Obstacles to the application of electronic

administration in the Yemeni universities (University

of Aden as a model) and solutions
Farid Saleh Amer
Faculty Of Computer And
Information Technology
Al-Madinah International University
Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
al_klefy@hotmail.com
Wael M.S.Yafooz
Faculty Of Computer And Information
Technology
Al-Madinah International University
Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
wael.mohamed@hotmail.com
Ahmed Abdo Abdullah Al-Manakhi
Faculty Of Finance and Business
administration
Al-Madinah International University
Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
ahmed.abdallah@mediu.edu.my

Abstract—This paper aims to identify the main obstacles to
the application of electronic administration, ways and
mechanisms to overcome the obstacles from the point of view of
administrative and academic staff. The researcher used the
descriptive (procedural) approach and the questionnaire was
used as a tool for collecting information. The study community is
composed of administrative and academic staff working at the
University of Aden. The paper reached many results, the most
important of which are the following. There is an agreement
among the sample of the study on the obstacles to the application
of electronic administration in the Yemeni universities (Aden
University as a model). The most prominent of these constraints
are inadequate funding and lack of financial incentives for
workers in the field of electronic management, adherence to the
centralization of the university administration and administrative
burdens of some administrative leader. The members of the
sample of the study agreed on some certain ways and
mechanisms to overcome obstacles to the application of electronic
administration at the University of Aden, and the most
prominent of these mechanisms: Providing means of funding to
activate electronic management, Training the administrative staff
to deal with the applications of electronic management efficiently.
Providing material incentives for employees in the field of
electronic management and recruitment of specialists in the
operation and maintenance of electronic management techniques,
and in light of the results reached, the researcher recommends
some procedures to overcome these obstacles. The results showed
that the lack of financial incentives for employees in the field of
electronic administration hindered the application of
management away from centralization in the university
administration and to delegate a part of the powers
(responsibilities) to the employees.
Keywords: electronic administration, Usability Evaluation,
management systems
I. INTRODUCTION
The field of administrative work witnessed a major shift
towards the use of the best scientific methods based on
scientific and technical progress, which led to changes in the
fields of administrative work. The Republic of Yemen turned
to benefit from these technologies in all administrative fields,
seeking to apply electronic management to all its dealings to
get rid of the traditional management, and keep up with this
taken scientific and technical progress, which led to changes in
The fields of administrative work, Yemen has advantage of
these technologies in some administrative fields. It has
introduced this technique in the fields of commerce and
electronic management fields.
Scientific and technical progress has affected the nature and
form of administrative systems, in which traditional forms of
service have given way to a pattern based on the technological
and informational dimension, and thus the shift towards
electronic management as a concept of speed and interaction
[1].
Information technology has played an important role in the
process of change in administrative work through the provision
of powerful tools for managers that allow them to play their
roles, whether traditional or new, as the contemporary
information systems allow managers to obtain data in various
quantities, operation and analysis very quickly, To benefit from
the use of information technology to develop its administrative
work [2].
One of the most prominent features and modern standards
of administrative work, which was one of the results of the
technical revolution in the present world, is electronic
administration, as it is a modern gateway to the development
and modernization of organizations and to address their
traditional management problems, and ensure justice, accuracy
and transparency in the implementation of various transactions
[3].
E-management is not simply a computer and a network and
software operating system; it is knowledge and skills that
require high flexibility in behavior and self-readiness for
learning staff and managers. Electronic management is a tool
for change in the organizational environment that requires a
change in management methods, organizational structures,
business flows and business models. [4]
 The introduction of the concept of e-governance as a
mechanism for the provision of public services and facilitation
of administrative work procedures within public and private
institutions has made important improvements in the form of
these services, resulting in the development of tasks and
activities provided by institutions. Concepts that represent the
pillars of management are transparency, control, accountability,
and the spirit of responsibility, responsiveness to individual and
public services that the organization provide to the public [1].
The role of e-management in development has increased,
especially after studies have shown their role in the success of
