ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF GINGER (G.

officinales) AS AGENT TO BAMBOO

(Bambusa vulgaris) FIBER WIPES

MAIA OSCHELLE ANDALLON

CYRENE KAYE CAMINO
KYLA FAYE CELESTIAL
SHEKKAINAH GRAFLO
RASHEED CLAIRE MONGOY
PRINCESS AMOR PUNGYAN

A RESEARCH PROPOSAL SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF SENIOR HIGH

SCHOOL DEPARTMENT, SOUTHERN CHRISTIAN COLLEGE MIDSAYAP,
COTABATO IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR

PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2
(SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL)

APRIL 2021
ii
 1

Chapter 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Introduction

Wet wipes are designed as a hygiene tool in cleaning the baby’s skin, especially in

the peri-anal area post defecation. These wipes are practiced as they are impregnated with

lotions or other natural active elements, which also plays sanitizer and medicinal

equipment. These wipes are hygienic because they are disposable and discarded after their

first use (Casas-Sanchez, 2007). Wet wipes might be convenient cleaners in a pinch, but

their daily impact on the environment is longstanding and far-reaching (Barratt & Reynolds

2020). However, ninety-percent of wet wipes are produced from plastic textiles made of

polyester or polypropylene and are saturated with solutions from gentle cleansing

component to alcohol-based ‘cleaners’ (Pajda, 2018). The vast majority of wet wipes are

made using plastic and will take over 100 years to biodegradable- during which time, they

will have massively contributed to our climate crisis (Country Living, 2019).

Natural fibers are sustainable, and one such fiber is bamboo, which has many

favorable properties like soft, light, breathable, and relaxed. It is also hydrophilic that

absorb more water than other viable fibers. Bamboo fibers consider as a good scope in

medical textiles for the development of health and hygiene products. Handle bamboo wipes

are very soft even on the baby’s tender skin and prevents skin rashes on usage. Thus, it is

an entirely safe personal care product with biodegradable and environmentally friendly

(Devaki, Indumathi, & Sangeetha, 2019). Natural plant fibers have unequivocally

contributed to economic prosperity and sustainability in our daily lives. Mainly, bamboo
 2

fibers have been used for industrial applications as diverse as textiles, paper, and

constructions. Recent renewed interest in bamboo fiber (BF) is primarily targeted for

replacing or reducing the use of glass fiber from nonrenewable resources (Dagang, Jianwe,

Debbie, Chang, & Hua, 2012).

Ginger has long been used as naturopathy due to its potential antimicrobial activity

against different microbial plant pathogens (Islam et al., 2014). Ginger (Zingiber officinale)

is a famous plant product consumed as a spice and many uses in food industries and

traditional medicine. Numerous studies have been conducted on its antibacterial potential,

which showed varied results (Abdalla and Abdallah, 2018). Ginger (Zingiber officinale)

has direct antimicrobial activity and can thus be used to treat bacterial infections (Tan &

Vanitha, 2004). Gingers are relatively inexpensive due to their easy availability,

universally acceptable, and well tolerated by most people. It has also been “Generally

Recognized as Safe” (GRAS) by the US FDA (Indian Council Medical Research Bulletin,

2010).

Objectives of the study

This study generally aims to determine the effectiveness and acceptability of the

ethanol extract of ginger (Zingiber officinale) as an agent to Bamboo (Bambusoideae) fiber

wipes.

Specifically, this study aims to:

1. Produce an ethanol extract of ginger (Zingiber officinale) as an agent to wet

wipes.
 3

2. Determine the efficacy of Ginger (Zingiber officinales) Ethanol Extract as an

agent to Bamboo (Bambusoideae) Fiber Wipes in terms of:

a. Odor,

b. Moisture, and

c. General Acceptability?

3. Determine the significant difference of Bamboo (Bambusoideae) Fiber Wipes in

terms of:

a. Absorbency,

b. Tensile Strength,

c. Comfort, and

d. General Acceptability?

Hypotheses of the Study

Ho1. There is no significant difference in the efficacy of Bamboo (Bambusoideae) Fiber

Wipes in terms of its odor.

Ho2. There is no significant difference in the efficacy of Bamboo (Bambusoideae) Fiber

Wipes in terms of its moisture.

