Professional Documents
Culture Documents
ru
OBJECTIVES
PLAYING BY THE f u n c t io n s : talking about
permission; following and giving
RULES
simple instructions
gram m ar: be allo w ed to / let]
third conditional
vo c a bu la r y: discipline;
consequences and reasons
шшя
W ork with a partner. W h o has b Our parents don’t let us leave the dinner table before
stricter rules in their life? everyone has finished.
с I make sure that I tidy my room every weekend,
4 Look at the pictures with the article on the d You can’t ask a question unless you put your hand up.
next page. In what way did these children
have a hard life? W ork in pairs. Think of more rules (at
least one each) for the four areas: personal, family,
5 iL 1>Шм Read and listen to the article. Under school, society. W h at is the punishment for breaking
each picture write Creek, Aztec or both. your rules?
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B*Hard*tirries to be a kid
■ '
jB I'm not allowed to stay out late.'
‘Why do I have to do my homework before I can
P j watch T V ? '
'My parents never let me go to parties.'
'Why is it just Mum and Dad who make the rules?
Г Life's just not fair.'
: D o t h e s e c o m p l a i n t s s o u n d f a m ilia r ? W e il, if y o u t h i n k
У й your ' s h a r c */ y o u m ' § h t l i k e t o t h i n k a b o u t k i d s
Щ in a n c i e n t t i m e s . F o r s o m e o f t h e m , life w a s re a lly h a r d .
If y o u w e r e b o r n in a n c ie n t G r e e c e , y o u w e r e n 't e v e n
t h o u g h t t o b e a real p e r s o n u n til y o u 'd b e e n a liv e f o r
fiv e d a y s . T h a t's r ig h t - f o r fiv e d a y s a f t e r y o u w e r e
b o r n , y o u r p a r e n t s w e r e a ll o w e d t o g e t rid o f y o u . If
t h e y d e c id e d t h e y d id n 't w a n t y o u , th e y 'd ju st leav e
||| y o u o u ts id e s o m e w h e r e t o d ie. O f c o u r s e , y o u m ig h t
Ш g e t lu c k y a n d s o m e o n e e lse m ig h t p ic k y o u u p , b u t
t h e n y o u 'd s p e n d t h e r e s t o f y o u r life a s t h e i r sla v e .
p | H o w e v e r , if y o u r p a r e n t s d e c i d e d t h a t t h e y w a n t e d
*• • y o u a s p a r t o f t h e fam ily , t h e n t h e r e w a s a sp e c ia l
I' % c e re m o n y to w elco m e you.
O n ly th e b o y s w ere allo w e d to g o to sc h o o l. G re e k
g irls sta y e d a t h o m e , w h e re th e ir m o th e r s ta u g h t th e m
sk ills lik e c o o k i n g a n d w e a v i n g - t h i n g s t h a t w o u l d
h e lp th e m fin d a h u s b a n d .
A t th e age o f seven, so m e b o y s w ere sent aw ay to
H v e r y stric t m ilita ry s c h o o ls , w h e re th e y w e re ta u g h t
у h o w t o b e c o m e s o ld ie r s . L ife w a s p r e t t y h a r d a t t h e s e
sc h o o ls. F o r e x a m p le , th e k id s w ere o fte n h u n g ry .
T h e te a c h e r s d id n 't let t h e m h a v e m u c h f o o d - f o r a
re a so n . T h e y w a n te d th e b o y s to learn h o w to su rv iv e
Р * .г f o r t h e m s e l v e s b y s te a l in g f o o d . B u t if t h e y g o t c a u g h t ,
th e y w ere pu n ish ed .
< A z t e c c h i ld r e n in C e n t r a l A m e r i c a a ls o h a d a d iffic u lt
life in a n c i e n t t i m e s . If t h e y b r o k e r u l e s , t h e y c o u l d
e x p e c t s o m e p re tty n a sty p u n ish m e n ts.
O n t h e g o o d s id e , A z t e c s reaiiy b e lie v e d in t h e
i m p o r t a n c e o f s c h o o lin g . In th e h o m e , c h ild re n le a rn e d
p r a c tic a l sk ills: d a d s t a u g h t t h e i r s o n s h o w t o fis h a n d
fa rm w h ile m o th e r s ta u g h t th e ir d a u g h te rs h o m e -
A m a k i n g sk ills. G ir ls a n d b o y s a ls o w e n t t o s c h o o l
( a lth o u g h th e a d u lts d id n 't let t h e m g o t o th e s a m e
тЩ. sch o o ls].