the administrative process in various fields. Modern
information and communication technology plays a major role
in modern administrative work as a mechanism of modern
management that must be adapted to administrative work.
The application of electronic management in the
administrative work procedures has become an important
element in the success of the organization, thus gaining a
qualitative advantage through which to compete with other
organizations [5]. The most important of these advantages is
the shift from traditional methods of management to electronic
methods. The Yemeni universities work hard to implement
electronic management in all areas of administrative work, in
order to transform administrative procedures in universities to
electronic procedures. [5]
In [5], the author pointed out that the administrative work
faces many challenges and changes, especially the
technological changes made available by IT in its various
components, especially the Internet, the increasing use of
computers and the development of administrative thought. IT
has covered various aspects of administrative work in all
institutions thus we do not find an institution without databases
for different administrative functions.
On the other hand if we have a look organizational structure
of Adan university we see that the Department of
Administrative Development is the department which is
responsible for creating an organized administrative work
environment that help to implement electronic management
and achieve its objectives through the development of work
procedures, redesigning the organizational structure, training of
human cadres and raising the culture of technology among
employees and creating conviction of the importance of
electronic management applications and their role in reducing
cost, increasing productivity and achieving Comprehensive
development.
Scientific and technical progress has resulted in many
effects on the nature and form of administrative systems, in
which traditional forms of service have fallen into a pattern
based on the technological and informational dimension, and
thus the shift towards electronic management as a concept of
speed and interaction [1]
Information technology has played an important role in the
process of change in administrative work by providing
powerful tools for managers that allow them to play their roles
in an effective way, as contemporary information systems
allow managers to obtain data accurately and quickly.
II. RESEARCH PROBLEM
Electronic administration has become one of the most
important modern administrative applications used in
educational institutions and departments, and in universities
that seek to activate electronic administration.
The digital e-governance is the latest school in the
administration that uses the Internet and networks to
accomplish management functions from planning, organizing
and controlling electronically. [6]
However, there are some obstacles to the application and
the use of electronic management. Among these are [7] that
electronic management requires drastic changes in the quality
of human elements. This means that education and training
systems should be reviewed to meet the new transition
requirements, Including plans, programs, methods, and
educational and training resources in all levels.
Some scientific studies have addressed the difficulties that
hinder the use of electronic management, for example:
The study which concluded to a number of difficulties in
four areas: environmental problems, financial problems,
administrative problems, technical problems. [8]
Another study about managing change and modern
challenges for managers showed that the most obstacles to the
use of electronic management are the physical obstacles, and
the software constraints. [3]
The first proposals by Yassine and Ghaleb conducted
studies on the obstacles to the application of electronic
management in the Aden University [4].
The paper of [9] found that there are obstacles that prevent
the implementation of electronic management. This was due
insufficient financial allocations for purchasing the necessary
equipment and software for applying electronic management,
as well as shortage of qualified human resources.
The study by [10] found that the major difficulty in
education institutes is the lack of employees who are necessary
for the operation and maintenance of electronic management
techniques, as well as the absence of regulations governing the
methods of application of electronic management. [10]
The results of [7] indicate that there is a shortage in the
presence of human cadres of administrators and technicians
required for the implementation of electronic management in
schools, as well as the scarcity of training courses for the
implementation of electronic management in universities, like
developed countries in this area.
The results of [11] show that there are obstacles that
impede the application of electronic management, namely
administrative, human, cultural, social, regulatory, structural,
technical and environmental obstacles.
Hence the importance of this paper is to reveal the
difficulties or obstacles facing the use of electronic
management in universities and ways to overcome.
 In light of the above, the problem of this paper can be from the paper system to the electronic system at the
identified in the form of the following question: University of Aden.
What are the obstacles to the application of electronic
management at the University of Aden? V. CHARACTERISTICS OF ELECTRONIC MANAGEMENT
