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2
Accurately predicting 5G NR mmWave coverage
Map of existing LTE sites 3D model of buildings 3D model of foliage
Example: San Francisco
Actual
Tx & Rx Propagation & Sites & Terrain & Measurements
Inputs Other Losses Antennas Building Data
Validation
Signal strength
Link budget MAPL Planning Tool prediction Coverage
Development Fading or other losses Setup SINR & spectral Prediction
efficiency estimation
1 Equivalent Isotropically Radiated Power; 2 Includes Rx noise figure of 5.7 dB; 3 Additional gains and losses include receiver effective antenna gain, hand loss, body loss, lognormal shadowing; 4 Peak throughputs achieved in
actual deployments would be lower based on the DL:UL TDD configuration used in the network 5
Establishing link budget and RF propagation model
Example of high-level 5G NR mmWave link budget for indoor deployment
5G NR mmWave link budget Cell edge data rate
Based on target 0.4/0.1 bps/Hz DL/UL spectral efficiency4
28 GHz downlink indoor coverage
Total EIRP1 / 100 MHz 52.0 dBm
Downlink 320 Mbps
Receiver Sensitivity -82.6 dBm2
Total Additional Gains & Losses 11.2 dB3 160 Mbps
Additional crowd loss 8 dB
40 Mbps
Maximum Allowable Path Loss (MAPL) 115.4 dB
100 MHz 400 MHz 800 MHz
1 Equivalent Isotropically Radiated Power; 2 Includes Rx noise figure of 5.7 dB; 3 Additional gains and losses include receiver effective antenna gain, hand loss, body loss, lognormal shadowing; 4 Peak throughputs achieved in
actual deployments would be lower based on the DL:UL TDD configuration used in the network 6
Performing actual measurements to develop accurate models
Modeling tuning using single-tone CW1 for coverage measurements
mmWave antenna
EIRP of 36dBm – 47dBm
per polarization depending
on beam shape
Actual measurements
Signal strength measured
1.5m above ground
Predicted coverage
Coverage from RF planning
tool, with model tuned to match
actual measurements
1 Continuous Wave 7
Empowering the 5G ecosystem Collaborating with global operators
Advanced 5G to demonstrate significant 5G NR
mmWave capacity & coverage
Simulations
1 Compared to Gigabit LTE only with additional 800 MHz spectrum in 28 GHz; 2 Cell edge defined as
0.4 bps/Hz = 320 Mbps for 8x100 MHz channel bandwidth 8
26 / 28 GHz 39 GHz
Median Downlink
2.2 Gbps 1.5 Gbps 2.7 Gbps 2.4 Gbps 2.7 Gbps 2.0 Gbps 2.2 Gbps 1.5 Gbps 1.2 Gbps
Burst Rate (Gbps)
US City 1 US City 2 Korean City 1 Hong Kong Japan City 1 Russia City 1 Europe City 1 US City 1 US City 2
Suburban deployment
Cost effective provision of fiber-like
performance
Fiber backhaul
10
Co-siting with existing
LTE sites to achieve
significant coverage
80% of buildings with 1.6 Gbps
downlink, 150 Mbps uplink
1 Using 10 story buildings with 4 families per floor in this cluster and assuming 11
a 50% penetration with typical activity factors seen for DL and UL usage
5G NR mmWave fixed wireless access for urban city
Example: Metropolitan city in Latin America
▪ ~7 square km with dense urban morphology
▪ ~10m average building height with 90% buildings lower than 30m
▪ 149 LTE/5G NR mmWave small cells with ~300m ISD1
Personalized experiences
exclusively at the venue
Following your favorite player on the field Personalized on-demand instant replays
New monetization opportunities
during and after the event
Wireless screens virtually everywhere Watching the event from virtually any seat 14
5G NR mmWave Excellent capacity
solution
is suitable for venue • Better antenna directivity
deployments • Higher spectral efficiency
• Superior beamforming
For example: using the 28 GHz band
Typical mmWave
coverage challenges
not of major concern
• No in-building penetration losses
• Rain and foliage attenuation is
not a factor
• Signal decay likely not significant
for short ranges
5G-NR 16
LTE 38
0 10 20 30 40
# of sectors simulated
5 Wi-Fi APs
Complementing indoor Wi-Fi
deployments ~36k square feet per Wi-Fi AP
1 AP: Access Point and DAS: Distributed Antenna System; 2 LVCC has an
even denser ~1100 Wi-Fi AP deployment 17
LVCC — North Hall
5G NR mmWave External wall
for higher density Heavy concrete, 46 dB loss
> -90
> -100
LVCC — Central Hall
> -110
> -115 Total area
~1.3M sq. ft.