Ho3. There is no significant difference in the efficacy of Bamboo (Bambusoideae) Fiber

Wipes in terms of its absorbency.

Ho4. There is no significant difference in the efficacy of Bamboo (Bambusoideae) Fiber

Wipes in terms of its tensile strength.

Ho5. There is no significant difference in the efficacy of Bamboo (Bambusoideae) Fiber

Wipes in terms of its comfort.

 4

Ho6. There is no significant difference in the efficacy of Bamboo (Bambusoideae) Fiber

Wipes in terms of its General acceptability.

Significance of the study

The result of this study will focus on Ethanol extract of Ginger (Zingiber officinale)

as agent to Bamboo (Bambusoideae) Fiber Wipes that will give benefits to the following:

Wet Wipes User. The result of this study may help wet wipes users to gain knowledge on

how to utilize an eco-friendly wipe rather than utilizing commercial wipes with the

methods used in this study. This study may provide realization to students in the aspects of

using Bamboo (Bambusoideae) as Fiber Wipes. This may instill in their minds that in terms

of using wipes, there is an innovative way which is the said study.

Department of Agriculture and Livelihood The overall result of the study may serve as

a baseline data for the government to conduct programs and improve projects and activities

in the community that could suggest several ways on how to observe the sustainable

improvement in the environment through livelihood program that will observe and utilize

natural fibers of Bamboo (Bambusoideae) use in wipes.

Environmentalist. Many environmental groups call for the banning of wipes because of

its hazardous chemicals and its effect on the environment. This study will change their

perception towards the effect of wet wipes. Considering adoption of the overview and

results of this study as an environmental-friendly and human-friendly act worthy.

Future Researchers. The result of this study may serve as a basis for further study on an

ethanol extract of Ginger (Zingiber officinale) as an agent to Bamboo (Bambusoideae) fiber

wipes. This study may offer significant information and results for future in-depth study
 5

and exploration of other experimentation specifically in searching for some alternative and

sustainable wet wipes.

Scope and Limitation

This study will focus on utilizing the fibers of Bamboo (B. Vulgaris) with the use

of Ginger (Zingiber officinales) extracts as an agent. The researchers will use 1000 mL of

ethanol and 100g of ginger extracts for the 3 treatments. The researchers will use an

alternative procedure instead of the rotary evaporator that is not available in the area. The

researchers will consult a chemist on the preparation of the product. This study will be

conducted at Southern Christian College on September-November 2020.

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CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter presents a review of various concepts in ethanol extract of ginger (G.

Officinales) as agent to bamboo (Bambusa vulgaris) fiber wipes. It provides a review of

reading, studies, and research findings related to the study. This includes the commercial

wet wipes, extract of ginger and natural bamboo fiber.

Wet Wipes

Wet wipes, also known as wet towels, disinfecting wipes, or are small, pre-

moistened pieces of paper or fabric that often come folded and individually wrapped for

convenience. They are used for cleaning or disinfecting (Li, 2017). Wet wipes were non-

existent before the 1970s. The technology used to make disposable, non-woven towelettes

were developed during the latter part of the decade. Soon after, the first wet wipes were

introduced to the market. The need for the wipes started when people began traveling a lot.

During their travels, they realized the necessity to clean up quickly and easily without motel

and hotels (Emedco, 2013). Kimberly-Clark and Procter & gamble are the first companies

to take advantage of this new product that can purchase costly manufacturing equipment.

However, as technology evolved, producing towelettes became more affordable, allowing

smaller brands to venture into business. Wipes became number one considered as the

primary hygienic tool for the body.

According to the study of Broadwith (2016), he states that "Wipes are disposable

sheets, designed for cleaning and sanitary applications, from industrial degreasers to baby

wipes and moist toilet tissue." According to TNN (2019), wipes contain chemicals that
 7

cause skin rashes. "Report by Reuters claimed that wet wipes could cause rashes in

uncomfortable places. Another report an example of a man who had a rash around his anus,

was so bad and painful that he could not walk for months" (TNN, 2019). According to

Michelle Shreeve, many baby wipes available in the market are not safe to use, especially

on sensitive skin, because they contain methylisothiazolinone (MI), which can be harsh on

human skin (Anderson, 2020). The wet wipes market is a growing business (Siegert, 2011).