 It is an administrative process based on policy-making,
III. OBJECTIVES OF THE PAPER achievement of objectives, strategies, as well as
resource monitoring and guidance
The paper aims to:
 The possibility of directing employees in the university
 Identify the impact of the applications of electronic
to work from anywhere and does not require the
management on the procedures of developing
presence of any person to the workplace to accomplish
administrative work at the University of Aden.
the work assigned to him/her.
 Identify to what extent the members of the study
 Help to preserve employee rights by conducting a work
community respond to electronic management as a
documentation process that will determine the value of
mean of administrative development process at the
accomplished work.
University of Aden.
 Facilitate the work procedures of human resources
 Identify the relationship between the applications of
personnel and raise their efficiency and speed of work
electronic administration and the procedures of
developing administrative work at the University of
Aden. VI. ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURES
It is defined as: all tasks, administrative procedures and
IV. ELECTRONIC MANAGEMENT functions carried out by the employee in his day-to-day work
of planning, monitoring, coordinating, directing, making and
Electronic Management is known as the ability of the
making decisions [13]. Hawari defines as predetermined
individual to communicate with others through modern
methods of how routine operations are carried out, and the
electronic means and easy access to the world of information
basis for those administrative procedures in which sequent
technology [6].
steps are required to be carried out in a particular process are
A study about the effect of electronic management on pursued. [14].
public facility management defined it as a virtual system that
The researcher defines it procedurally:
enables government agencies to fulfill their obligations to all
beneficiaries by using advanced electronic technologies, It is the successive ways and means that lead to the
ignoring time and space, while achieving excellence, completion of the required work at a certain time without being
confidentiality and information security [12]. restricted to bureaucratic traditions in administrative work.
It can also be defined as the ability of government agencies
to exchange information and provide services between them
and citizens and business sectors, at high speed and at the VII. CHARACTERISTICS OF ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURES:
lowest cost through the Internet while ensuring the
confidentiality and security of information transmitted at One of the most important characteristics of the work is to
anytime and anywhere [13] detail the work very accurately so that it becomes easy for
anyone who has nothing to do with the work to read the
In [10 ] Al-Qarni defined it as a means of raising the instructions and follow-up steps to carry out the appropriate
performance and efficiency of the government. It is a paperless procedures of any administrative process
department, but it uses electronic archives, directories,
electronic diaries and voice messages [10] Objectives and administrative work procedures:
It also has been defined in [14] as a "new portal based on  Speed and accuracy in completing the transactions.
the use of knowledge and information, advanced software  Unify the work structure so that the system works in
systems and communications to carry out administrative parallel rather than cross
functions and accomplish executive work, and the adoption of
the Internet and other networks in the provision of services and  Reduce office costs and expenses
goods electronically as well as the exchange of information
between the employees of the organization and between them  Avoid chaos and raise the psychological state of
and the external parties to improve performance efficiency and employees
effectiveness.
The researcher defines it procedurally as follows:
Management uses technology products to improve the
performance and efficiency of administrative staff and move
 VIII. -ADMINISTRATIVE DEVELOPMENT
It is defined as a method that seeks to harmonize all
departments of the university with the aim of bringing about
actual change based on diagnosis, implementation, follow-up,
evaluation, and determining the extent of which development
programs succeed in achieving their goals. [13].
It is also known as Quality and quantity shift from one
situation to a better alternative in all economic, social, political,
cultural, environmental, administrative, health and
technological fields. [11]
The researcher defines it procedurally as follows:
It is a systematic methodology aimed to increase the
efficiency and effectiveness of the administrative performance
of the staff of the university through the optimal investment of
the material, human and scientific resources to achieve the
objectives sought by the administration in the light of
developments and successive changes.
Electronic Management Applications and Their Role in
Administrative Development:
There is no doubt that the application of electronic
management had a significant impact on administrative
development
This is illustrated in a number of points as follows:
 Quick accomplishing of administrative work.
 Accurate and substantial information will help to make
the right decision.
 Reducing administrative costs and also increasing
performance.
 Shorten time.
 Eliminate bureaucracy.
IX. PREVIOUS STUDIES:
The researcher lists some previous studies related to the