> -120
5G NR mmWave
for lower density
convention centers
Co-siting 5G NR mmWave gNodeB
antennas with existing Wi-Fi access points
> -80
> -90
Co-sited 5G NR mmWave antenna locations
1 Coverage simulation based on MAPL (maximum allowable path loss)
> -100
(each 128 x 2 elements & 16 horizontal beams)
> -110
analysis with ray tracer propagation model and measured material and
> -115
propagation loss; minimum 0.4/0.1 bps/Hz for downlink/uplink data and > -120
control; 2 Maximum Allowable Path Loss; 3 Using 400 MHz DL bandwidth
and 100 MHz uplink bandwidth with 7:1 DL:UL TDD 19
Predicting 5G NR
Catwalk antenna
6 meters above ground,
128 x 2 elements & 16
mmWave coverage horizontal beams
> -70
> -80
> -90
1 Coverage simulation based on MAPL (maximum allowable path loss) > -100
analysis with ray tracer propagation model and measured material and
> -110
propagation loss; minimum 0.4/0.1 bps/Hz for downlink/uplink data and
> -115
control; 2 Including additional crowd loss of 5 dB (13 dB total) due to multiple > -120
bodies blocking in standing crowd; 3 Using 800 MHz DL bandwidth and 100
MHz uplink bandwidth with 7:1 DL:UL TDD 20
Enterprise networks:
Next level of untethering— Instant cloud applications, 5G NR mmWave + Wi-Fi
the mobile office of future instant cloud storage access
Always connected laptops and tablets1
1 Can include AP: Access Point and DAS: Distributed Antenna System 22
5G NR mmWave for
higher-density indoor
enterprise
Co-siting 5G NR mmWave gNodeB antennas
with existing Wi-Fi access points
99% 99%
98% 98%
Downlink
/uplink
coverage
DL UL DL UL
20 sites 14 sites
Downlink
median
Path loss (dB)
> -60
Existing Wi-Fi access point locations burst rate
> -70
— co-sited with 5G NR mmWave antenna
> -80
locations (each 128x2 elements & 16 20 sites 14 sites
horizontal beams)
> -90
> -100
1 Coverage simulation based on MAPL (maximum allowable path loss) analysis
> -110 with ray tracer propagation model and measured material and propagation loss;
> -115 minimum 0.4/0.1 bps/Hz for downlink/uplink data and control; 2 Using 800 MHz
> -120
DL bandwidth and 100 MHz uplink bandwidth with 7:1 DL:UL TDD 24
Office wall Support pillar
~9 ft., dry wall, 3.1 dB loss ~9 ft., dry wall, 3.1 dB loss
5G NR mmWave for
lower-density indoor
enterprise
Co-siting 5G NR mmWave gNodeB
antennas with existing Wi-Fi access points
> -70
> -80
> -90
> -100
1 Coverage simulation based on MAPL (maximum allowable path loss) analysis
> -110 with ray tracer propagation model and measured material and propagation loss;
> -115 minimum 0.4/0.1 bps/Hz for downlink/uplink data and control; 2 Using 800 MHz
> -120
DL bandwidth and 100 MHz uplink bandwidth with 7:1 DL:UL TDD 26
5G NR mmWave for indoor offices — more examples
▪ Coverage1: ~88% downlink, ~88% uplink ▪ Coverage1: ~88% downlink, ~89% uplink ▪ Coverage1: ~95% downlink, ~95% uplink
▪ Median downlink burst rate2: 4.5 Gbps ▪ Median downlink burst rate2: 4.5 Gbps ▪ Median downlink burst rate2: 5 Gbps
Simulations using different office layouts with Wi-Fi co-siting all show similar
level of coverage & performance — densification can expand coverage further
1 Coverage simulation based on 117.3dB UL and 115.4dB DL MAPL (maximum allowable path loss) analysis with ray tracer propagation model and measured material and propagation loss; minimum 0.4/0.1 bps/Hz for downlink/uplink data
and control; 2 Using 800 MHz DL bandwidth and 100 MHz uplink bandwidth with 7:1 DL:UL TDD 27
Higher density deployment
Subway station
Deploying 5G NR
mmWave for
transportation hubs
Co-siting 5G NR mmWave antennas with
existing Wi-Fi deployments1 ~20.7k square feet
Achieve downlink and uplink ~1.6k square feet per small cell
coverage comparable to Wi-Fi
using 1:1 or partial co-site
Lower density deployment
Realize multi-Gigabit median Airport
burst rate with much wider ~161.5k square feet
bandwidths (e.g., 800 MHz)
10 small cells
Complementing indoor
~16.1k square feet per small cell
Wi-Fi deployments
1 Can include AP: Access Point and DAS: Distributed Antenna System 28
5G NR mmWave
for underground
subway stations
Co-siting 5G NR mmWave gNodeB
antennas with existing LTE DAS or
Wi-Fi access points
Departure gates
1 Coverage simulation based on MAPL (maximum allowable path loss) analysis with ray tracer propagation model and measured material and propagation loss; minimum 0.4/0.1 bps/Hz for downlink/uplink data and control; 2
110 dB Maximum Allowable Path Loss (MAPL); 3 Using 800 MHz DL bandwidth with 7:1 DL:UL TDD
Achieving ~100% downlink coverage1,2 and ~4.2 Gbps median burst rate3
30
Showcasing enhanced Advanced Network Simulations
mobile mmWave user Deploying 28 GHz 5G NR mobile mmWave at
Mobile World Congress venue
experiences
For a wide
range of mobile
devices:
Simulation assumes 5G NR mmWave co-siting at actual LTE DAS locations in Fira Gran Via Hall 3,
uses 800 MHz spectrum in 28 GHz, and is based on Qualcomm engineering simulation tools 31
Delivering new experiences with 5G NR mmWave
FSM100xx
32
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