequences are likely to become, which
is why we need to take action now.
We live within our environmental limits which one of the central principles of sustainable
development whereby one implication of not doing so is climate change. But the focus of
sustainable development is far broader than just the environment. It is also about ensuring
a strong, healthy and just society. This The meaning of sustainable development is to
meet the diverse needs of all people in existing and future communities, promoting
personal wellbeing, social cohesion and inclusion, and creating equal opportunity.

Furthermore, Sustainable development is about finding better ways of doing things, both
for the future and the present. We might need to change the way we work and live now,
but this doesn't mean our quality of life will be reduced.

Sustainable development provides an approach to making better decisions on the issues

that affect all of our lives. By incorporating health plans into the planning of new
communities, for instance, we can ensure that residents have easy access to healthcare
and leisure facilities. (By encouraging more sustainable food supply chains, we can
ensure the UK has enough food for the long-term future.)

A. Stability vs Sustainability
Re-establishing the equilibrium among humanity, nature, societies and
spirituality was a prevailing theme and a great deal of contemporary attention while much
of this is specifically directed to environmental matters and human resource sustainability.

Sustainability is a comprehensive approach to management of the organizations which is

focused on creating and maximizing long-term economic, social, and environmental
value. It is the capacity to endure in a relatively ongoing way across various domains of
life. It is the process of people maintaining change in a homeostasis-balanced
environment, in which the exploitation of resources, the direction of investments, the
orientation of technological development, and institutional change are all in harmony and
enhance both current and future potential to meet human needs and aspirations.
Sustainability is also defined through the following interconnected domains or pillars:
environmental, economic, and social which is according to Capra, F., is based on the
principles of systems thinking.

Meanwhile, stability generally means the ability of the system to keep it in the given
parameters. The stability of the enterprise is a dynamic, complex, multifaceted category
which include such aspects: industrial technological, social, environmental, and
marketing. There are four approaches to the concept of economic stability: first, involves
the use of term “Steady state” which reflects the dynamic equilibrium of the economic
system; second, identifies economic stability of businesses with its financial position
(financial stability); third, use as a basis the concept of sustainable economic growth,
which characterizes the dynamic equilibrium of the economic system; and fourth, provides
review of the problem of stability under the provisions of the concept of “sustainable
development” or “sustainability”.

B. Sustainable Development Goals

The Sustainable Development Goals are a call for action by all countries – poor, rich and
middle-income – to promote prosperity while protecting the planet. They recognize that
ending poverty must go hand -in-hand with strategies that build economic growth and
address a range of social needs including education, health, social protection, and job
opportunities, while tackling climate change and environmental protection. More
important than ever, the goals provide critical framework for COVID-19 recovery.

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are a collection of 17 global goals designed
to be a "blueprint to achieve a better and more sustainable future for all". The SDGs, set
in 2015 by the United Nation General Assembly and intended to be achieved by the year
2030, are part of UN Resolution 70/1, the 2030 Agenda.
The Sustainable Development Goals are:

1. No Poverty
2. Zero Hunger
3. Good Health and Well-being
4. Quality Education
5. Gender Equality
6. Clean Water and Sanitation
7. Affordable and Clean Energy
8. Decent Work and Economic Growth
9. Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure
10.Reducing Inequality
11.Sustainable Cities and Communities
12.Responsible Consumption and
Production
13.Climate Action 1
14.Life Below Water
15.Life On Land
16.Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions
17. Partnerships for the Goals

The goals are broad based and interdependent. The objective was to produce a set of
universal goals that meet the urgent environmental, political, and economic challenges
facing our world. The 17 sustainable development goals each has a list of targets which
are measured with indicators. In an effort to make the SDGs successful, data on the 17
goals has been made available in an easily-understood form. A variety of tools exist to
track and visualize progress towards the goals. Achieving the SDGs requires the
partnership of governments, private sector, civil society and citizens alike to make sure
we leave a better planet for future generations.

