OBJECTIVES:

At the end of the lesson, the students will be able to:

1. identify the different structures of the respiratory system that work together to transport
oxygen-rich blood and nutrients to the different parts of the body;
2. explain the process of breathing in oxygen and breathing out carbon
dioxide; and
3. acknowledge the importance of a functional respiratory system for a
healthy human body.

LEARNING COMPETENCY

Explain how the respiratory and circulatory systems work together to transport nutrients,
gases, and other molecules to and from the different parts of the body.
S9LT-Ia-b-26

3
 I.WHAT HAPPENED

PRE-ACTIVITIES:

A. Labelling of Parts

Let’s have a recall of your past lessons in Biology. Label the parts of the Human
Respiratory System. Choose the correct label among the parts listed inside the box. Write
your answers on a sheet of paper.

https://www.slideshare.net/mae2388/science-grade-9-lm

nasal cavity bronchi

trachea nose bronchioles alveoli

1. 5.

2. 6.

3.

4.
 Good job! You’re doing great! You have such a good memory. Would you like to continue? Now, let’s

B. Fill-in-the Box

Complete the following statements below using the terms from the choices
given above.

1. are air sacs that allow gas exchange

in the lungs.
.
2. The empty tube that serves as passageway of air into the lungs is
the

3. are the two branching tubes that

connect the trachea to the lungs.

3. The hair-like tubes that connect to the alveoli are called

5. The organ into which air enters and is being filtered is the
 Now that you have finished travelling back to memory lane, you can now journey to th

II. WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW

and feel the soft air passing from your nose. Listen to the quiet sounds of breathing in and out. Imagine the air moving from yo
 DISCUSSION

The Human Respiratory System

A. Parts and Functions

Respiratory system is made up of the organs in your body that help you to
breathe. Just remember that the word respiration is linked to breathing. The parts
of the respiratory system shown in Figure 2 below, that are in charge of supplying
oxygen are the nose, nasal passageways, trachea, and diaphragm. In the nose and
nasal passages, the entering air is made warm, damp, and clean of unknown
particles. Next, the air moves down through the trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and
alveoli. Trachea or also known as the windpipe is the empty tube that serves as
passageway of air into the lungs. Bronchi are the two branching tubes that connect
the trachea to the lungs. Bronchioles are the hair-like tubes that connect to the
alveoli. Alveoli are the air sacs that allow gas exchange in the lungs.

https://www.slideshare.net/andreaamorgandiaureta/grade-9-module
 The structure of the respiratory system is analogous to the branching
structure of a bunch of grapes which is shown in the illustration below.

https://www.slideshare.net/mae2388/science-grade-9-lm

The main stem is likened to the trachea which branched into two large stems
analogous to the bronchi which eventually branched into smaller stems like that of
the bronchioles where the individual grapes are attached. The individual grapes or
the actual fruits are analogous to the alveoli or air sacs. This simply describes how
your pair of lungs are structured in order for you to acquire the necessary oxygen
needed by the body in order to survive.
B. The Breathing Process

Since you have already learned about the essential parts of the respiratory
system and their functions, you are now going to understand the mechanisms of the
breathing process and the important role of the diaphragm.

The diaphragm is the thin abdominal muscle

that contracts and relaxes to help the air go
in and out of the lungs.

ya-webdesign.com/image/lungs-clipart-diaphragm/116443.html
 Before the start of the discussion, you are asked to breathe in (inhale) and
breathe out (exhale). Try to repeat the process and feel the movement of your
stomach while inhaling and exhaling. Your diaphragm is responsible for such
movement.

Have you experienced being in a jam-packed train? You almost certainly

could not wait to get out where there are fewer people so you could freely move.
This is analogous to the process that makes air move in and out of your lungs. The
air molecules are either crowded outside and tend to get into the lungs where there
are fewer air molecules (inhalation), or they tend to get outside because they are
too crowded inside the lungs (exhalation).

https://www.ck12.org/book/cbse_biology_book_class_xi/section/18.3/

When you breathe in, your diaphragm muscle contracts downward and the
rib muscles pull upward causing air to fill up the lungs. Can you explain why?
Well, when your diaphragm goes lower and ribs shift up, they provide more
breathing space in your chest. This also reduces the force on your lungs so the air
will move in from the outside. Breathing out is a reverse process. Your diaphragm
loosens up and the ribs and lungs thrust in, causing the gas to be exhaled. When
you breathe in, or inhale, the diaphragm muscle contracts. Inhaling moves the
diaphragm down and expands the chest cavity.
 Simultaneously, the ribs move up and increase the size of the chest cavity.
There is now more space and less air pressure inside the lungs. Air pushes in from
the outside where there is a higher air pressure. It pushes into the lungs where there
is a lower air pressure. When you breathe out, or exhale, the diaphragm muscle
relaxes. The diaphragm and ribs return to their original place. The chest cavity
returns to its original size. There is now less space and greater air pressure inside
the lungs. It pushes the air outside where there is lower air pressure.

