SPRING SEMESTER

2020-2021
ELECTRICITY AND LIGHTING

ARCH425
Section F1A
Project n. 1 : Electricity production following
centrals system and components.
Group 4 Danielle Nehme 201900162
Hosna Hammoud 201901234
Charbel Maalouly 201900815

School of Architecture and Design

Presented to : Dr. Youssef Tohme
Submission Date : Wednesday 3rd March 2021
 HOLY SPIRIT UNIVERSITY OF KASLIK
School of Architecture and Design
Architecture Department
Spring 2021

SEMESTRE: SPRING 2021

ELECTRICAL AND LIGHTING – F1A F05
ARCH 425
SUBJECT: ELECTRITY PRODUCTION – FEB 17 2021
Each team to present a complete research for:
Electricity production following centrals system and components.
1- Hydroelectric power plant
2- wind turbine power plant
3- thermoelectric power plant
.Steam
.Gas
Presentation can include
•Textos
•Photos
•Videos
Submission date: MARCH 3 2021
INSTRUCTOR : Youssef Tohme
SUBJECT
Electricity production following centrals
system and components.
Plan
1 Introduction

2 Hydroelectric power plant

3 Wind turbine power plant

4 Thermoelectric power plant

a. Steam
b. Gas
1 INTRODUCTION
The three major categories of energy for
electricity generation are fossil fuels (coal,
natural gas, and petroleum), nuclear energy,
and renewable energy sources. Most
electricity is generated with steam
turbines using fossil fuels, nuclear, biomass,
geothermal, and solar thermal energy. Other
major electricity generation technologies
include gas turbines, hydro turbines, wind
turbines, and solar photovoltaics.
2 HYDROELECTRIC POWER PLANT
What is it?
It is a method of electric
power generation by means
of conversion from potential
energy of falling or flowing
water to electricity.
Hydroelectric is the most
widely used form of
renewable energy.
Cost
It is relatively low, making it a
competitive source of renewable
electricity. The hydro station
consumes no water, unlike coal
or gas plants. The typical cost of
electricity from a hydro station
larger than 10 megawatts is 3 to
5 US cents per kilowatt hour.
Impact
The construction of a hydroelectric
complex can cause significant
environmental impact, principally in
loss of arable land and population
displacement. They also disrupt the
natural ecology of the river involved,
affecting habitats and ecosystems,
and the siltation and erosion
patterns.
Equation

Water
+ POWER

Gravity
Abundantly available potential for better use
Diagram
 Efficient

The most efficient method of

power generation, more than
80%.

Fast Startup
Advantages
Startup in matter of minutes.

Clean Renewable
Energy

No direct waste and carbon emission

during power generation.
Disadvantages
a. Huge amount of civil works
required to build dam and power
house.
b. Unpredicted power output in
several places due to weather and
season.
c. Turbines are life threatening for
fishes.
Solutions: fish ladder, fish passage
3 WIND TURBINE POWER PLANT
What is it? Cost
A wind turbine, or wind The cost of a wind turbine can be
energy converter, excessive for some utilities. The
is device that convert price tag on a modern wind
the wind's kinetic energy turbine that operates on a utility-
into electrical energy. scale ranges from $1.3 million to
$2.2 million for every megawatt of
installed capacity. Most of the
installations that occur today
involve turbines that produce 2
megawatts at an expense of
almost $4 million/unit.
Impact
-Lowest relative greenhouse
gas emissions, the least
water consumption demands
-The wildlife most likely to be
adversely affected by wind
farms are birds and bats,
who are susceptible to things
such as disturbance, habitat
loss and collisions.
How Does it Work ?
A wind turbine turns wind energy into electricity using the aerodynamic force from the rotor blades, which work
like an airplane wing or helicopter rotor blade. When wind flows across the blade, the air pressure on one side of
the blade decreases. The difference in air pressure across the two sides of the blade creates both lift and drag.
The force of the lift is stronger than the drag and this causes the rotor to spin. The rotor connects to the
generator, either directly or through a shaft and a series of gears (a gearbox) that speed up the rotation and
allow for a physically smaller generator. This translation of aerodynamic force to rotation of a generator creates
electricity.
 Preserves water resources.

Doesn’t produce any particulate emissions

Then, no threat of mercury contamination
reaching streams or lakes.

Creates job opportunities

Surveyors to structural engineers. Industry

positions include assembly workers, turbine
inspectors, meteorologists, and attorneys.

Incredible amount of potential

Advantages 20 times more power available when the
breezes blow ; gives expansion
opportunities in many locations without a
significant investment.
 Efficiency

Operates at an efficiency rate that is

often below 40%. Some onshore
locations are below 30%.

Sound

Wind turbines can be quite noisy.

Unpredictable resource to use

Only turns when the breezes blow. That Disadvantages

means a calm day creates a circumstance
where no energy creation can happen.
 4 THERMOELECTRIC POWER PLANT
How Does it Work ?

The steam is used to drive a

steam turbine in a combined cycle
plant that improves overall
efficiency. Natural gas is
frequently burned in gas turbines
as well as boilers. The waste heat
from a gas turbine, in the form of
hot exhaust gas, can be used to
raise steam by passing this gas
through a heat recovery steam
generator.
Diagram
a. Steam
A thermal power station is a power station in which heat energy is converted to electricity. Typically, water is
heated into steam, which is used to drive an electrical generator. After it passes through the turbine the steam is
condensed in a steam condenser and recycled to where it was heated. The greatest variation in the design of
thermal power stations is due to the different heat.
A fossil fuel steam generator includes an economizer, a steam drum, and the furnace with its steam generating
tubes and super heater coils.
b. Gas

A gas-fired power plant or gas-fired power station or natural gas power plant is a thermal power station which
burns natural gas to generate electricity.

Plant types:

1- Simple cycle gas-turbine

In a simple cycle gas-turbine, hot gas drives a gas turbine to generate electricity. This type of plant is
relatively cheap to build and can start very quickly, but due to its lower efficiency.

2- Combined cycle gas-turbine

CCGT power plants consist of simple cycle gas-turbines, followed by a heat recovery steam generator and a
steam turbine. The most common configuration is two gas-turbines supporting one steam turbine. They are
more efficient than simple cycle plants and dispatch times of around half an hour.
MERCI !