The wet wipe is one of the sanitary products consider as the non-woven textiles form

base material. A recent study identified wet wipes' material composition as white micro-

polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fibers used in the manufacture of products labeled as

flushable. (Pantoja-Munoz et al., 2018). These products contribute a significant problem in

the global sewerage system blockages (Patchell, 2014). Non-woven textiles for personal

hygiene wipes reached over 1 Million tonnes in 2016 in European production.

(INDA/EDANA, 2018). Wet wipes can cause damage to the environment. According to

TNN, "Most wet wipes contain plastic fiber, which makes them non-biodegradable. When

these wipes have their way into the bigger water bodies, aquatic animals consume them

and eventually die" (TNN, 2019). Wet wipes do not degrade during a flush or break down

by reaching the sewer infrastructures. They do not break easily when flushed and can block

pipework and pumps in sewerage systems that cause problems when the wet wipes make

their way into the ocean; they get ingested by sea creatures, such as turtles, which make

mistakes. Even if it does not flush wet wipes, they end up in landfills (Baria, 2016).
 8

Extract of Ginger

Ginger is abundant inactive constituents, such as phenolic and terpene compounds

(Prasad, 2015). Phenolic compounds in Ginger are mainly gingerols, schools, and parasols.

There are several components in Ginger, such as B-bisabolene, a-curcumin, zingiberene,

a-farnesene, and B- sesquiphellandrene, which are considered to be the main constituents

of ginger essential oils (Yeh et al., 2014) besides, polysaccharides, lipids, organic acids,

and raw fibers are also present in Ginger. Ginger has been using for thousands of years as

a medicine for a multitude of ailments. The root is the most often used in the part of Ginger.

Ginger's anti-nausea properties make it an effective medication that people used for

thousands of years (Alburger, 2017). Ginger is considered a perennial herbaceous plant

from the Zingiberaceae family. It can reach a length of 100 cm and generally spread till

1500 m altitude in tropical regions. Ginger has a preventive effect against cancer since it

stops the activity of the Epstein-Barr virus. Also, its six gingerol and 6-paradol compounds

are efficacious for promyelocytic -leukemia cancer. It has a preventive characteristic of

bacteria formation (Kaplan, 2005).

Over the last few years, interest in Ginger or its various components as valid

preventive or therapeutic agents has increased markedly, and scientific studies focusing on

verification of Ginger's pharmacological and physiological actions have likewise increased

(Ali et al., 2008). Ginger's anti-oxidative properties and its components have been explored

in various in vitro and in vivo tests. Strengthening the body's defenses by improving the

antioxidant status will undoubtedly protect humans against many chronic diseases (Shukla

& Singh, 2007). Fresh juice of Ginger has been proven to treat skin burns. The active

component of Ginger is used as a laxative and antacid medication. It is also used to warm
 9

the body for boosting circulation and lowering high blood pressure. Ginger acts as an

antiviral to treat colds and flu (Qidwa et al., 2003). Ginger has direct antimicrobial activity

and can thus be used to treat bacterial infections (Tan & Vanitha, 2004).

Ginger has an anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative property for controlling the

process of aging. It has antimicrobial potential as well, which can help in treating infectious

diseases. (Shukla, 2007). Ginger is good for lightening scars due to its active composition-

antioxidant gingerol, which fights skin-damaging free radicals and promotes smooth skin

tone (Gopal, 2019). It is the arm with antiseptic properties that help prevent and repair

damage in the body's tissues caused by free radicals and help fight against bacteria (Sinrich,

2017). Its diminished scar damage and blemishes. It kills bacteria that lead to acne

breakouts and promotes collagen production and increases elasticity (AAL, 2018). It has a

direct antimicrobial activity and can be used to treat bacterial infections (Tan & Vanitha,

2014).

