Professional Documents
Culture Documents
READING LEVEL 4
Mã môn học: ENG 266
Chủ biên: Th.S. Lê Thị Khánh Lam
Đà Nẵng, 2018
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Contents Page
Lesson 9: Revision 85
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Lesson 12: Advertisements 116
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CHAPTER 1
CONJUNCTIONS &
PREPOSITIONS
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LESSON 1
Basic points
1
Coordinating conjunctions, also known as coordinators, are used to join
two sentences or two parts of a sentence that are gramatically equal. The
two parts may be words, phrases, or clauses.
4. The only way to get (customers) and (to) keep customers is through service.
5
1. Coordinating Conjunctions
Ex:
Notes:
1. So and for join clauses only. They cannot join words or phrases.
3. And so/ and yet/ and then is the combination of the coordinating conjunction
and with the adverb to make the meaning much clearer.
1. She hates horror films and yet she went to see one anyway.
2
When the subjects in a sentence are joined by and, a plural verb is used. When the
subjects are joined by or, their verb must agree with the subject nearest to it.
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2. Correlative Conjunctions
B as well as A B with A
The subjects connected by correlative conjunctions and the verbs in sentences must
agree in number.
PRACTICE
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A.
B.
1. You can (both/ either/ neither) fax the document or mail it.
4. You have to bring both your passport (and/or/ nor) flight ticket.
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5. Booking a plane ticket online is cheap, (either/ but/ or) you have to do it early.
7. Either Sam (and/or/but) Tom will be sent to the new branch in L.A.
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10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
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Actual Toeic test
5. The training staff was instructed neither to give handouts before the sessions
_________ to distribute the manuals until after the seminar had ended.
6. All of the workers were warned about wearing masks in the laboratory,
_______ half of them ignored the advisory and got sick.
A.yet B. by C. so D. both
7. The new interior design of the office has both increased employee …….
productivity drawn many positive remarks from the clients.
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9. Better product advertising is needed that not only grabs the viewer‘s attention
……… stimulates consumer desire to spend money.
10. Condidates will be considered on the basis of their prior experience _____ on
their level of dedication and loyalty.
11. Your participation in ___________ support of our charity benefit will help feed
the thousands of starving children our company sponsors.
12. The severance request has been processed by the head office, _____ not by the
accounting department as of yet.
13. At the end Sarah‘s first month of employment, the company evaluated
_________ her daily performance and her total month‘s production.
14. This project began almost five months ago________ is expected to be finished
in December.
15. Our store will be refinanced, ______ to save on long-term interest rates and to
ensure a solid credit rating.
16. The company will have performance reviews over the next few weeks, _____
the manager is going to inform all employees of the review process.
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17. The restaurant critic advised patronizing ________ the newly opened Greek
restaurant nor the 20-year-old grilled food eatery.
18. Make sure that not only the agenda ____ the annual report have been put onto
the envelopes for each of the directors as well.
And B. or C. but D. so
19. You can either submit your application by email__________ send the needed
information by post.
20. All new computer technicians should receive _____ and up-to-date training in
the use and maintenance of state-of-the-art equipment.
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LESSON 2
0 Prepositions of Time
The project team leader would like to see us before 5:00 p.m.
Notes:
Notes:
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1. FOR expresses how long something has lasted; DURING indicates when
something happens, meaning from the beginning to the end of a particular
period.
C.
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D.Fill the gap with correct preposition
7. I can pick you up ___________ half past seven. How long does the film last?
10. That's right. But I must hurry home _________ the film. I have to be home
_________ eleven o'clock.
0 PREPOSITIONS OF PLACE
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Identify the prepositions of place in the following examples:
Prepositions Examples
In addition to showing a place, the preposition over/ under/ between/ within/ around
can be used to refer to a state, connection, relationship, etc.
Prepositions Expressions
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Under control
Under pressure
Under investigation
Under review
under consideration
Under discussion
Under development
PRACTICE
A. Choose the correct option given in brackets to complete each sentence
6. The law firm (across/through/ behind) the street will lay off 15 lawyers.
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B.
7. (Above/ at/ on) the table are a laptop, a paper, a calculator, an appointment
calendar, two pens and a muffin.
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8. The woman is looking (at/on/to) her laptop.
0
Prepositions of Direction
Prepositions Examples
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10. Common expressions with from/to/along/across/out of
Besides indicating direction, from also shows who gave the opinion, to refers to a
state, out of is used with the meaning without /beyond the range or limit of, etc. Below
are some common expressions
Prepositions Expressions
PRACTICE
A. Decide which of the choices (A), (B), (C), or (D) best completes the sentence.
1. Subscribers to the online newsletter were informed that their names would be
removed _______ the list if they did not reply to the e-mail asking if they wished to be
retained.
to, toward, on, onto, in, or into. Some sentences may have more than one possible
correct answer. Remember that a few verbs of motion take only "on" rather than
"onto."
6. We drove _____ the river for an hour but turned north before we reached it.
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11. I went ______ the gym.
12. Matthew and Michelle moved the table ______ the dining room.
14. Dr. Karper apologized for interrupting us and told us to carry ______ with our
discussion.
18. The waitress noticed that there was no more Diet Pepsi ______ Marty's glass.
19. Lee and Sarah took the bus that was heading ______ the university.
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C. Choose the correct preposition:
1. We walked (up/down/ over) to the top of the mountain and then we cycled
(through/up/down) to the bottom again.s
6. You must always wear a helmet when you cycle in case you fall (under/off/into) the
bike.
7. The first person to swim (around/over/across) the English Channel was Mathew
Webb, in 1875.
8. He broke his ankle when he was trying to jump (over/ off/under) a hump in his
street.
9. Ferdinand Magellan was a Portuguese sailor who sailed (off/around/over) the world
in the 16th Century.
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11. He was skiing (down/under/around) the hill when he had the accident.
12. I would never do base jumping. I think it's really dangerous to jump
(up/off/through) a building even if you have a parachute.
14. The boat sailed (out of/ along/across) the river up to the sea.
15. Get (out of/up/along) the car now! I have to take you to school.
16. Drivers in the Paris-Dakar drive (down/across/out of) the Sahara desert.
17. Our class walked (on/down/through) a beautiful forest during our last school trip.
18. If you are afraid of heights, don't look (on/down/through) when you are climbing
the mountain.
19. The teacher walked (into/through/up) the class, so we stopped talking and sat
down.