Lesson 2: Global Food Security

a. Model of Global Food Security
b. Factors Influencing Global Food Security
c. Challenges of Global Food Security

Intended Learning Outcomes

By the end of this topic/chapter, you must be able to:
1. Analyze the concept model of Global Food Security
2. Identify the causes of global food insecurity
3. Determine the challenges of Global Food Security with its solutions
 Lesson 2: Global Food Security

The Global Food Security Index considers the core issues of affordability, availability and
quality across a set of 113 countries. The index is a dynamic quantitative and qualitative
benchmarking model constructed from 34 unique indicators, that measures these drivers
of food security across both developing and developed countries. This index is the first to
examine food security comprehensively across the three internationally established
dimensions . Moreover, the study looks beyond hunger to the underlying factors affecting
food security. The GFSI now includes an adjustment factor on natural resources and
resilience. This category assesses a country’s exposure to the impacts of a changing
climate; its susceptibility to natural resource risk’s and how the country is adapting to
these risks.

A. Model of Global Food Security

B.

Factors Influencing Global Food Security

Food security is defined as physical and economic access to sufficient food to meet the
dietary requirements for a productive, healthy life. The World Food Summit of 1996
proposed that food security involves food availability, food access, and food utilization,
and that all of these factors are interrelated. On other hand, food insecurity is defined as
inadequate physical, social, or economic access to food. Achieving food security, one of
the vital Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs; SDG-2), along with adequate nutrition,
is a basic necessity since an undernourished or hungry population hampers economic
productivity. Undernutrition has a profound effect on growth, development of acute and
chronic diseases, survival, and economic productivity .

Global data suggested that >800 million people around the world were considered food
insecure in 2012–2014. Asians, sub-Saharan Africans, and the Pacific Islanders
constitute the majority of the world's population, with 30% of the food-insecure population
(276 million) living in South East Asia. Multiple factors are responsible for food insecurity
worldwide, including population growth, climate change, increasing cost of food,
unemployment, poverty, and loss of biodiversity (Khanam, et al., 2020)

The concept of food insecurity is complex and goes beyond the simplistic idea of a
country's inability to feed its population. The global food situation is redefined by many
driving forces such as population growth, availability of arable lands, water resources,
climate change and food availability, accessibility and loss. The combined effect of these
factors has undeniably impacted global food production and security.

In this globalized era of the 21st century, many determinants of food security are
transboundary and require multilateral agreements and actions for an effective solution.
Food security and hunger alleviation on a global scale are within reach provided that
technological innovations are accepted and implemented at all levels (Premanandh,
2011).

C. Challenges of Global Food Security

Food security is both a complex and challenging issue to resolve as it cannot be

characterized or limited by geography nor defined by a single grouping, i.e., demography,
education, geographic location or income. Currently, approximately one billion people
(16% of global population) suffer from chronic hunger in a time when there is more than
enough food to feed everyone on the planet. Therein lies the Food security challenge to
implement an ability to deal with increasing food shortages, caused by a combination of
waste and an ever expanding world population. At current levels prediction state that we
must increase global food production by 70% on already over exploited finite
infrastructures before 2050.

Global food security - Issues, challenges & technological solutions

Food security occurs when all people are able to access enough safe and nutritious food
to meet their requirements for a healthy life, in ways the planet can sustain into the future.
However, food security faces a number of challenges across both production and
consumption which research will be essential to solve.

Many countries are facing the double burden of hunger and undernutrition alongside
overweight and obesity, with one in three people across the globe currently suffering from
some form of malnutrition. Indeed it is not unusual to find people with different forms of
malnutrition living side-by-side in one country, in one community, or even in the same
household.