Ginger keeps skin clean and free from dirt and bacteria that breeds pimple and

blackhead growth because of its antiseptic property and it also kills bacteria that lead to

acne breakouts because of its antibacterial property (Medispa, 2018). According to

Rahmani, Al Shabrmi, and Aly (2014), "Ginger also shows antimicrobial and other

biological activities due gingerol and paradol, shogaol and zingerone. An important finding

showed that 10% ethanol ginger extract is found to possess' antimicrobial potential against

pathogens". The medicinal properties of ginger extracts were presented. Ginger extracts to

obtain using solvent n-hexane, ethyl acetate, ethanol Soxhlet, and water. The extracts to

assay for antibacterial activity and bacterial growth activity. The results showed that all

extracts except the water extract have antibacterial activity. The inhibition of bacterial
 10

growth was dose-dependent; the results also showed that ginger extracts possess

antibacterial properties and could be used to treat bacterial infections (Malu et al., 2009).

According to their study in 2001, Kaul and Joshi state that Ginger is generally considered

as safe.

Aloe Vera Gel

Aloe Vera gel has anti-inflammatory properties. So, it is considered as one of the

most natural treats for sunburn. Applying aloe gel helps with a protective layer for the skin,

and it also helps to retain moisture. Aloe Vera is highly remedies for burns and other

injuries. This is because Aloe Vera has the healing properties of wounds, i.e., it also helps

to speed up skin cell reproduction. Therefore, it has anti-aging properties. It also contains

antimicrobial properties and it also helps to eradicate skin blemishes. (Hai, Ren, Hu, Wang,

Qin, & Chen, 2019).

Aloe Vera is a good remedy to those who suffer from acne. It helps in cleansing,

and its antimicrobial properties treat pimples without causing any damages to the skin.

Aloe Vera contains properties to boost skin cell reproduction and reduce skin

inflammation, it is a natural remedy for stretch marks and acne marks.

Active components with their properties: Aloe Vera contains 75 potentially active

constituents: vitamins, enzymes, minerals, sugars, lignin, saponins, salicylic acids, and

amino acids.4–6 Vitamins: It contains vitamins A (beta-carotene), C, and E, which are

antioxidants. It also contains vitamin B12, folic acid, and choline. Antioxidant neutralizes

free radicals. Enzymes: It contains eight enzymes: aliiase, alkaline phosphatase, amylase,
 11

bradykinesia, carboxypeptidase, catalase, cellulase, lipase, and peroxidase (Upadhyay,

2018).

Aloe Vera’s properties and its compounds, it can retain skin moisture and integrity

and prevent ulcers. It seems that Aloe Vera’s application as a complementary treatment

and current methods can improve wound healing and promote society's health

(Hekmatpour 2019).

A glycoprotein with antiallergic properties called al proven and a novel anti-

inflammatory compound, C-glucosyl chromone, has been isolated from Aloe Vera gel.7,8

Anthraquinones. It provides four plant steroids; cholesterol, campesterol, β-sitosterol, and

lupeol. It also contains salicylic acid that possesses anti-inflammatory properties. Lignin,

an inert substance, when included in topical preparations, promotes the penetrative effect

of the other ingredients into the skin. (Surjushe, 2008).

Aloe Vera is one of popular medicinal plant that people have used for thousands of

years. It is best known for treating skin injuries, but it also has several other uses that could

potentially benefit health. The botanical name of Aloe Vera is Aloe barbadensis miller. It

belongs to the Asphodelaceae (Liliaceae) family and is a shrubby or arborescent, perennial,

xerophytic, succulent, pea-green color plant. It grows in the dry regions of Asia, Europe,

and America. (Butler, 2020)

Anatomy The plant has triangular, fleshy leaves with serrated edges, yellow tubular

flowers, and fruits that contain numerous seeds. Each leaf is composed of three layers: An

inner clear gel that contains 99% water. Inside the rind are vascular bundles good for the

transportation of substances such as water (xylem) and starch (phloem). Antibacterial Wet
 12

Wipes contain Aloe help to moisturize skin and leave it smooth. Wet Wipes are strong to

help even the rough skin (Drugs, 2020).