The actual exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place between the
alveoli and the capillaries. Through the process of diffusion, oxygen passes
though the walls of the alveoli and then through the walls of the capillaries into the
blood. The hemoglobin in red blood cells picked up the oxygen and carries it to all
body cells. Oxygen is an important fuel for the cells to process the energy from the
food that you eat. Likewise, carbon dioxide coming from the body cells passes
through the walls of the capillaries and the walls of the alveoli through the process
of diffusion. When you breathe out or exhale, carbon dioxide then leaves your
body.

https://www.abpischools.org.uk/topic/breathingandasthma/4
 How does air move and in and out of your lungs? Stand up. Put your hands
on your waist. Ready? Breathe in. Hold your breath for 3 seconds and then breathe
out slowly. Do it again. This time hold your breath for 5 seconds. Repeat
breathing in and out 16 times, holding your breath longer each time. When you
breathe, air moves into and out of the lungs. You take in oxygen when you inhale
or breathe in and give off carbon dioxide when you exhale or breathe out.

When oxygen is already available in the lungs, it will now be the

responsibility of the circulatory system to distribute the oxygen to all parts of the
body and at the same time transport carbon dioxide from all parts of the body back
to the lungs to be exhaled outside the body.

It is the reason why both the respiratory system and circulatory system work
together in supplying oxygen to every part of the body.

e you end this session, you have to do the last part first. You have to prepare one whole sheet of paper as yo
 III.WHAT HAVE I LEARNED

EVALUATION/POST TEST:

A. Tracing the Pathway (Adapted from Project Ease)

Using the words below and following the arrows, complete the flow of
breathing (breathe in and breathe out). Write your answers on a sheet of
paper.
nasal cavity trachea bronchi bronchioles
nose alveoli

Breathe in Breathe Out

1 11

2
10

3
9

4 8

5
7

6
Exchange of Gases
B.Crossword Puzzle (Adapted from DepEd Commons)
Solve the puzzle by using the given phrases below. Choose your
answers the underlined words.

bronchi, bronchioles, trachea, nose, diaphragm, alveoli

Across
1. Also called as the windpipe.
3. Analogous to the small stems of grapes
6. Analogous to the two major branch of grapes. Down
2. Also called as the air sacs
4. Thin muscle that contracts and relaxes to help the air go in and out
of the lungs
5. The organ which starts the passage of the air.
III. Multiple Choice

Choose the letter of the correct answer and write it in your answer sheet.

1. What happens to the diaphragm when a person breaths in or inhales?

A. The diaphragm constricts allowing air to enter the lungs.
B. The diaphragm contracts allowing more air in the chest cavity.
C. The diaphragm expands allowing more air in the chest cavity.
D. The diaphragm bloats allowing air to enter the lungs.

2. Which of the following statements is NOT true about respiratory system?

A. Air enters through the nose, nasal passages and then
through the trachea.
B. At the end of the bronchioles are tiny bubble-like structures called
nephrons.
C. The major organ of the respiratory system is the pair of lungs.
D. The trachea divides into two bronchi which are subdivided into
bronchioles.

3. Which of the following describes the function of the alveoli?

A. It filters bacteria out of the air that enters the lung.
B. It moistens the air before it diffuses into the capillaries.
C. It provides a large surface area for gas exchange.
D. It separates oxygen from carbon dioxide in the air that enters the lungs.
4. How does singing from the diaphragm, instead the throat, help improve the
voice quality of a singer?
A. The diaphragm works with the voice box in improving the quality of
voice.
B. Singing from the diaphragm supports proper breathing and avoids
voice straining.
C. The diaphragm allows the singer to improve his diction.
D.Singing from the diaphragm allows oxygen to accumulate in the lungs.

5. Which of the following describes the role of oxygen in the body?

A. Oxygen is important in the growth and repair of tissues.
B. It maintains body temperature.
C. It helps the body process energy.
D. It is one of the waste products of the body.

6. What will happen to the body if the respiratory system fails to function
properly?
A. The body will suffer because of lack of oxygen.
B. The body will suffer because of lack of carbon dioxide.
C. The body can still survive with the help of other organ systems.
D. The body can still survive even without the needed energy.