The United Nations has set ending hunger, achieving food security and improved
nutrition, and promoting sustainable agriculture as the second of its 17 Sustainable
Development Goals (SDGs) for the year 2030. In order to achieve these objectives we
will need to address a host of issues, from gender parity and ageing populations to skills
development and global warming. Which the agriculture sectors will have to become more
productive by adopting efficient business models and forging public-private partnerships
and must be sustainable by reducing greenhouse gas emissions, water use and waste.

These are the challenges to global food security

• Food price volatility
• Energy / Biofuels
• Population growth and demographic changes
• Land and water constraints
• Climate Change
• Conflicts

Lesson 3: Global Citizenship

a. Ethical Obligations of Global Citizenship

Intended Learning Outcomes

By the end of this topic/chapter, you must be able to:
1. Relate with your personal definition of global citizenship
2. Discuss the ethical obligations of global citizenship and how it works in
globalization
 Lesson 3: Global Citizenship
Global citizenship can be defined as a moral and ethical
disposition that can guide the understanding of
individuals or groups of local and global contexts and
remind them of their relative responsibilities within
various communities. Global citizens are the glue which
binds local communities together in an increasingly
globalized world.
Many of newly emerging global citizens are actively
engaged in global efforts – whether in business ventures, environmentalism, concern for
nuclear weapons, health or immigration problems. Rather than citizenship, being the
result of rights and obligations granted by a central authority, the lack of such authority
gives primacy to the global citizens themselves: not a top-down but a down-up scenario.
While various types of global citizens exist, a common thread to their emergence is their
base in grassroots activism. We may identify different types of global citizens, yet many
of these categories are best summarized by their emergence despite a lack of any global
governing body. It is as if they have spontaneously erupted of their own volition (Carter,
2001).

To be effective Global Citizens, young people need to be flexible, creative and proactive.
They need to be able to solve problems, make decisions, think critically, communicate
ideas effectively and work well within teams and groups. These skills and attributes are
increasingly recognized as being essential to succeed in other areas of 21st century life
too, including many workplaces. These skills and qualities cannot be developed without
the use of active learning methods through which pupils learn by doing and by
collaborating with others

Are you a global citizen? (adapted Teachunicef .org) You must:

1. Understand we were born of this world

2. Protect our country, the world, when called upon to do so.
3. Stand up and defend against the injustice we see
4. Understand the interconnectedness
5. Respect and value diversity
6. Take action in meaningful ways.
A. Ethical Obligations of Global Citizenship
Ethics of global citizenship are the principles including respecting others, obeying rules
and laws, and setting a good example to others. Global citizens feel a sense of
responsibility to help others no matter where in the world they live which help citizens
overcome social problems, building rapport with one another, maintaining peace and
stability and realizing justice and equality among people from different cultures. For
Oxfam, he defined global citizen as someone who :

• Is aware of the wider world and has a

sense of their own role as a world citizen
• Respects and values diversity
• Has an understanding of how the world
works economically, politically, socially,
culturally, technologically and
environmentally
• Is outraged by social injustice
• Participates in and contributes to the community at a range of levels from local to
global
• Is willing to act to make the world a more sustainable place
• Takes responsibility for their actions

Why is Global Citizenship education needed?

With the interconnected and interdependent nature of our world, the global is not ‘out
there’; it is part of our everyday lives, as we are linked to others on every continent:

• socially and culturally through the media and telecommunications, and through
travel and migration
• economically through trade
• environmentally through sharing one planet
• politically through international relations and systems of regulation.

The opportunities our fast-changing ‘globalized’ world offers young people are enormous.
But so too are the challenges. Young people are entitled to an education that equips them
with the knowledge, skills and values they need in order to embrace the opportunities and
challenges they encounter, and to create the kind of world that they want to live in. An
education that supports their development as Global Citizens.

Moreover, it is the idea that one identity transcends geography or political borders and
that responsibilities or rights are derived from membership in broader class called
“humanity”. And someone who feels like they are part of an emerging world community
and someone who works to contribute to this society’s values and beliefs. Which a citizens
view the world as a whole , value diversity and understand global issues.