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E. Fill in the blanks with appropriate prepositions.
1. in
2. through
3. on
4. up
1. on
2. to
3. for
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4. at
1. to
2. in
3. of
4. at
1. by
2. in
3. on
4. for
1. away
2. off
3. to
4. out
1. on
2. of
3. in
4. to
1. on
2. at
3. in
4. of
2. at
3. in
4. of
1. of
2. in
3. for
4. to
1. of
2. over
3. in
4. to
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LESSON 3
Prepositions Example
due to Due to the rise in the cost of fuel, all living expenses will increase
owing to
on account of
despite Despite a poor economy, the shop has been doing well.
in spite of
with all
Note:
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Prepositions Example
except (for) I cleaned all the rooms except (for) the bathroom.
excepting
aside from
apart from
without I would have been in real trouble but for your help
but for
in addition to In addition to the new offices, the building has a coffee house on
the first floor.
Note:
PRACTICE
A. Decide which of the choices (A), (B), (C), or (D) best completes the
sentence.
1 . The staff is planning to hold a farewell gathering ____an employee who served the
company for over twenty years.
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(A) by (B) for (C) to (D) from
2. The manager said that____________ any changes, the proposal would be presented
at a special meeting of sustainable development organizations.
3. Interest rates are falling ______a governmental push to raise all mortgage rates for
middle- homeowners.
7. The structure A of B
Usage Examples
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1. Prepositions for drawing people's attention to a particular subject
about on over
as to as for
concerning regarding
2. We take pride in complying with all regulations with regard to food safety.
PRACTICE
A. Decide which of the choices (A), (B), (C), or (D) best completes the sentence.
2. Dr. Wilson will attend the workshop to moderate a panel discussion _____ ethics of
new medical technology.
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0 Other Prepositions
3. Other Prepositions
Prepositions Examples
throughout Heavy rains have increased the water level behind dams throughout the
country.
without Headphones will enable you to listen to the music without disturbing
anyone.
like Like jogging, walking should have a steady and continuous motion.
unlike Swimming, unlike jogging, is ideal for any age or physical ability.
against Some consumers have campaigned against the use of furs in luxury
clothing.
following Following the conference, the banquet for the delegation will be held.
plus The newly launched mobile phone has all the same features plus digital
music capabilities.
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4. Common expressions with by/ through / with / without/ against /beyond
Prepositions Expressions
PRACTICE
A. Decide which of the choices (A), (B), (C), or (D) best completes the sentence.
1.Dayton Electronics recommends that all customers keep their receipts ______ proof
of payment.
2.Companies can save hundreds on airfares _________ computer linkups which allow
for international meetings without leaving the office.
3.Employees expressed content with their salaries and working hours _______ the
exception of those in packing, who requested a pay increase.
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B. Correct the underlined prepositions in the following sentences.
5. The company reduced the cost of making its products for a new process._____
9. According the article, there will be many job openings this year.__________
10. Many things were said concerns the recent changes at the company. __________
1. The meeting (as/on/for/with) the interest rate will be held this Tuesday.
3. (Regarding/ Excluding/ In spite of/ Regardless of) age and sex, anyone can apply
for the job.
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LESSON 4
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& COLLOCATIONS WITH PREPOSITIONS
1. Verb + Preposition
Ex:
They have only a few days left to comply with new regulations on factory
safety. The public associates the company name with trust and reliability.
2. Adjective + Preposition
3. Noun + Preposition
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influence on regarding
Ex: The client has a question regarding the arrangements for the trip.
Of and Others
Ex: Fred Sumner will be giving the speech in place of Mr. Trent, who is down
with the flu.
PRACTICE
1. Decide which of the choices (A), (B), (C), or (D) best completes the
sentence.
2.Education for Children, Inc. has always been an advocate _____ effective
early education through home- and school-based programs.
3.Ms. Turner asked us to use the original design for the product display ____
the one submitted by the team.
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2. Choose a correct option for each sentence.
1. The country has suffered from little investment (over/ until) the past year as
a result of poll instability.
2. (Due to/Except for) rising oil prices, import prices went up by 16 percent in
August.
4. Requests for assistance via e-mail or live Internet support are only monitored
(since /during) regular hours of operation.
7. (Aside from /Long since) the acquisition costs, the manager anticipated
additional costs for operational and restructuring expenses.
8. A recent report said consumer prices could exceed 4 percent on the end of
the year.
10. Guests can put their valuables in the hotel‘s safety deposit boxes for
safekeeping.
11. Until approximately twenty years, the national debt is forecast to jump to
four trillion dollars.
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12. In observance for Labor Day, all US exchanges will be closed on Monday,
September 6.
14. The expansion project will be completed since December 15 and will be
eligible for sales tax exemption.
1. First, look for the preposition or noun given before or after the gap. Then,
choose an option that forms a collocation.
2. Next, put it into the whole sentence to see if it suits the context and the
meaning of the sentence. Last, decide the answer choice.
Requests for vacation time must be submitted _________ writing at least two
weeks in advance.
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Morris Marina, the head of the small business software division, will be
traveling to New Mexico tomorrow to attend a conference. As he will be gone
for the whole of next week, he has designated his next in ________ , Hillman
Avenger, to be in charge of the division's business during his absence.
Common Collocations
01 in reply
In spite of sending several e-mails of complaint to the customer service department, the customer still
hasn‘t received a single message in reply.
02 of one‘s choice
Payments can automatically be deducted from the bank account of your choice
03 in preparation for
All computer should be put in boxes in preparation for our to the new office space.
04 in advance
Reservations must be cancelled at least two weeks in advance to be eligible for a full refund.
05 in an effort to do
In an effort to promote new line of products, Edu-toys created a television advertising campaign.
06 in a timely manner
As the human resources department has received many resumes, all applicants will be contacted in a
timely manner.
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07 on arrival
On arrival, all passengers are required to go through immigration and passport control.
08 in combination with
This tablet, when, taken in combination with aspirin, will lower blood pressure and strengthen
immunity to infections.
09 to the point
10 out of print
Out of print =be discontinued (if a book/,magazine, etc,is out of print, it is no longer being published)
This book is currently out of print; however, there might be some used copies available online.
11 in celebration of
The department store is offering a 30 percent discount this week in celebration of their 30th
anniversary.
13 subsequent to
Subsequent to = following
Subsequent to the introduction of cost-cutting measures, expense accounts are being monitored.