subject of the paper, which deals with the applications of
electronic management and the development of administrative
work.
A. Arabic studies
 Al Dahwan Study (1426) entitled: “The Role of the
Department of Administrative Development in the
Application of Electronic Management” [9].
The paper aimed at identifying the extent of the application
of electronic administration which was carried out by the
Administrative Development Department, in the Aden
University , and how the department played the role assigned
to it through all phases of administrative work, and its
contribution in providing training for the employees in the
electronic cultural aspect required to implement the electronic
administration and the extent of achieving organizational
requirements (redesigning the organizational structure,
simplifying the working procedures) required to implement e-
management from the point of view of employees, to provide
the technical skills necessary for the implementation of
electronic management.
The paper used the descriptive approach in its documentary
and social survey entries and used the questionnaire as a tool.
The main results were as follows:
 The management development department in the Aden
University played its role in qualifying the employees
to acquire the electronic culture necessary to
implement the electronic management.
 The administrative development department provided
the organizational requirements (redesigning the
organizational structure, streamlining the work
procedures) for the implementation of electronic
management.
The main recommendations of the paper are as follows:
 The senior management should assist the
administrative development department in carrying out
its role and tasks.
 Supporting administrative development management
with more qualified cadres to be able to perform the
tasks assigned to it with the greatest possible quality
and professionalism.
 Do not assign the Department of Administrative
Development tasks that are outside the scope of
competence to be able to carry out its basic functions
in the field of regulation and training.
 The important obstacles that hinder the applications of
electronic management in the administrative and
technical fields are strong: Lack of funding, lack of
material incentives to encourage the application of
electronic management programs, the absence of
experts and specialists, and the lack of technical
capabilities necessary to implement electronic
management.
B. Foreign Studies
 Russell's study (Russell, 2004):
This paper aimed to identify the contributions of e-
management in the administrative work, the extent of its
positive impact on the students’ guides in Ohio, and the
obstacles facing the use of e-administration in education. The
author used descriptive documentary approach, relying on
books and studies related to the subject of the study, he reached
to a number of results, including: that electronic management
contributes to increase productivity, reduce costs, achieve the
satisfaction of beneficiaries in the educational process, increase
participation, and improve the effectiveness of internal
processes and services, and the disposal of paperwork, and to
provide services automatically; thereby saving effort, and the
electronic management positively affect all participants in the
educational process by saving time, and the paper results
showed that the obstacles to the use of electronic lack of
finance, lack of training courses [15].
  Olsen & others. (2005): Modern Evolution in
Electronic Information Collection and Evaluation in
the 21st Century.
The paper aimed to test the scientific application of the
advantages and disadvantages of electronic logistics versus the
traditional administrative processes for the study of a large
project. It also aimed at evaluating the correlation between the
future information electronically versus paper collection
procedures. The main results of the paper are that the
administrative techniques contribute to save time and effort
[16].
 Searsht & others (2008), entitled Electronic
Management - Obstacles and Challenges.
The paper aimed at presenting and analyzing the main
obstacles to electronic management. The researcher used the
descriptive method.
The paper found that there are administrative obstacles that
hinder electronic management, and the existence of structural
organizational obstacles also impede the application of
electronic management [11].
X. METHODOLOGICAL PROCEDURES FOR RESEARCH
In this following section, the researcher will address the
methodology of the paper, including the community and the
sample of the study and how to build the study tool to collect
the necessary data, the scientific procedures used to verify the
validity and consistency of the study tool, the statistical
processing methods used in analyzing the study data.
A. Research Methodology
In the light of the nature of the paper, its questions and
objectives, the researcher will use the descriptive analytical
method because it is most suited to achieve the objectives of
the paper and answer its questions. This approach expresses the
phenomenon to be studied as it exists in fact. It is concerned as
a precise description and expressed in qualitative and
quantitative terms. To collect data and information on the topic,
but also to analyze the phenomenon and interpretation to reach
conclusions that contribute to the development and
improvement of reality [17]
B. Research community
The study community will be composed of (85) employees
of the Aden University during the academic year 2017/2018
