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OBJECTIVES
COUNTS
gram m ar: past simple vs. past
continuous (review ); used to;
second conditional; / wish
v o c abu lary: direction and
movem ent; science
R E A D IN G
1 Look at the pictures. Say what each one shows.
Picture 3 is electricity.
1 Electricity and fire are discoveries. The other things 1 W h at did Newton think about when he saw the
are inventions. W hat's the difference? apple fall to the ground?
2 Which of the six things above do you think is the 2 W hat did Archimedes see when he got out of the
most important? W h y? bath?
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8 i SCIENCE C O U N T S
MIKE HORNBY'S V O G PA G E
W h y a re n 't p e o p le m o re in te re s te d in science?
Welcome to my blog, where I write about the things
that really interest me! This week I want to talk a bit
about science, scientists and science stories.
Let's start with Newton. We all know the story, don't
E U R E K A !
we? Back in about 1666, Isaac Newton was visiting his
mother one day and was walking around in her garden.
He sat down under an apple tree and started thinking.
(Newton was always thinking about something, that's
what scientists do.) So, he was sitting and thinking when
an apple fell out of the tree and hit the ground beside
him. (Some people say the apple fell on his head, but who
knows?) And Newton thought about why things fall down
and not up or sideways. And he got the idea of gravity.
Com pare your ideas with others in the Internet the telephone medicines the fridge
the class.
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L IS T E N IN G
W e can use used to +verb to talk about things
1 Look at the pictures. In which picture can that happened regularly in the past but not any more.
you see • In the positive, we say1used/ use to +verb.
1 apple seeds? 3 a plug in a socket? • In the negative, we say didn't 2used/ use to +verb
2 the moon? 4 a hose? • For questions, we say Did [you] 3used/ use to +verb
P ro n u n cia tio n
The /ju:/ sound
Turn to page 121.
3 они Listen again. Answer the questions.
1 When the teacher was a girl, why did she think
she might get ill during the night? FU N C T IO N S
2 W h y did Sarah use to look at the moon for hours?
Talking about past habits
3 W h y did Sarah laugh at the moon?
4 W hy didn’t Alex’s grandfather use to step on wires? 1 Think about life when you were much younger.
5 W hy did Martin's family eat lots of apples?
W rite five things that you or others used to do
or believe.
6 W h y was Martin afraid to eat apple seeds?
GRAM M AR
used to
1 Complete these sentences with the words in the
list. Then choose the correct words to complete
the rule. Work in small groups. Talk about the
things you wrote. W ho has the funniest story?
do be laugh plug eat
1 Every night I used to ....... ...... something into all When I was little I used to think that there was a
the electrical sockets. person inside the post box who took the letters.
2 Did you really use to _________ that, Miss?
3 I used t o ..... ......... at the moon and call it names. My brother and I used to hide in my sister’s
4 He used to „ ..... ... ... scared of standing on a wire. closet and then jump oat and scare her when
5 I didn’t use to _________ the seeds. she opened the door.
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R E A D IN G
Think of something that doesn't
exist yet but that you would like to have or
to see. Compare your ideas with a partner.
I'd like to see a machine that can take We asked you, our readers:
you. anywhere in the world in seconds. ‘What scientific advance or discovery
would you like to see in the near future?’
2 A web forum asked readers to do the same
Here are some of your answers.
task as Exercise 1. Look at the pictures.
W h a t things do you think the forum readers
It w o u l d b e g r e a t if t h e r e w a s s o m e k i n d o f p e t r o l
suggested?
w e c o u l d u s e in c a r s t h a t d i d n 't p r o d u c e a n y p o l lu t io n .
3 Read the forum. Check your answers to
I g u e s s th e re a re s c ie n tis ts rig h t n o w try in g to d o th a t,
a n d I h o p e th e y s u c c e e d , b e c a u s e th e w o rld w o u ld b e
Exercise 2.
a m u c h c l e a n e r p l a c e , w o u l d n ’t i t ? Charlie
4 Read the forum again. Then write the I f I c o u l d c h o o s e a n y t h i n g , I’ d g o fo r a tim e m a ch in e
names of the people described in these so th a t I co u ld g o b a c k a n d d o s o m e th in g s d iffe ren tly .