14 as a result of
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Many factories had to close as a result of new licensing regulations.
15 in exchange for
The company offered workers higher salaries in exchange for reduced health benefits.
Out of one‘s reach: away from the distance that can be touched
Ensure that blades for this razor are stored out of the reach of children.
17 to capacity
The theater was filled to capacity every night of the week –long performance.
18 at the latest
In order to reserve a tennis court at the Fairfield Fitness Centre, you should register by next week at
the latest.
19 in search of
At one’s earliest convenience: as soon as one can (commonly used in business contexts)
21 to an absolute minimum
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Without notice: without warning or announcement
The prices listed in the catalog are effective until further notice.
No one is allowed beyond this point, with the exception of authorized security personnel.
24 in one‘s absence
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Part 5
(A) requirement
(b) decision
(c) explanation
(d) convenience
02 All prices listed on the company website are effective until further
_________
(A) notice
(B) mark
(C) bulletin
(D) statement
(A) at
(B) to
(C) in
(D) near
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A to
B than
C of
D over
A out of
B away with
C up until
D without
A. through
B. with
C. by
D. in
A. election
B. choice
C. referral
D. option
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08 The department store offers the latest fashion apparel in a _______ of
colors, ranging from light tints to dark shades
A. crowd
B. type
C. pack
D. variety
A. as
B. about
C. beyond
D. of
A. for
B. from
C. on
D. out
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Part 6
Notice to Employees
11 A. of B.at C.by D. on
during their absence, please make sure to operate the machinery ________in
order to avoid injury or seek assistance from a manager using the machines.
Be sure to allow the technicians full access to your work station so that they
can complete their work.in the event of any other unexpected issues that may
delay productivity, report them immediately to the supervisor.
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58
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Common collocations with Nouns
01 technical description
The report is a technical description of the new equipment needed for our
research laboratory.
02 apology for
Please accept our apologies for the delay, and we hope you have a pleasant
flight.
03 signs of wear
The hotel facilities were out of date and had started to show signs of wear.
04 contribution to
Ms. Milson is very involved with community pro-grams and makes frequent
contributions to local charities.
This collocation refers to the department which takes care of unpaid debts.
Accounts payable
Accounts receivable
Reimbursements for travel expenses will be paid out by the accounts payable
department.
07 discussion on
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The public relations officer arranged for a press conference and discussion on
company‘s new medical breakthrough.
08 office efficiency
Fuel efficiency
Production efficiency
Office efficiency
09 preference for
Recent studies showed customer‘s preference for booking air tickets online.
10 media coverage
Media coverage of the new product launch helped raise the brand‘s profile.
11 obligation to
Have no obligation to
Guests have no obligation to pay for their bill until the final day of their stay at
the hotel.
12 attendance records
Employees‘ attendance records are confirmed each month before paychecks are
issued.
13 mastermind behind
Mastermind behind something refers to the person who comes up with all
strategies/details/plans for an important event.
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Mr. Grieves is the mastermind behind the candidate‘s new campaign strategy.
14 problem with
15 safety precaution
Safety precaution to action that are done to keep safety. Precaution is a count
noun, so the indefinite article a is used if it in the singular from (a safety
precaution). Another common collocation is fire precautions which refers to
action that are done to prevent fire
16 baggage allowance
This collocation means the weight of suitcases or bags that you are allowed to
take onto an aircraft.
17 performance appraisal
18 time constraints
Due to time constraints, the staff will continue the discussion tomorrow.
19 a from of identification
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A from of identification is necessary to collect the package at the post office.
20 taxes on
The revenue Department decided not to impose extra taxes on rice import.
21 system failures
Due to repeated system failures, the current computer operating system will be
changed.
22 confidence in
23 commitment to
Commitment to + noun
24 staff productivity
Labor productivity
The bestselling book talks about innovative ways to improve staff productivity.
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Part 5
02 The store's website charges local sales tax __________ all items purchased
by individuals living in the state of Indiana.
03 Beginning next week, the bank will require two of identification when
cashing checks and making withdrawals.
04 The office furniture at Solar Company established ten years ago has recently
begun to show signs of ___________ and age.
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08 Before your flight takes off, make sure the compartments have been securely
closed.
Part 6
In our rapidly modernizing world, more and more shoppers prefer to purchase
everyday items by credit card more than any other method. As a result, credit
card consumers have become increasingly vulnerable to fraudulent transactions.
But due to the efforts and innovative vision of Monica Hynde, the mastermind
____________ a new, remarkably secure identification chip, shoppers will soon
be able to make easier and safer purchases.
Her team of top researchers took two years to develop the technology, based on
a small chip which contains the cardholder's personal information. Strict
standards were followed in developing this unit, to ensure with __________ the
government's privacy regulations. The mechanism identifies
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12 (A) tolerance (B) compliance (C) application (D) reliance
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LESSON 5
REVISION
1. The company anniversary party will take 8. The data will be posted on a secure password-
place _______August 26, so please mark the protected server that is accessible exclusively
_________authorized staff members.
date on your calendars.
(A) for (B) within
(A) in (B) at
(C) to (D) over
(C) on (D) for
2. The innovative website allows a traveler to 9. Country Air offered free tickets to every
search and find locations of interest that lie passenger that missed their flight _____a
______ a fifty-mile radius of the city.
malfunction in the plane‘s engine.
(A) among (B) within
(A) owed to (B) thanks for
(C) into (D) through
(C) resulting in (D) because of
3. We need not remind everyone here today that 10. Employees who are planning to extend
mobile phones and pagers should be turned off holiday vacations with unused leave days must
while the symposium is ________ progress. inform their supervisors _______ October 31.
4. The BCN Company will not accept 11. Human resources personnel are trained to the
applications for transfers to overseas branches differences ______ a resolvable conflict
_______ the first of the month.
and an irresolvable confrontation.
(A) by (B) when
(A) upon (B) about
(C) until (D) through
(C) during (D) between
5.The Travel Holiday Group offers some of the 12. We are holding a dinner this evening to
best horseback tours______the coast of congratulate Mr. Brian Banks _____his thirty
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the Eastern Mediterranean basin. years with the Meyers Cold Cuts Company.
