Salvador, Shawn B.

Ion, any atom or group of atoms that bears one or more positive or negative electrical charges.
Positively charged ions are called cations; negatively charged ions, anions.

When a stable atom gains or loses an electron, it becomes an ion.

The Roman numeral denotes the charge and the

oxidation state of the transition metal ion.

-3 Anion
N Non-metal
+3
Fe Metal Cation

+2
Sn Metal Cation
-1
Anion
F Non-metal
+1 Metal
Cs Cation

-1 Non-metal Anion
I
-3 Anion
P Non-metal

Cu +1 Metal Cation

Li +1 Metal Cation

Al +3 Metal Cation

S -2 Non-metal Anion

+4
Mn Metal Cation

Cl -1 Non-metal Anion

-2 Non-metal Anion
O
 Salvador, Shawn B.

Valance electrons are the outermost electron shell of an atom in the highhest energy level. It is important
because it guides us to determine chemical properties

the number of valence electron is the same as the periodic group number, and the
number needed to match the next noble-gas configuration is 8 minus the group number.
6

Lewis Dot

• Ca •
••
•O•
•

Metals
Non-metals

loses positive
gains negative

19 19 20 1 lost 1 Cation

Sulfur 16 32 gained Cation

6 2

Copper 29 64 lost 2 Cation

2
81 2 lost Cation
Thallium 81 2
13 13 14 3 lost Cation
3

Lead 82 124 4 lost 4 Cation

 26

17

19
9 F 9 10

+1
19 18 18
19
14 -3
Nitride ion
7 N 10

64 +2
29
Cu 29 27
2+

108 +1
47
Silverion 47 46

16
Oxide ion
8
O 8

57 +2
Fe 57 55 2+
26
 Salvador, Shawn B.

Lithium sulfide Calcium bromide

Potassium fluoride Nickel(II) cyanide
Magnesium nitride Aluminium nitrate
Calcium hydroxide Tin(II) hydroxide
Barium nitrate Mercury(II) iodide
Copper (II) chloride Iron(III) sulfate
Lead(II) oxide Calcium acetate
Zinc(II) fluoride Titanium(III) chloride
Sodium acetate Potassium chlorate
Strontium carbonate Zinc carbonate
Chromium sulfate Sodium bicarbonate
Sodium phospate Cobalt bisulfate