statements. O f c o u r s e t h a t ’s i m p o s s i b l e - b u t w o u l d n ’t i t b e g r e a t i f
0 This person thinks about our planet. C harlie it w a s p o s s i b l e ? I w i s h I c o u l d g o b a c k in t i m e t o w h e n
I w a s a kid a n d n o t s a y s o m e o f th e th in g s th a t I really
1 This person might be a bit lazy.
d i d s a y ! Hannah
2 This person worries about sick people.
W ell, o f c o u r s e , t h e b e s t t h in g s a r e c u r e s f o r re a lly
3 This person wants more time.
b a d d is e a s e s . E v e ry o n e th in k s a b o u t c a n c e r, a n d
o f c o u r s e i t ’s t e r r i b l e , b u t a l o t o f s c i e n t i s t s a r e a l s o
4 This person wants to go back in time.
w o rk in g v e ry h a rd to s to p m a la ria - a n o th e r terrib le
d i s e a s e t h a t a f f e c t s m il li o n s o f p e o p l e all o v e r t h e
w o r l d . S o if t h e y f o u n d a c u r e f o r m a l a r i a , o r a w a y o f
■ T R A IN TO THiNK c o m p l e t e l y p r e v e n t i n g it, l if e w o u l d b e e a s i e r in
s o m a n y p l a c e s . Bruna
Using criteria
4 I w ish th e re w a s a m a c h in e th a t did h o m e w o rk !
1 Here are the five ideas from the forum. W o u l d n ’t t h a t b e f a n t a s t i c ? B u t I g u e s s t e a c h e r s
Put them in order 1-5: 1 = the most useful, w o u l d n ’t b e v e r y h a p p y . Georgina
5 = the least useful. I t h i n k it w o u l d b e g r e a t if t h e y i n v e n t e d a p ill o r
a a fuel that doesn't pollute s o m e th in g s o th a t y o u o n ly h a d to s le e p fo r o n e o r
b a time machine t w o h o u r s e v e r y d a y . T h e n w e ’d a l l h a v e m u c h m o r e
tim e to d o th in g s a n d to e n jo y o u r s e lv e s . L ife w o u ld
c a cure for malaria
b e b e tte r, I th in k , a n d e v e r y o n e w o u ld d o a lo t m o r e
d a machine to do homework
w i t h t h e i r l i v e s . Morris
e a pill to sleep less
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! 8 : SCIENCE COUNTS
GRAMMAR / wish
Second conditional Read the sentences. How are they alike?
Complete these sentences with the phrases in 1 I wish I could go back to when I was a kid.
the list. Are the sentences about real or imagined 2 I wish there was a machine that did homework.
situations? Find more examples of the second
conditional in the web forum and underline 6 Complete the sentences with the correct
them. verb form.
would be would go for wouldn't it be 0 The bus isn't here. I wish the bus w as here.
was found could 1 W e aren't a good team. I wish w e __________
1 If they _ ______ a cure for malaria, life a better team.
easier in so many places. 2 I can't go home. I wish I __________go home.
2 If I __ ___choose anything, I __________ a time 3 ITs raining. I wish it __________raining.
machine. 4 They are making so much noise! I wish they
3 great if it possible? so much noise!
2 Now complete the rule. ЕЕПЕЗЗШЗ W ork in pairs. W hich person in the
pictures is thinking which thing from Exercise 6?
(More than one answer is possible.)
W e use the second conditional to talk about
the consequences of an unreal present action or a Bb Cc
1a probable/an improbable future action.
• Condition clause: if+ 2___________ simple.
• Result clause:3___________ / wouldn't (would not)
+verb.
The condition clause can come before or after the
result clause.
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1 Look at the photos. W hat things can you see in each one?
Great scientists
1 Galileo (Italy, 156 4 -1 6 4 2 )
Galileo - his full name was Galileo Galilei - is sometimes called
'the father of modern science'. He was a scientist, mathematician
and astronomer (someone w ho looks at the stars and planets).
W hen he was alive, telescopes were still quite basic, and he
made many improvements to them.
О
ONLY U SE IN C ASE
button unless there is a
serious problem.
C Only shop staff can
school sports day from
Saturday to Sunday.
Please see this notice
board for further
C There is a chance the
sports day will still take
place on Saturday.
OF EM ER G EN C Y press the red button. information.
_________ 2_________ /
W R IT IN G
Part 1: Sentence transformations
2 Here are some sentences about science. For each question, complete the second sentence
so that it means the same as the first. Use no more than three words.
5 I don’t enjoy science fiction, and Jim doesn't enjoy science fiction.
I don't enjoy science fiction, and____________________Jim.
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VOCABULARY
1 Complete the sentences with the words in the list. There are two extra words.
experiment up and down away towards hire near
research long cure next later draw up
1 Sorry, I can't come and see you for a couple of weeks - but how about the week after____ ________ ?
2 I got scared when the dog started running_____________me.
3 I'm going to do an _____________ to see if my idea works.
4 I think we should_____________ a list of all the things we've got to do.
5 I can't talk to you right now. Could you please phone me back___________ _today.
6 It's my brother's 18th birthday next week, and we're going t o _____ _____ a band to play at the party.
7 She's got a serious disease, and the doctor says there’s n o _______ for it.
8 I'm going to do some_____________ on the Internet before I write my essay.
9 She was very late! I got a bit nervous and started walking _ _ __ ____ __ _ outside the cinema.
10 W e ’re hoping to buy a bigger flat in th e ____________ future. I BE
GRAM M AR
2 Complete the sentences. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form or write the missing word(s)
in the space.
FU N C T IO N A L LA N G U A G E
4 W rite the missing words.