6. The workshop teaches managers and 13. _______the last ten years, professional and
employees how to dispute someone else‘s ideas
business services comprised 38 percent of the
_______ being disagreeable.
total job growth in the Washington region
(A) except (B) without
(A) In (B) On
(C) whereas (D) otherwise
(C) Since (D) While
7. The director wants all of the items shipped by 14. As always, we here at Gray Consulting look
the end of the week, _____ of the cost. forward ______ assisting you with your
(C) to (D) on
15. The company‘s payroll office is located 18. It would toe better for business if we were
_________ the corner of Faribault and 23rd associated _____some of the trade officers
Streets, across from the Trade Center.
at the embassy.
(A). at (B) in
(A) to (B) on
(C )of (D) to
(O) with (D) for
16. Wage works Corporation is planning to lay 19. Teen magazine is offering a special
off as many as 1000 employees _____ the promotion, which entitles subscribers ______
gifts certificates at top clothing boutiques.
next two years.
(A) in (B) on
(A) at (B)by
(C) to (D) at
(C) until (D) over
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17. Whatever your security needs, Armed Guard 20. The manager hopes to increase production
provides 24 hours ______ constant protection ______ introducing bonuses for all employees
and service to our clients. who improve their production quota.
are taking action to attract customers, offering them a wide range of options. PACIFIC
Air with their spectacular _______ project are focusing on speed, safety and
innovation to increase revenue.
They have purchased five more double-deck jets and have refurbished their existing
carriers with ______ sofas, personal computers with DVD and game playing
functions. Extra security measures
include buttons under armrests which report directly to security officers in the cockpit,
and a personal phone system to make calls and speak with the flight staff. PACIFIC
Air aims to attract families and groups of four or more through these added features.
70
Choose the word or phrase that best completes the sentence.
1. _________we were all tired, we had to go on because it was much too late.
(A) Since
(B) Although
(C) However
(D) If
2. They met to discuss the possibility of a joint project; _______ they failed to
come to an agreement.
(A) however
(B) therefore
(C) so
(D) but
3. Both he _______ his wife were satisfied with the location of their new house.
(A) or
(B) nor
(C) and
(D) so
4. I like neither this tie that tie. Could you show me another one?
(A) or
(B) nor
(C) and
(D) so
5. ________ I was visiting the Grand Canyon, I bumped into one of my friends
from Japan.
(A) While
(B) During
(C) For
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(D) Because
(B) However
(C) Because of
(D) Because
7. _________ that he Is bright for his age, I think he is a little too young for this
class.
(B) Despite
(C) Despite of
(D) In spite of
8. It seems that after ________to persuade Jane, he decided to try her mother.
(A) failed
(B) failing
(C) a failure
(D) fail
9. I‘m sure he can remember the details _______ given enough time.
(A) if
(B) since
(C) upon
(D) until
10. Sound travels at 330 meters per second, ________light travels at 300,000
kilometers per second.
(A) as
(B) whereas
(C) as long as
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(D) provided
(A) applications
(B) applicants
(C) applying
(D) applied
(A) save
(B) saving
(C) safe
(D) safety
(A) Even
(B) Well
(C) But
(D) Though
(A) that
(B) what
(C) once
(D) if
15. From now ______, we‘ll help you the best we can.
(A) to
(B) as
(C) since
(D) on
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Choose the best word or phrase for each blank.
―Die duties of this position include working with spotters, translators, computer
technicians,
--- clients to oversee the addition of Japanese subtitles to films. At least three
years‘
1. (A) with
1. and
2. also
3. since
experience in the subtitling industry is a must for all applicants. The working hours
for this
position are flexible, - there will be some compulsory overtime. Candidates need to
be
4. (A) so that
1. despite
2. but
3. whenever
able to work well under pressure -- this is a stressful job, especially when working
on
4. (A) since
1. even
2. although
3. regarding
projects scheduled for worldwide simultaneous release. Interested applicants should
submit a current resume and cover letter to RapidTitles by December 15lh.
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Questions 4 through 6 are based on the following email.
To: subscribe@pcland.co
From: hwindsor@royalnet.co
Subject: Subscription Date: March 23 2006
Dear sir,
I have subscribed to PC Land magazine for two years. My subscription expires
every January,
............ my subscription fees are automatically taken from my bank account by
direct debit. This is
4. (A) because
1. since
2. also
3. and
a method I chose .....it is very convenient and allows me to continue receiving my
magazine.
4. (A) but
1. however
2. since
3. although
Unfortunately, I have not received a single issue of PC Land so far this year. I
telephoned customer services at the end of January, and they said I would receive
my January issue with
my February issue. ......, I have received nothing, and it is almost the end of March.
4. (A) Despite
1. Although
2. However
3. And
Please sort out this problem, or I will need to ask for a refund.
Sincerely,
Harold Windsor
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CHAPTER 2
NOUN CLAUSES &
ADJECTIVE CLAUSES
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LESSON 6
NOUNS CLAUSE
Basic Points
4. In a sentence, a noun clause can come in the position of the subject, object, or
complement.
Ex:
What she read comes in the position of the subject of the first sentence. In the second
sentence, that he is innocent comes in the position of the object of the verb know. In
the last sentence, whether he is telling the truth comes in the position of the subject.
In a sentence, a noun clause can come in the position of the subject, object, or
complement.
Ex:
Whether you are bored or entertained is the object of the verb tell. It is formed by
the noun clause conjunction (whether) + subject (you) + verb (are).
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What makes him happy comes in the position of the subject of the sentence. It is
formed by the noun clause conjunction (what) + verb (makes).
Noun clause conjunctions include that, if/ whether, interrogative words who, what,
which, when, where, how, why, and compound relative pronouns whoever,
whatever, whichever, etc.
1. In a sentence, a noun clause – just like a noun – can come in the position of the
subject, object, or complement.
Object of a preposition The group talked about how the accident occurred.
Complement The problem is who will bring a car for tomorrow‘s trip
2. Prepositions and object pronouns cannot come in the position of a noun clause
conjunction.
Ex:
The committee agreed that the next meeting would take place in Geneva.
TOEIC questions
Decide which of the choices - (A), (B), (C), or 2. The banking industry reported _______
(D) – best completes the sentence. the past year saw a 10 percent increase
in international wire transfers.
1. The company‘s press relations officer
confirmed ________ Selectric, Inc. would no (A) about (B) this
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longer be manufacturing pagers. (C) on (D) that
1.A noun clause introduced by that can come in the position of the subject, object of a
verb complement, or appositive in a sentence.