K i d s w e n t t o s c h o o l s c a l l e d telpochcalli. T h e y h a d
K : le s s o n s a b o u t h isto ry , re lig io n a n d m u sic . T h e b o y s a lso
jr h a d l e s s o n s in h o w t o fig h t. If t h e c h i ld r e n w e r e f r o m
f a m o r e i m p o r t a n t f a m i l y , t h e y w e n t t o a calmecac
l y w h e re th e y lea rn e d h o w to re ad a n d w rite , to o .
A t b o th s c h o o ls c h ild re n h a d to b e o n th e ir b e st
щ. b e h a v i o u r . T h e y k n e w all a b o u t t h e p u n i s h m e n t s f o r
b e h a v i n g b a d ly , a n d life w a s h a r d e n o u g h a n y w a y .
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GRAMMAR VOCABULARY
be a llo w e d to I le t Discipline
1 Look at the example sentences. Then complete 1 Match the phrases 1-6 with the definitions a-f.
the rules with be allowed to and let.
1 to do what you’re told
1 I'm not allowed to stay out late. 2 to behave well
2 M y parents never let me go to parties. 3 to get punished
3 For five days after you were born, your parents 4 to break the rules
were allowed to get rid of you. 5 to get into trouble
4 The teachers didn't let them have much food. 6 to get told off
• Form this with subject +2_________ (not) +allowed f to be made to do something you don’t want to
to + 3__________ It is a passive construction. do because you did something wrong
W e use 4_________ when the subject of the 2 Complete the sentences with phrases from
sentence is (or isn't) giving the permission. Exercise 1, above. Sometimes there is more than
• Form this with subject +5_________ + [person] one possible answer.
+verb.
1 My sister Claire breaks all the school rules, so she
always gets___ _____
2 Rewrite the sentence using the words in brackets. 2 Kenny always.......... in class. The teacher thinks
0 My parents don't let me go out on school nights. he's perfect.
(I / allowed) 3 His Mum and Dad would be a lot happier if
sometimes he__________
I'm not allowed to go oat on school nights.
4 My little brother Stan is really naughty. He's always
1 I wasn’t allowed to go to the party.
getting
(My parents / let)
5 Julia's a rebel. She likes
2 My mum didn’t let me walk to school on my own
until I was 12. (I / allowed) 6 If I don’t behave well, I usually get__________
3 W e aren’t allowed to text in class. (The teacher / let)
3 Which of the children in Exercise 2 do you think
4 My dad lets me play his electric guitar. (I / allowed) these pictures show?
5 M y sister is allowed to stay up until 11 pm on
Saturday nights. (Dad / let)
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12 P L A Y I N G BY T H E R U L E S
LIS TE N IN G F U N C T IO N S
1 Q f f i H Listen to Sam talking about a game Following and giving simple instructions
called rock, paper, scissors. W hich object or
1 Think of a simple game you like to play that
animal does each of these hand positions show?
needs two or more people. Answer the questions
and make notes.
The ancient game
of mushi-ken • What do you need to play? Dice? Cards?
5*2
6
5
4
3
■ T R A IN TO TH iN K
Play rock, p a p e r, scissors
1 W h at do you think these hand positions could
represent?
6 How often do the world championships of the 3 Think of a hand position for each of the things.
modern game take place? 4 Explain your game to your partner and play it.
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R E A D IN G
1 Read the results o f a contest carried out by a fiction writing website. M atch the pictures with the stories.
F - I a l x J ! www.FabFiction.co.uk/7fy8d73m
Small is beautiful. So every week we invite our readers to send us their (very) short stories.
Each story must be exactly 50 words, not a word more, not a word less - just like this introduction.
(Words like ‘didn’t ’ count as one word.) And then we publish all our favourites!