according to the administrative statistics of the Personnel
Affairs Department in the university.
C. The study sample
To ensure that the sample is represents the study
community, the researcher chose a simple random sample
representing the study community at the university in light of
the statistical equations that were set for the minimum size of
the sample representing the study community.
XI. ONE-WAY ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE (ANOVA)
A. The first axis:
It talks about the financial potential. This section aims at
finding out the availability of the financial means necessary to
implement the electronic administration, which includes (5)
phrases.
B. The second axis:
Deals with human potential this section aims to know the
availability of human resources necessary for the application of
electronic management, and consists of 5 phrases.
C. The third axis:
Deals with the administrative requirements this section
aims to know the extent of commitment and support of senior
management to provide the administrative requirements for the
application of electronic management, and consists of 5 terms.
D. The fourth axis:
It talks about the security dimensions of the use of
electronic administration. This section aims to know the
security dimensions of the use of electronic administration, and
consists of 5 phrases.
E. The fifth axis:
The use of electronic management and its relation to
increase the effectiveness of the performance of the employees
and this section associates with an aim of the research, which
helps to identify the relationship between the applications of
electronic management and the development of administrative
work in Aden University consists of 9 phrases.
Phrases are formulated in each axis according typical five-
level Likert scale, which measures the level of perception from
(1), which expresses a very low degree of perception, to (5),
which expresses a very high degree of perception.
The following tables of correlation coefficients between
each paragraph and the axis to which it belongs:
 The first axis: financial potential
The aim of this section is to find out the availability of the
financial resources necessary to implement the electronic
management.
TABLE I. CORRELATION COEFFICIENTS FOR THE ITEMS OF THE FIRST AXIS AND TABLE III. CORRELATION COEFFICIENTS FOR THE ITEMS OF THE THIRD
ITS TOTAL SCORE. AXIS AND THE TOTAL SCORE
AXIS statements Coefficient Coefficient
of AXIS statements of
correlation correlation
Financial support is available to purchase There are computer facilities in the
1 **0.502 1 **0.570
electronic technologies. administrative department.
Financial support is available for designing The senior management support the
2 **0.517 2 application of electronic management **0.680
and developing electronic programs.
(objectives and mission).
Financial support is available for hardware and
3 **0.620 There is continuous supervision by the senior
software maintenance.
3 management to ensure the smooth of **0.549
Financial support is available hire qualified
electronic work
4 trainers to train employees on the applications **0.501
of the electronic work mechanism. Senior management is keen to keep pace with
4 the technical developments related to **0.580
Availability of financial incentives for
5 **0.503 electronic management.
distinguished individuals
** Statistically significant statements at the level of 0.01 or less Senior management seeks to train employees
5 psychologically on the use of electronic **0.630
management
The previous table shows that all the statements are at the ** Statistically significant statements at the level of 0.01 or less
level of (0.01), indicating that all the paragraphs of the first The previous table shows that all the statements are at the
axis characterized by a high degree of honesty, which made the level of (0.01), which indicates that all the statements of the
questionnaire suitable for field application. third axis are characterized by a high degree of honesty, which
 The second axis: made the questionnaire suitable for field application.
Deals with human potential. This section aims to know the  The Fourth axis:
availability of human resources necessary for the application of The security aspects of the use of electronic administration.
electronic management. This section aims to know the security dimensions of the use of
electronic management.
TABLE II. Correlation coefficients for the items of the second axis and the
total score. TABLE IV. CORRELATION COEFFICIENTS FOR THE STATEMENTS OF THE FOURTH
AXIS AND THE TOTAL SCORE
Coefficient
AXIS statements of Coefficient
correlation AXIS statements of
There are plans to train and qualify employees correlation
1 **0.516 Electronic management leads to more
to use information technology 1 **0.524
I have the ability to use computers as required confidence in electronic transactions.
2 **0.543 Electronic management leads to develop plans
Availability of specialists in information 2 to protect the security and confidentiality of **0.625
3 **0.581 information
technology
Availability of the human resources necessary Electronic management leads to increase the
3 **0.540
4 for the implementation of electronic **0.520 security awareness of employees
administration The use of electronic management reduces the
4 **0.665
I obtained computer training courses risk of fraud
5 **0.518
** Statistically significant statements at the level of 0.01 or less 5 Passwords and codes are changed periodically **0.569
** Statistically significant statements at the level of 0.01 or less