Complement The best thing about this guitar is that it stays in tune.
Ex:
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fact that statement that opinion that truth that
Ex:
The radio commentator announced the news that oil prices would increase.
The entire company was surprised by the report that their factory would have to shut
down.
Toeic Questions
Decide which of the choices (A), (B), (C), or (D) best completes the sentence.
1. _______ Alice Diaz was willing to work over the weekends to ensure the success of
the ceremony is evidence of her devotion to her work.
2.Mr. Forster was convinced ______ his decision to sell his shares had been the right
one when the value of the stock plunged the next day.
3. During the meeting, the manager referred to the rumor ________the business was
losing money.
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III. Noun Clause Introduced by If/ Whether
1 Both the conjunctions if and whether (or not) are used when the noun clause
is formed from Yes/No question. In a sentence, a noun clause introduced by
if/whether can come in the position of the subject, object, or complement.
Object of a preposition I can‘t answer the question of whether or not computers can
think
Notes:
The clause starting with whether can also function as an adverb clause, meaning it is
not important if…
IF or WHETHER?
81
3 An if-clause can come neither in the position of a subject nor after a
preposition.
IF or WHETHER?
2. The if-clause cannot come in the position of the subject, so if must be changed
to Whether.
3. IF or WHETHER?
The if-clause cannot come after the preposition, so if must be changed to whether
TOEIC questions
A. Decide which of the choices - (A), (B), 2. She is still thinking about whether
(C), or (D) – best completes the _____ to boost the office‘s computer
sentence. systems with the latest software
programs.
1. Ms. Owen still isn‘t sure_______ she
will open a production plant in South (A) or (B) or not
America to cut down the cost of labor.
(C) and (D) and not
(A) if (B) thought
3. The committee is still deciding about
(C) however (D) while ______ to allocate funds for monthly
training sessions for employees.
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B. Choose the correct option given in brackets to complete each sentence.
2. The manager has not decided (that/if) he will hire more workers.
5. (That/If) she made such a critical mistake during the presentation was shocking.
1. I don‘t know (but/ and/ if/ because) he has enough money to invest in the stock
market.
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LESSON 7
Ex:
Ex:
Ex:
1. The child will ask when she can start piano lessons.
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2. Where I found the book is a secret.
Ex:
Toeic Questions
Decide which of the choices (A), (B), (C), or (D) best completes the sentence.
1. The manager wants to know _______ prepared the employee profiles for the
company website, as he finds them unprofessional and inappropriate.
2. To make preparations for the event, the caterer asked _______ many people would
be present at the dinner.
3.The company‘s lawyer will know _______ to do in this situation, so let‘s make an
appointment to see him.
85
II. Noun Clause Introduced by a Compound Relative Pronoun
Subject Whoever (= anyone who) answer the phone was very polite.
Notes:
You can give the box to whoever (-> to whomever) you want.
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2.The compound relative pronoun is the subject or object of a noun clause, so an
incomplete clause follows the compound relative pronoun.
Ex:
Ex:
The sentence refers to anyone who did it, not someone in particular, so
whoever is more suitable.
The sentence refers to any side that the other person is not using, so whichever
is more suitable.
The sentence means among several sides, I have chosen one specific side, so
which is more suitable.
PRACTICE
Decide which of the choices (A), (B), (O), or (D) best completes the sentence.
1 ._________ is said at this very private meeting is confidential and should not leave
the room for any reason.
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(A) Whichever (B) Whatever
3. _______ team of sales representatives has the highest number of units will receive
the Team of the month award.
Ex:
88
PRACTICE
5. The president was not pleased with the proposal _______ the manager made.
Toeic Questions
Decide which of the choices (A), (B), (C), or (D) best completes the sentence.
2. Implementers understand _______ they cannot use company funds earmarked for
project expenses on rest and recreation.
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4. This is _______________ we know about the current economic situation.
2 It is not certain (whose / which) of the representatives will be sent to one of our
important clients.
3 Investors are afraid (that/what) the war on terror will cause stock shares to
plummet.
4 They questioned her regarding her skills instead of (if/whether) she had the
appropriate experience.
7 He was of the opinion (that/which) the marketing team needed a new leader.
Identify the noun clause and state its position in each sentence.
8 Suppliers will have to decide when the time is right to make a change.
9 How the company manages to stay afloat with all its debt is a mystery.
10 The motorists were concerned about what roads had been blocked due to the
accident.
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11. New office chairs are what the receptionists have requested numerous times.
12 The company was founded on the idea that quality service should be provided to
everyone.
14 The fact is that some exports will have to be cut back because of inventory
shortages.
ACTUAL TEST
Part 5
91
(C) when (D) whichever 11. Next week‘s workshop will focus on
_________ to be an effective and trustworthy
04. The major issue we face is the fact
leader in the corporate world
_______ within the next month our
spending will exceed the budget. (A) which (B) how
(C) rather than (D) what 12. A key to closing a deal is to realize
________ knowing how to negotiate means
05. As the manager of the hotel, I can
having a sense of how people think and feel.
assure you that ________ room you
choose will be of the highest standards. (A) so that (B) in that
(C) this (D) that 14. Although staff members have some
leeway when it comes to daily activities, the
07. ______ Doctor William will give a
supervisor determines ________
speech at the Remond Hotel remains
tasks get done by whom.
undecided.
(A) when (B) whoever
(A) about (B) before
(C) what (D) whose
(C) whether (D) it
15. The new employees wondered ... 18. The chairman of Rochelle Petrochemicals
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they would be given health care and some is of the opinion ______ the new
benefits. manufacturing plant will not significantly
affect the environment.
(A) whom (B) if
(A) then (B) that
(C) that (D) what
(C) how (D) when
16. Martin‘s job is so demanding ...
he takes occasional three-day leave to get 19. We will be holding a meeting this
away from the pressures of office work. afternoon to decide ______ needs to be revised
before the report goes to print.
(A) that (B) there
(A) what (B) those
(C) what (D) where
(C) whether (D) there
17. leaves the office last will
be required to make sure all the lights are 20. For those who have made an investment,
off and lock all doors behind them. ________ happens during the first year is an
important indicator of how successful the
(A) who (B) whom
company will be.