Natural Bamboo Fiber

In a study in 2010 entitled "Fibers and fabrics used in home textiles", Das showed

that bamboo fiber is much better for moisture absorption and ventilation since it is filled

with many micro-gaps and micro-holes. Bamboo fiber is antistatic, which means it does

not contain free electrons that are why it fits well next to the human skin but not clinging

to it. According to the same study, scientists found out that bamboo has this so-called

"bamboo Kun" which means that it contains a unique anti-bacterium and bacteriostasis bio-

agent. The antibacterial property of bamboo fiber, it gained wide prospects in the field of

hygiene home textiles items just like sanitary towels, table napkins, and mattresses. It is

also the most preferred fiber for curtains, sofa slipcovers, as well as bathroom towels and

bathrobes. The Bamboo fibers belong to cellulose crystalline structure as flax, cotton, and

ramie. It has high breaking strength but low elongation and has good water absorption

properties (Yueping, 2010).

Even the fashion industry, which is known for its concern in creating style and

setting new trends, incorporated ways to be more environmentally friendly. Bamboo fabric

is a natural textile made from the pulp of the bamboo grass, the bamboo fiber then made

by pulping the bamboo grass until it separates into thin threads of fiber spun and dyed for

weaving into cloth. Bamboo fiber is considered natural, sustainable fiber, with many

properties such as soft, light, breathable, and relaxed. It is hydrophilic that absorbs more
 13

water than any other viable fiber. (Devaki, 2019). Bamboo fiber is antibacterial properties

and absorbency (Mishra et al., 2010).

Natural bamboo fiber maintained eco-friendly approaches, no more than 1.8%

NaOH, 1.8% Na2CO3, ten ml/L H2O2 applied in different fiber production stages. It can

produce fibers with average length and fineness (Thompson, 2018). The composition of

different polymeric matrices or composites with bamboo fibers as reinforcing material

provides high-quality and high tensile properties and focuses on much of the fiber

extraction methods (Chaowana, 2013). The benefits of bamboo fabrics are the antibacterial

that keeps the odor fresh, softest fabrics, naturally, U.V. protectant that protects the skin

from skin cancer, hypoallergenic not cause allergic reactions and most eco-friendly fabric

on the planet that help to save our planet. It is similar to the softness of silk. Since the fiber

is without chemical treatment, they are naturally smoother and rounder with no sharp spurs

to irritate the skin. Antibacterial and anti-fungal (F.F., 2007).

Conceptual Framework

The figure 1 shows the independent variables which are the four treatments,

T1:25% Ethanol extract, T2:50%, T3:75%, and the dependent variable which is the

Ethanolic extract of ginger as agent to bamboo fiber wipes.

 14

Treatment 1
25% Ethanol Extract
Treatment 2 Ethanolic Extract of
Ginger (G. officinales) as
50% Ethanol Extract
Agent to Bamboo
Treatment 3 (Bambusa Vulgaris) Fibre
Wipes.
75% Ethanol Extract

Figure 1.Schematic diagram of the independent and dependent variables

Definition of Terms

Zinger officinales. The main ingredient in the study where the agent to wet wipes will be

extracted from.

Wipes. This refers to the bio-based fiber extracted from Bamboo (Bambusa vulgaris).

Extract. The substance that will be extracted from the ginger, to be used as an agent to

wipes.

Aloe vera Gel. The substance that is added to the ethanolic extract of ginger to retain its

moisture of the wet wipes.

 15

CHAPTER 3

MATERIALS AND METHODS

This chapter presents in detail the methodology that will be used in carrying out the

study. It covers the following aspects: the research design, respondents of the study, study

area, research instruments, preparation of raw materials, list of materials, list of ingredients,

treatments of the study, the general procedure for making the ethanolic extract, evolution

of samples, data gathering procedures and data analysis. It will describe the processes that

will be used to answer the problems of the study.

Research Design

This experimental study will utilize a Complete Randomized Design (CRD).

Utilizing this design will provide more emphasis on the mechanism that the study aims to

create. There are treatments in this study, making the said design appropriate.

Respondents and Sampling Design of the Study

The respondents of this study will consist of the members of this research paper.

This is to avoid some incidents that could trigger the health of others but the members

ensure to avoid personal emotions and being bias. The respondents will rate the wipes in

terms of odor, general acceptability and moisture in order to determine the effectiveness of

Ginger extract as a medium for wet wipes.