The previous table shows that all the statements are at the
level of (0.01), indicating that all the paragraphs of the second
axis are characterized by a high degree of honesty, which made
the questionnaire suitable for field application.
 The third axis:
Focuses on the administrative requirements. This section
aims to know the extent of commitment and support of senior
management to provide the requirements for the application of
electronic management.
The previous shows that all the statements are at the level
of (0.01), indicating that all the statements of the fourth axis are
characterized by a high degree of honesty, which made the
questionnaire suitable for field application.
 Fifth axis:
Using electronic management to increase the efficiency of
the job performance of employees.
 TABLE V. CORRELATION COEFFICIENTS FOR THE ITEMS OF THE FIFTH AXIS TABLE VII . RESPONSES OF THE STUDY COMMUNITY TO THE QUESTION OF THE
AND THE TOTAL SCORE. IMPACT OF E-MANAGEMENT APPLICATIONS ON THE PROCEDURES OF
DEVELOPING THE ADMINISTRATIVE WORK IN ADEN UNIVERSITY
Coefficient
AXIS statements of

Degree of
Standard
Arithmet
deviation

approval
ic mean
correlation
statement N
1 speed of completion of work **0.621

2 Increase in employee productivity **0.571

1 Speed of accomplishing work 35 3.52 0.55 average
3 Raising staff performance rates **0.498
2 Raising employee productivity 35 2.71 0.81 average
4 Reducing daily labor costs **0.521 3 Raising staff performance rates 35 2.24 0.61 low
5 Accuracy of information delivery to staff **0.611 4 Reducing the cost of daily work 35 2.47 0.82 low
6 Reduction of error rates **0.620 Accuracy of delivery of
5 35 4.12 0.59 high
information to employees
7 Performance of work from anywhere **0.620
6 Decrease error rates 35 4.62 0.73 v.high
Reducing the cost of archiving and archive
8 **0.582 The possibility of performing
space 7 35 4.62 0.69 v.high
work from anywhere
Changing passwords periodically for
9 **0.562 Reduce the cost of archiving and
employees 8 35 3.98 0.59 high
** Statistically significant statements at the level of 0.01 or less archiving sites
The previous shows that all the statements are at the level Change passwords and codes for
9 35 2.01 0.78 low
employees periodically
of (0.01), indicating that all the statements of the fifth axis are average
characterized by a high degree of honesty, which made the General average 35 3.03 0.31
questionnaire suitable for field application.
TABLE VI. CRONBACH'S ALPHA COEFFICIENTS FOR THE AXES AND The data in the table reveals that the members of the study
DIMENSIONS OF THE STUDY. sample in Aden University are aware of the effect of e-
Cronbac management applications on the administrative work
Number
h's Alpha
Axes
of
stability development process, with a general average of their
statement understanding of concepts (3.03 from 5.00) This average is
Coefficie
s
nts within the third category of the five-point scale (2.61 to 3.40),
1 The first axis: financial potential 5 0.8.11 which, indicates that the level of employee awareness of the
impact of e-management applications on business development
2 The second axis: human potential 5 0.7.90 procedures is average.
3
The third axis:administrative
5 0.7.57 In what follows is the order of the statements according to
requirements the approval average by members of the study community:
4 The fourth axis: security dimensions 5 0.7.11  Statement (7) “The possibility of performing work
5
The fifth axis: increasing the efficiency
9 0.8.26
from anywhere” came first with an average of ( 4.62).
of the job performance
6 General stability 29 8.01
 In the last came no.8 “Change passwords and codes for
employees periodically” with an average of ( 2.01)
Table (6) shows that due to the stability coefficient of the
paper axes ranging between (0.7.11 - 0.8.26) and the general
stability coefficient (0.801), which are high stability
coefficients indicating the validity of the study tool.

XII. RESULTS AND RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE PAPER

Results related to the answer to the first question: What is
the impact of the applications of electronic administration on
the procedures of developing administrative work at the
University of Aden.
In order to know the extent to which employees know the
impact of e-management applications on the procedures of
developing the administrative work in Aden University, the
researcher calculated the arithmetical averages and standard
deviations of the statements of the axes. The results are as
follows:
TABLE VIII THE PURPOSE OF THIS SECTION IS TO FIND OUT THE AVAILABILITY TABLE IX. THE RESPONSES OF THE STUDY MEMBERS ABOUT- THE HUMAN
OF THE FINANCIAL MEANS NECESSARY TO IMPLEMENT THE ELECTRONIC POTENTIAL- THIS SECTION AIMS TO KNOW THE AVAILABILITY OF HUMAN
ADMINISTRATION. RESOURCES NECESSARY FOR THE APPLICATION OF ELECTRONIC MANAGEMENT