(C) whose (D) whoever
(A) that (B) as
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Part 6
This is in reply to your letter of complaint dated September 25. We credited your
account for t amount which you disputed in your communication. However, one of
our employees later gave another credit for the same situation. Could you check
__________ you have the correct amount
your account? To remedy the problem, we have ______ the extra amount. The
adjustment should
be reflected in your October account statement, which was sent out yesterday.
We _________ apologize for our mistake and any difficulty it may have caused.
EMILY CAMACHO
Senior Accountant
94
LESSON 8
Basic points
Ex:
Who lives next door and where I can get a discount function as an adjective modifying
their antecedents (the woman and a shop). These relative clauses are also called
adjective clauses.
Relative clauses are divided into two types: defining and non-defining.
A defining relative clause is used to clearly define who or what is being referred to.
Without this information, it would be difficult to know who or what is being
mentioned.
95
In the first sentence, the defining clause who are teachers defines the two
sisters. It can be inferred that besides these two sisters, the speaker may also have
other sisters who are not teachers.
In the second one, the non-defining clause who are teachers adds more
information to the two sisters. It can be understood that the speaker has only two
sisters and they are both teachers.
A non-defining relative clause may modify the whole sentence before it.
Ex:
Ex:
1. The reporter met the designer, who is now the company‘s president.
2. The bookstore has a cafe where you can enjoy classical music.
In the first sentence, the antecedent designer is modified by the relative clause
formed by the relative pronoun (who) + verb (is). Who could be seen as conjunction +
pronoun (and he / she).
In the second sentence, the antecedent a cafe is modified by the relative clause
formed by the relative adverb (where) + subject (you) + verb (can enjoy). Where
could be seen as conjunction + adverb (and there).
Relative pronouns include who, whom, whose, which, that; relative adverbs are
when, where, why, how.
96
I.POSITIONS AND FUNCTIONS OF RELATIVE CLAUSES
1. A relative clause can come between the subject and verb or at the end of a
sentence.
Ex:
Note: Unlike adverb clauses, relative clauses cannot come before and modify the
whole sentence.
1. Which is open 24 hours a day. the library is comfortable for reading. (Wrong)
Ex:
1. Fill out the application forms, (those which) are available online.
Ex:
4. Only a finite verb (a verb that is conjugated) can be used in a relative clause.
3. The company will reply only to those who (meeting/meet?) our requirements.
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PRACTICE
TOEIC Questions
Decide which of the choices (A), (B), (C), or (D) best completes the sentence.
1. Most of the products and goods ______ are traded online are sold directly by the
owner.
2. Recently the director released the list of engineers _______ have been nominated to
3. Dietary supplements _______ come from plants generally known to be safe, but
some may interfere with a wound‘s capacity to heal.
1. When the antecedent is a person, the relative pronoun who(m) is used. When
the antecedent a thing or an animal, the relative pronoun which is used.
5. The files which are stacked on his desk are due next week.
98
Note: The relative pronoun that can come in the position of the subject or object of
relative clauses, regardless of the antecedents. However, it cannot come after a
preposition or a comma (.).
1. The baker, (that who) is French, opened a new store in the area.
2. The person with that (with whom) I talked last week is my lawyer.
2. There are three kinds of relative pronouns: subject pronouns, object pronouns,
object relative pronouns and possessive relative pronouns.
Antecedents
Ex:
5. I had to meet with my neighbor, whose dog I have been watching, he students
are writing a report, the topic of which is Korean history.
99
PRACTICE
TOEIC Questions
Decide which of the choices (A), (B), (C), or (D) best completes the sentence.
1. Any Contract _______ is not signed by the members of the Board of Directors
would have no legal power even though its terms may have already been executed.
1. When the noun in the first sentence and the object of the preposition in
the second sentence the same person/thing, the two sentences may be
joined into a complex sentence using the structure Preposition +
relative pronoun.
Ex:
100
1. I ran into a woman. + I had worked with her.
Ex:
Ex:
Ex:
101
The subject relative pronoun in the structure subject relative pronoun + be may be
omitted.
Ex:
2. I want to know the person (who is) responsible for this mess.
3. The park (which is) around my house is open for day use only.
PRACTICE
B. Fill in the gaps with who, which, or whose then answer the questions:
102
B. Fill in the correct relative pronoun. If it can be omitted, put it in brackets.
103
TOEIC Questions
Decide which of the choices (A), (B), (C), or (D) best completes the sentence.
1 - Electronic delivery methods such as e-mail and fax are the most common ways
______ which international communications are made these days.
(C) by (D) of
2. There were more than 100 graduate students in attendance at our internship fair,
many of ______ had prior work experience.
104
(C) eligibly (D) eligibleness
4. The people ____________ names are on the list will receive incentives.
105
Antecedents Relative adverbs
Ex:
Ex:
2. The day when (= on which) he proposed to me was the best day of my life.
Ex:
3. Tomorrow is the last time when we will be able to see each other before you
go.
106
4. That is the boy who broke my window.
PRACTICE
107
B. Fill in the correct relative adverb.
C. Fill on who, which, whose, when, where, or why. Say whether they
108
Toeic Questions
D. Decide which of the choices (A), (B), (C), or (D) best completes the sentence.
1. Any person ________would like to visit the exhibition must have a written
statement of permission from administration.
2.The new shuttle service, ________has been operating since last year, serves all of
the city‘s main stopping points.
109
3. She applied to the company ______ she had previously worked when just out of
university.
1 Mr. Gomez is familiar with Asian culture, (which/they) will help him as the
liaison for Hong Kong.
2 All applicants (which/who) are waiting in line must have their documents
ready.
3 Any staff writer (whose/that) proposal is selected for funding will receive an
all-paid vacation.
110
5 Customers (who/they) wish to sign up for a store membership may stop by the
information.
6 Working for the firm allows you to purchase stock options (which/who) are
offered as incentives.
7 People (whom/whose) names are on the waiting list must call again tomorrow.
8 On your desk is the receipt for the airline tickets where must be picked up
tomorrow.
10 The upcoming workshop is the first one that the company having organized.
12 The main building, that houses the superior officers, has an electronically
monitored gate.
13 The company manufactures diet pills and sleeping tablets, both of them are top
sellers.
111
F. Choose the correct answer:
112
113
LESSON 9
REVISION
2. A conference to discuss the terms of the 9. Enclosed with this letter is a pre-
settlement will be held at a time and place addressee stamped envelope ______to
________ to both parties involved. mail your application for membership to
our club.