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Study Area

This study will be conducted at Camansi, Alamada, Cotabato and will utilize the

aforementioned locale since the availability of Ginger (Zingiber Officinale) is high enough

to execute the experiment. The data gathering will be conducted solely within the

researchers, since the capability of the researchers is high enough to execute the gathering

of data, especially the questionnaire. In consideration also to the chemist that will check

the study is in the said area.

Research Instrument

This study will utilize a structured questionnaire in order to gather the data in

determining the effectiveness and acceptability of Ginger Extract as an agent for Wet wipes

in terms of odor, general acceptability and moisture. This instrument has two parts, the

respondents profile and question-scale part.

List of Materials

Plate 1. Casserole Plate 2. Strainer Plate 4.Thermometer

 17

Plate 5. Bamboo fiber Cloth Plate 6. Cups

Ingredients

Plate 7. Ginger Plate 8. Ethanol Plate 9. Aloe Ver

Treatments of the Study

Ratio: Ginger: Ethanol
1000g: 100ml
Table 1. Treatments of Ginger Extract
Ingredients Treatment 1 Treatment 2 Treatment 3
Ginger extract 25mL 50mL 75mL
Water 75mL 50mL 25mL
Aloe vera 5grams 5grams 5grams
 18

All the treatments will have 3 replicates and these replicates will have the same

amount for every treatment. Treatment 1 will have 25mL extract of Ginger (Zingiber

Officinale) and 75mL water with a constant amount of 5 grams aloe vera in all treatments.

Treatment 2 will have 50mL extract of Ginger (Zingiber Officinale) and 50mL of water.

Treatment 3 will have 75mL extract of Ginger (Zingiber Officinale) and 25mL of water.

General Procedure

A. Preparation of the Materials

The researchers will utilize wipes that are being purchased in an online

store. The herbal plant such as Ginger (Zingiber Officinale) will be collected

from areas around North Cotabato.

B. Selection of Plant Material

The plant material that will be used in the study is the Ginger (Zingiber

Officinale) itself. The Ginger (Zingiber Officinale) must have fresh flesh.

C. Preparation of Plant Material ( Extraction of Ginger)

Ginger (Zingiber Officinale): 1000g of Ginger will be collected. Soak the

Ginger in the alcohol for 48 hours. The ratio of Ginger to Ethanol is 10:1 where

1000g of Ginger (Zingiber Officinale) to 100mL of ethanol. The researchers

will employ the Maceration Method where this is an extraction procedure in

which the plant material is placed inside a container, the ethanol is poured on

top until it completely covers the material. It will undergo a boiling process

under 60-65 d egree Celcius for about 30 minutes or an hour until it reaches the

desired temperature The content is stirred periodically to ensure complete

 19

extraction. At the end of the extraction, the extract will then be separated from

the solvent by evaporation using a water bath (Abubakar & Haque, 2019).

D. Preparation of Plant Material (Ginger as an Extract)

Ginger (Zingiber Officinale) extract will be divided into three treatments.

Aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis miller) will be mixed with the extract of Ginger

for good medical result. Where the mixture the weighed and the ratio is 3:1.

That is 3 liters of Ginger extract with 1 liter of water for concentrated solution.

The mixture is again left to stove until steam arises. The temperature should be

600C.

E. Herb Extraction

Aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis miller) gel, the Aloe vera must be freshly

picked. Pesticides or chemicals should not be used while growing them. Use

only the leaves that are thick and fleshy. Ensure that the leaves are healthy.

Wash thoroughly to remove bugs and dirt. Trim the prickly edges with a knife.

Using the knife, separate the interior gel from the outside of the leaf. To have a

smooth aloe gel, after separating the aloe from the exterior part of the leaf, you

can put the aloe into a blender and then strain the substance to remove the pulp.

F. Finishing Treatment

Extraction of the Ginger (Zingiber Officinale) with a mixture of aloe gel

will be directly applied on 100% bamboo nonwoven fabric by pad-dry-cure

method. Treatment 1 will have a composition of 25mL, treatment 2: 50mL, and

treatment 3: 75mL poured into the bath containing the specified fabric. Set the
 20

temperature for 900C for about an hour. Drying and curing will be done in a

spooler at 800C for 5 minute and 1500C for three minutes respectively.