Degree of
Standard
Arithmet
deviation

approval
ic mean
Degree of
Standard
Arithmet

deviation

approval
ic mean
statement N
statement N

1 There are plans to train and 37 3.74 0.60 High

1 Financial support is available to 37 3.12 average
0.73 qualify employees on the use of
purchase electronic technologies
information technology
2 Financial support is available for 37 3.25 average
2 You have the ability to deal with 37 3.90 0.74 High
the design and development of 0.83
computers as required
electronic programs
3 The University has specialists in 37 4.66 0.85 V-high
3 Financial support is available for 37 2.77 average
Information Technology
hardware and software 0.75
4 The University has the human 37 3.20 0.67 average
maintenance
resources necessary for the
4 Financial support is available for 37 3.55 0.63 high
application of electronic
hiring of qualified trainers to
administration
train employees on the
5 I have obtained computer 37 3.11 0.47 average
application of the electronic
training courses
work
General average 37 3.72 0.43 High
5 Availability of incentives for 37 2.21 low
distinguished employees in the 0.61
field of electronic work
The data in the table reveals that the members of the study
General average 37 2.98 average sample working at Aden University are very aware of the
0.28
availability of the human resources required to implement the
electronic administration, which indicates a "high" option. The
The data in the table reveals that the members of the study general average of their level of understanding of concepts
sample working in Aden University are aware that the average (3.72 of 5.00) which lies in the fourth category of the five-point
financial support to implement the electronic administration is scale (3.41 to 4.20), indicating the high level of awareness of
reasonable. The average of their level of understanding of the workers to determine the availability of human resources
concepts is (2.98 of 5.00) which lies in the third category of the required for the application of electronic management.
five-point scale (from 2.61 to 3.40), which indicates that the
level of awareness of employees of the availability of financial  In what follows is the order of the statements
resources for the application of electronic management. according to the average approval by members of the
In what follows is the order of the statements according to study community:
the average approval by members of the study community:  Statement ( 3) is: (Aden University has specialists in
 Statement (4) (Financial support is available for hiring information technology) ranked first among the
qualified trainers to train employees on the application statements which means that the staff of Aden
of electronic work) in the first rank among the University notices the availability of the human
statements that measure the level of knowledge of resources necessary to apply the electronic
employees in Aden University of the availability of management with an average of (4.66).
financial means to implement the electronic
management, 3.55).  Statement (5): (I obtained training courses about
computers) in the last place with an average of (3.11).
 Statement (5) is: (availability of incentives for
distinguished employees in the field of electronic
work) in the last place with an average of (2.21).
TABLE X. RESPONSES OF THE STUDY COMMUNITY TO THE COMMITMENT AND
SUPPORT OF SENIOR MANAGEMENT TO PROVIDE THE NECESSARY
ADMINISTRATIVE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE APPLICATION OF ELECTRONIC
MANAGEMENT.
Standard
Arithmet
deviation
ic mean
statement N
1 There is a computer department
in the administration at Aden 37 3.52
University
2 There is support from the senior
management for the application 37 3.95
of electronic administration
3 There is continuous supervision
by the senior management to
ensure the stability of electronic
37 2.55
shift
4 Senior management is keen to
keep abreast of technical
37 3.58
developments related to
electronic management
5 Senior management is working
on the psychological preparation
37 4.23
of employees on the use of
electronic management
General average 37 3.71
The data in the table reveals that the members of the study
sample are aware that the average financial ability to
implement the electronic administration is reasonable. The
average of their level of understanding of concepts (2.98 of
5.00) the third category of the five-point scale (from 2.61 to
3.40), which refers to the option (average), indicating that the
level of awareness of employees to determine the availability
of financial resources for the application of electronic
management
 What follows is the order of the statements according
to the average approval by members of the study
community:
 In the first place, the number of senior employees
working on the use of electronic management is
calculated by an average of (4.23).
 Statement (3) (There is continuous supervision by the
senior management to ensure the stability of electronic
shift) in the last rank with an average of (2.55)
XIII. CONCLUSION
Our research results produce some important conclusions as
consideration in the implementation of electronic
administration, particularly in the Aden University. Leadership,
financial, Developing good incentives system for distinguished
employees in the field of electronic work , and cultural
organizations were considered as inhibiting factors of
electronic administration in Aden University administration ,
where the leadership factor contributing most to the obstacles
of electronic administration in Aden University Thus, it is
important for the of electronic administration in the developing
countries to show their commitment and support for the
success of the of electronic administration implementation.
This study also concluded that the availability of IT
infrastructure does not significantly inhibit the of electronic
administration implementation in the Aden University.
Degree of
approval
XIV. RECOMMENDATIONS
increasing the senior management attention to prepare the
employees psychologically and morally for the use of
electronic management by increasing training, raising the
0.60 High awareness of the advantages of electronic administration and
providing job security for employees by emphasizing to
0.65 High employees that the application of electronic administration is
by no means a substitute for them, They are able to perform
administrative processes with high efficiency. Increasing the
0.74 average commitment of senior management to implement electronic
management through spreading of the culture of electronic
work and raising the awareness of benefits of the
implementation of electronic management among employees.
0.61 average
Establishing a specialized department for e-management
applications, including IT experts as well as management
0.66 V-High
experts who work in an integrated manner to monitor the
implementation of the mechanism, and constantly work to
solve the problems that impede the application process. The
0.23 High
need for participation of different levels of management in
planning and setting goals and programs related to the policy
of application and use of electronic management. Demonstrate
the positive impact of the use of electronic management on the
level of employee performance, and therefore the satisfaction
that this use leads to. Increasing the financial support required
to employ qualified trainers to train.
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