(A) acceptance (B) acceptingly
(A) which (B) in which
(C) accept (D) acceptable
(C) what (D) whenever
3 Interpid Travel employed eight certified 10. The company is requesting that high-
agents, all of ________ were trained at the level executives complete a survey
_______ details what their main tasks
same institute in Manhattan.
consist of.
(A) what (B) whom
(A) who (B) why
(C) this (D) their
(C) which (D) where
4. Conference attendees ______ confirm 11. The package ________was sent to Mr.
their attendance early will be eligible for Jones was returned to us when the mail
pre¬assigned seating. carrier could not locate the address on the
shipping label.
(A) whose (B) what
(A) when (B) who
(C) who (D) whom
(C) what (D) that
114
5. At a meeting yesterday, we studied the 12. GasCo sells more than 8 million
most recent budget proposal, _______the gallons of oil a year, half of _______ is
board thinks will help pull the corporation consumed in the United States alone.
out of debt.
(A) many (B) which
(A) whether (B) where
(C) each (D) whose
(C) which (D) that
6. Changes in our organizational structure 13. Please tell the person in charge to let
have created ways for employees to us know _______ the assessment forms
explore opportunities _______ were have been completed by the participants.
previously not available.
(A) when (B) that
(A) what (B) those
(C) what (D) whatever
(C) that (D) there
7. People entering business administration 14 A dinner will take place next Friday to
need a broad knowledge of the culture in honor Richard Perkins, ______ has been a
_____ they will eventually put their great asset to this bank for over thirty
professional raining to work. years.
15. When the director asked ______ 18. The Mother Nature Garden Show,
responsibility the project was, he was told ________ annually demonstrates the
that it was the CEO‘s. newest technology in horticulture, draws
over 5,000 after during its week-long run.
(A) who (B) which
A) when (B) which
(C) whose (D) that
(C) where (D) whose
16. Mr. McKenzie _______has been 19. We are currently seeking a partner firm
working on the campaign longer than _______ marketing principles are similar
anyone else will take charge of the project. to our own.
115
17. Only Speedy Shipping offers a variety 20 An employee ________ performance
of delivery options _______utilize both air during a specified period is satisfactory is
and sea transportation. entitled to a wage increase based on
current standards.
(A) why (B) that
(A) who (B) whom
(C) where (D) what
(C) whose (D) in which
Part 6
From: lcolltns@squaresystems.com
To: rafael@squaresystems.com
Rafael,
The correct date for the press conference is on December 16. In my last
communication, I ___________________
told you that it would be on December 12. I got the date mixed up with an
appointment I have with a reporter from Business Week. You probably already know
that Alan and I ______________ arranged
special bus service between the hotel where the conference will be held and our
offices. This is to facilitate the transport of staff, guests and equipment to the hotel.
I'm trying to verify the name of the delegates _________ will be using the service
to make certain that we have a sufficient number of seats.
116
. Could you send me this list as soon as possible?
117
118
119
COLLOCATION WITH ADJECTIVES
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
CHAPTER 3
READING
COMPREHENSION
DOUBLE PASSAGES
128
LESSON 10
E-MAILS / LETTERS
In Part 7, there are also four sets of two related passages which are called double
passages. For e-mail / letter-related readings, the first is an e-mail or a letter; the
second is possibly another e-mail / letter or an invoice, announcement, etc. which is
related or responds in some way to the first one.
Typical Passages
E-mail & E-mail: An e-mail requests for a change in a meeting schedule and
an e-mail responds to that request.
Useful Tips
Step 1: Identify the key words in the questions to decide which reading you should
first refer to. For double passages which include e-mails and /or letters, the sender's
and recipient's names and the verbs in the questions are usually the key words. You
can then, look at the parts From: ... and To:…… to quickly read the corresponding
reading.
129
Step 2: Look for the first hint related to the key words in either of the readings, then
look for the second hint in the other one and use them both in order to choose the
correct answers.
Reading 1. E-mail
Thank you for your order (05900) dated April 11. Unfortunately, portions of your
order are currently out of stock:
I contacted our supplier, and they informed me that they will be shipping us new stock
within two weeks. I can | send you the items when they arrive, or refund you for the
purchases. I apologize for the trouble.
Reading 2 : E-mail
130
Dear Mr. Trebek,
Thanks for updating me on the status of my order. Actually, send me everything when
it arrives, except the conference room chairs. I will simply order the chairs from a
different company. You can refund the cost of the chairs by providing us with a
company credit certificate. Thanks again.
Reading Practice
Read the following passages and choose the best answer to each question given.
We at O‘Brien Kitchen Supplies received your recent order (#skim338531) for the
following items:
Your credit card will be charged for the purchase, and your order will be shipped
within three business days. If you have any questions, please contact us by e-mail at
cservice@obrienkitchsupplies.net.
To: cservice@obrienkitchsupplies.net
131
1. What is the main purpose of the letter?
(A) Spoons
It was great to see you again in Kuala Lumpur for the trade fair, and I wish I had more
time to speak with you about some of the challenges you are having managing your
company‘s Bangkok branch. Our company is sponsoring the upcoming Intercultural
Office Management (IOM) Conference this June. I am sending you an attachment of
the conference schedule. I think the conference might useful for you, especially
Gordon Ramsey‘s presentation on cultural sensitivity in an office environment. I do
hope you can make it to the conference.
Lilian Chen
The following is a list of events planned for the biannual IOM Conference this June.
Those wishing to attend the conference are urged to contact Delia Lee at
dellee@iom.org.
132
3. What is the day of the event which Ms. Chen recommends to Mr. Chamroom?
I finally managed to find some seats for the flight to Dubai to attend the
manufacturing
Technology convention. Persia Air is fully booked; however, there are three other options you
can choose from.
Arabia Air has the 20 seats we requested, but they are all economy seats. I know you
wanted to book 6 business class seats for the senior management. The flight leaves on
Friday, April 9 and arrives on Saturday. So, you have a day and a half free before the
convention begins on Monday.
The second option is Middle Eastern Airlines. They can provide us with 6 business
class seats and 14 in economy class. They are cheaper than Arabia Air, but the
problem is that there is no direct flight. We will have a 6-hour stopover in Amsterdam,
but the flight arrives on Saturday.
The last option is Aladdin Airways. The prices are less expensive than the other two,
and they can accommodate all our seat requirements. However, the flight arrives at 4
a.m. on Sunday, so that doesn‘t give people much time to rest and prepare for the
convention.