1 The sign clearly said ‘Don’t feed the seagulls’. 3 ‘Never, ever go into the abandoned old house at the end of the
Maybe if the seagull had been able to read, road.’ That’s what all the parents told their children. One day
it wouldn’t have flown down and stolen my Jack decided to find out what the mystery was all about and
sandwich. Unfortunately, it couldn’t read. went into the house. Now there’s a new mystery in town: what
It flew down and it stole my lunch. And that’s exactly happened to Jack?
why I’m still hungry. Can I have a cheese
4 The big sign at the park gates said: ‘No ball games. No cycling.
sandwich, please? Please?
No skateboarding. No picnics.’ We stood and looked at it for
a long time. ‘Let’s go in anyway,’ I said. My friend replied: ‘No
2 ‘If we had run, we wouldn’t have missed the
way! No fun!’ I smiled. ‘No problem!’ I said, and then took down
train,’ she said angrily.
the sign.
‘I don’t like following your orders,’ he
replied, as the 10 pm train was leaving the 5 If I hadn’t listened to my mother, I wouldn’t have got into
station. ‘We’ll get the next train.’ trouble. ‘Always tell the truth,’ she said. So when Miss Green
‘That’s no problem,’ said the guard asked me why I was yawning, I told her the truth - 1thought
standing nearby. ‘It leaves at eight o’clock the lesson was really, really boring. Now I’ve got to explain all
tomorrow morning. Good night.’ this to the headmaster.
2 M atch the stories (1-5) to the titles. 4 W h ich o f the stories are these people talking about? Do you
W rite the numbers. There is one title agree with them?
you w on't need. a 'Sometimes it’s a good idea not to tell the truth.’
a W h e re can we play? b 'I would never go into a place like that.'
b A long wait c 'It’s his own fault that he had to wait.’
c A question with no answer d 'W e need to find a way to keep birds away from people.’
d A game with no rules e 'It’s crazy for public places to have so many rules.’
e Birds don’t read
5 Choose one o f the rules below and use it as a topic
f Trouble at school
for your own 50-word short story.
3 Each o f the stories actually has 52 • No running in the school corridors.
words. Find tw o words that you
• Please pay for your food before you eat it.
can take out in each one. (There are
• No swimming in the lake.
always more than tw o possibilities!)
• If you’re the last person to leave the room, please turn off the lights.
• No talking during the examination.
• Please don't come in unless you are properly dressed.
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12 P L A Y I N G BY T H E R U L E S
GRAMMAR VOCABULARY
Third conditional Talking about consequences
Read the example sentences and answer the and reasons
questions. Then complete the rules.
1 Match the conversations with the pictures. W rite
If we had run, we wouldn't have missed the train. the numbers 1-4.
1 Did they run? Did they miss the train?
If I hadn't listened to my mother, I wouldn't have
got into trouble.
2 Did he listen to his mother? Did he get into trouble?
a I wouldn't have passed the test, В Yes. It’s because of my bad grades at school.
1 Each picture is about a strange law. W h a t do you think the law is for each picture?
O n e person is not breaking a strange law. Can you guess which one?
G e o r g i e ’s b l o g s p o t Weird Laws
The other day someone told me about a very strange law in their country, so I decided to look for more
‘weird laws’. When a country brings in a law, it makes sense at the time. Sometimes, however, the law just
stays, even when the reason for it has gone.
A lot of different places have laws that we might think are strange. I decided to give you a quiz. Read each
law and choose which place (A, В or C) you think the law is from.
H a v e fun! (The a n s w e rs are at the bottom , upside down.)
■I I n .. .............. , stealing an alligator is against the 4 It is illegal to ch ew gum in __________ . If you are
law. If you steal one, you could end up in prison caught, you m ay have to pay a lot of m oney - and
for as long as ten years. clean the streets!
A South Africa В Louisiana, U S A C Brazil A Singapore В Sam oa C Switzerland
2 In _____ , if you own a sofa, you can put it 5 In _ , apparently, yo u ’re not allowed to ride
anywhere you w ant - except in the garden. T hat’s a bicycle in a swimming pool.
a crime! A Holland В Argentina C California, U S A
A Rio, Brazil В Colorado, U S A
6 If yo u ’re walking on the beach in _ ...........__ and
C Kyoto, Ja p a n
find a dead whale, you c a n ’t keep it. You have to
In _ _ ........... _ , if the owner of a w o m en ’s hair salon give it to the queen or king right away.
lets som eone fall asleep under a hair dryer, they A Thailand В Spain C Britain
are breaking the law.