Data Gathering Procedures

Evaluating the product

Administering survey questionnaire

Interpreting and analysing the data

Drawing conclusions and recommendations of the study

Figure 2. Flow chart of the Data Gathering Procedure

Step 1: Evaluating the Product

At this process, the researchers will evaluate the extracts of ginger prepared with

different ratios.

Step 2: Administering the Survey Questionnaire

The actual gathering of data will take place after the researchers sent the letter of

permission for conducting of the study to Mrs. Annalyn Lea Ugalingan, MMBA, LPT, the

Senior High School principal, for approval. Next, the researchers themselves will be the

one to answer the survey questionnaire.

Step 3: Interpreting and Analyzing the data

 21

After extracting the data of the study, the researchers will tally and will organize

the data using Microsoft Excel. The output of the tally or the data that will be gathered will

be analyzed through the statistical tool.

Step 4: Drawing conclusion and recommendation of the study

Lastly, having the results from the analyzed data, the researchers will craft their

conclusion and recommendation.

Data Analysis

The data that will be gathered from the questionnaire will be classified, tabulated,

computed and analyzed using the One-Way ANOVA in producing the final product since

doing so contributes to the well-being of individuals from which the emissions will be

taken off.
 22

LITERATURE CITED

Abubakar, A. R., & Haque, M. (2019). Medicinal plants with reported anxiolytic and
sedative activities in Nigeria: A systematic review. Istanbul Journal of Pharmacy,
49(2) 92-104.

Ageless Allure Medispa (2018).“The Benefits of ginger For Skin” https://agelesslluremedi

spa.com/the-benefits-of-ginger-for-skin.

Ali B. H, Blunden G, Tanira M. O, Nemmar A. 2008. Some phytochemical,

pharmacological and toxicological properties of ginger (Zingiber officinale
Roscoe): A review of recent research. Food Chem Toxicol. 46(2):409-20.

Baria Z. (2016) “Use the Benefits of Finger for Your Skin”. Colombia. ETimes
Entertainment. https://m.timesofindia.com/life-style/beauty/Use-the-benefits-of-
ginger-for-your-skin/amp_articleshow/52122541.cms..

Barrat B & Reynolds J. ‘Best Alternatives to Wet Wipes: Eco-friendly options you need
to know about’. ES Best Home Publication.

Bhatti, A. (2020) “Ginger and Garlic for Beauty: effective Home remedies For Gorgeous
Skin and Hair”. NDTV Convergence. Retrieve from
https://swirster.ndtv.com/beauty/ginger-and-for-beauty-effective-home remedies-
for-gorgeous-skin-and-hair-223607

Broadwith P., (2016) “Explainer: Are ‘flushable’ wet wipes really flushable?
https://www.chemistryworld.com/news/explainer-are-flushable-wet-wipes-really
flushable/1017594.article.

Budania R. (2018). Aloe Vera Benefits for Skin. https://pharmeasy.in/blog/9-aloe-vera-

benefits-for-face-skin/.
Butler, (2020) Aloe vera: 8 Health benefits.
https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/318591

Casas-Sanchez J. (2007) “Wet wipes with Natural Antimicrobial Agent”, Patent

Application Publication, No. US 2007/0141127Al,

Country Living (2019). “Eco-friendly Wet Wipe alternatives. Hearst UK national

magazine Company. London.

Das, S. (2010) Fibres and fabrics used in home textiles https://www.sciencedirectcom/to

pics/engineering/bamboo-fiber.

Devaki E. (2019) “Natural Antibacterial Finished Wet Wipes”. IJRASET Publication 26

September 2020.
 23

Disposables and Nonwowens Association (EDANA) Guidelines for Assessing the Flush
ability of Disposable Nonwoven Products. INDA Publication, North Carolina,
USA..

Drugs.com (2020). Antibacterial Wet Wipes with

Aloe.https://www.drugs.com/otc/107743/antibacterial-wet-wipes-with-aloe.html.
Emedco (2013). “The History of Wet Wipes”. https://www.emedco.com/blog/safety-
security-solutions/the-history-of-wet-wipes-1968.

Fibre2fashion (2007).‘Bamboo-The most eco-friendly fabric on Earth”. https;//www.

fibre2fashion. com/industry-article /3842/benefits-of-bamboo-fabric.

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