"7 In __________ , a law says that before you start your
A Britain В Florida, U S A C France
car, you have to ch eck that there are no children
asleep underneath it. (W hat if there are adults?)
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12 P L AY I NG BY T H E RULES
4 Е23ЭИПИ Which of the laws do you think is the funniest? Compare with others in the class.
5 VOCABULARY There are eight words and phrases in bold in the texts. Match them with these meanings.
1 doing something that is not allowed _________ 5 arrive (in a place or situation) because o f something
2 with the top part at the bottom __________ you did __________
3 have something that is yours __________ 6 a place where criminals are put and they cannot
W R ITIN G
A set of rules
1 Martha wrote a set of rules for her house and her 3 Find the phrases and sentences in Martha's rules
family for weekends. What does she say about: that show she isn’t 100% serious.
1 food? 5 her sister?
4 Choose one of the sets of rules to write about.
2 sleep? 6 school and teachers? Make notes about what you want to include in
3 her room? 7 TV? the rules. (You don't have to be serious, but don't
4 homework? 8 herself? be unkind!)
• A set of rules for your family for the weekend.
2 Put the words in the correct order to make
sentences from Martha's rules. What do the • A set of rules for your family for the school
sentences tell you about how she feels about holidays.
homework, her sister and football? • A set of rules for you and your family when you go
out together (e.g. to the cinema or to a restaurant).
1 allowed / ask / no one / me / is / homework / about
• A set of rules for you and your family when you go
/ to
somewhere on holiday together.
• A set of rules fo r... anything you like!
2 all / isn’t / she / at / room / come / allowed / into /
to / my 5 Write the set of rules you chose in Exercise 4.
Write about 150-180 words. Give them a title.
3 watch / no one / programme / time / at / other / can Add some drawings if you want to.
/ any / that
about school or te a c h e r s .
i. Between seven o'ctock on F rid a * evened a n d nine o'clock on S u n d a * e v e n » ,,, no one со
' * u » e d to a sk me about Homework. (A t otHer tim es, th e * can И ф me c f trie* w a n t.)
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C A M B R I D G E E N G L IS H : Preliminary
IT rtiN K EXAMS
R E A D IN G
Part 1: Three-option multiple choice
1 Look at the text in each question. W h at does it say?
Choose the correct letter A, В or C.
The puppies
Free to a good home. We have six
gorgeous Labrador puppies ready for A can be taken home now.
collection in two weeks. Interested in В don’t cost anything.
one or two? - Phone Jane on 0203023 C can all go to the same person.
LISTEN IN G
Part 2: Multiple choice
2 Ш Ш You will hear a girl called Lucy talking on 3 How did Lucy feel when she did the forecast?
a T V breakfast show. For each question, choose the A very excited
correct answer A, В or C.
В excited and a little bit worried
1 To enter the competition, Lucy had to
C very nervous
A m ake a v id e o o f h e rs elf and th en p h o n e so m eon e.
4 W hat was the weather like in the forecast Lucy gave?
В w rite a le tte r an d p ractise re ad in g th e w e a th e r
A There was a variety of types of weather.
forecast.
В It was mainly good for most of the country.
C explain w h y she w a n te d to w in in a le tte r an d send
C It was cold and snowy.
it w ith a v id e o o f herself.
5 W hat job does Lucy want to do one day?
2 What time did Lucy do her weather forecast?
A She'd like to be on TV.
A th re e o'clock
В She'd like to read the weather.
В fo u r o'clock
C She wants to be a teacher.
C five o'clock
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TEST YO URSELF U N I T S 11 8c 12
VOCABULARY
1 Complete the sentences with the words in the list. There are two extra words.
encouraged because because of explains fun told
expected reason warned trouble funny behaved
GRAMMAR
2 Complete the sentences. Use the correct form of the verbs in the list.
go ( x 2 ) l allow ] let | not eat (x2)
1 I __________to the concert if I’d had a ticket.
2 I wanted to go, but my dad didn't me.
3 You would have been OK if you_________ a second hamburger.
4 W hen I was little, I wasn't to watch T V after eight o’clock.
5 If I’d known it was fish, I it.
6 If everyone to the party, we’d have had a lot more fun.
F U N C T IO N A L LA N G U A G E
4 W rite the missing words.