Anyway, please contact me right away because tickets are selling fast, so they need to
133
be booked as soon as possible.
Subject: Flights
Thanks for your e-mail. I know it is not easy to find flights with the convention only
two weeks away. The executives will want business class seats, so we should book our
flights with the airline that arrives on Saturday night. I think we will all need our rest
after such a long trip, and they can provide the seats we need for a reasonable price.
Go ahead and book those tickets, and send me an itinerary when it is done. Also,
please make sure to request seats near the exit or window for everyone's comfort.
Thanks a lot!
134
(C) The convention lasts for two weeks
Date: JV1 ay 4
Subject: Meeting
I know we have a meeting scheduled for Friday, May 7 to discuss your advertising
plans, but I am afraid I will have to postpone the appointment. My team is currently
working on a promotional campaign for Archetype Corp., and they want us to make a
short presentation at that time. Could we meet on Monday, May10 instead?
I am looking forward to meeting with you and going through some ideas for
advertising your product. Also, if you could send me some details about what type of
advertising campaign you are interested in. I could come up with a few ideas before
135
we meet.
1 apologize for this delay and hope to hear from you soon.
Sincerely,
Mary Allen.
136
(B) Meet with her director
(A) May 9
(B) May 10
(C) May 1 1
(D) May 12
137
11. What is the purpose of this letter?
(A) committed
(B) irritated
(C) intelligent
138
(D) mobile
13. What has Alice Newbold done for the past five years?
Find these words and phrases, and guess their meanings „in this memo.
14 authorized
15 submit
(A) give
139
(B) tell about
16. in advance
(B) before
(A) dispensable
(B) expensive
(C) forgotten
(D) necessary
140
(D) By calling Ms. Lee
141
142
LESSON 11
ADVERTISEMENTS
For advertisement-related readings, the first is an advertisement on a
product/service/event or a job advertisement; the second is possibly a non-prose
reading, an article, an e-mail or a letter which asks for more information about the
advertised thing, or an e-mail or a letter applying for the job.
Typical Passages
Advertisement & Non-Prose An advertisement advertises a product and a
Reading: leaflet gives instructions on how to use the
product.
Useful Tips
Step 1: Identify the key words in the questions to decide which reading you should
first refer to.
Step 2: Look for the first hint related to the key words in either of the readings, then
look for the second hint in the other one and use them both in order to choose the
correct answers.
Reading 1: Advertisement
143
Grand Opening of Jewel Hotel‘s Event Hall!
Starting on May 1, Jewel Hotel opens its brand new event hall! Catering, floral
arrangements, and even entertainment can be arranged for a variety of events. As a
special offer to promote our grand opening, we are offering a free three-night stay at
the hotel for two guests when reserving the halt from May 5 to June 5. E-mail us at
reserv@jewel.org for an estimate or reservations.
Reading 2: E-mail
To: reserv@jewel.org
My daughter is getting married on May 19 and we are looking for a facility to hold her
wedding reception. We expect about 120 guests, and would require dinner and floral
arrangements as well. We will provide our own entertainment, but would need the
sound system set up. Could you please send me a rough estimate? If the cost is within
our budget, we would like to make a reservation on that day.
Q: What will Ms. Nicastro probably receive for free if she rents the hall?
Reading Practice
Read the following passages and choose the best answer to each question given.
Interlingua electronic dictionaries are the number one seller on the market. Our newest
model for $129.99 and can be purchased at most electronics stores and travel shops.
For further information, visit our website at www.interlingua.net.
144
OPERATION INSTRUCTIONS: Interlingua Electronic Dictionary (Model IED45,
IED47, IED63, IED69)
1 . Plug the charger into your electronic dictionary. Let the battery charge until
the green light comes on.
3. ―Type in the word or phrase you wish to translate, and then press "enter‖.
4. For a pronunciation guide, press ―select‖ and use the arrow keys to choose
―pronunciation‖.
* Only for IED69: For audio pronunciation, scroll down and select ―audio".
145
Subject: Graphics artist position
4. According to the e-mail, which qualification for the job does Ms. Isley meet?
Royal Indian Cruise Lines recently added three new ships to its fleet. We will be
hosting a recruitment fair to fill job openings created by this expansion. Our managers
and directors will be conducting on-site interviews for the following positions in our
restaurant and food preparation department:
- wait staff
- extent lanners
- head chefs
- assistant chefs
- kitchen staff
146
Royal Indian Cruise Lines offers all employees full medical coverage, competitive
salaries, paid vacations and generous biannual bonuses. Applicants wishing serious
consideration are requested to send us an application package including a résumé,
cover letter, current employment status and a medical history report. Please send these
documents to our main office in Mumbai by February 21.
Personnel Department
Date: February 18
We received the application package you sent us, but unfortunately, it is incomplete.
We received your resume, cover letter and current employment .status. We will
require the additional documents before we can register you for our recruitment fair
and schedule an interview' for you. Please send us this information as soon as
possible. Once we have received it, we will send you an e-mail with a list of available
times for interviews. I have attached a list of specific jobs with this e-mail for you to
go through and select which positions you might be interested in.
147
(B) A cruise line
(C ) A travel agency
(D) A restaurant
(A) sensitivity
(B) mention
(C) notation
(D) attention
148
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only $9.99. On Tasty Tuesday, our head chef whips up a culinary masterpiece of his
own invention and it‘s bound to lie superb. Mouth-Watering Wednesday leaves you
licking your lips because every dish comes with a fresh fruit shake! Order any entrée
off our menu on Terrific Thursday for 60 percent off the regular price! Drop by on
Fantastic Friday and finish your meal with a complimentary dessert. Don‘t miss out on
a chance to awaken your taste buds. Hurry to Buddha‘s Bungalow today!
"‗Buddha‘s Bungalow offers the most abundant lunch specials in town. Choose from a
selection of sizzling curries and tempting noodle dishes, all served with a generous
bowl of rice, a variety of appetizers and your choice of authentic teas. You are
guaranteed to leave full.‖
―Filled with authentic smells, cushions, wall ornaments and trinkets from Southeast
Asia, walking into Buddha‘s Bungalow is like-being whisked away to Thailand.‖
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6. What is emphasized about the food in the restaurant?
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(C) To inform employees of new operating hours
(A) solidify
(B) establish
(C) gather
(D) put
10. On what day does the restaurant require four extra kitchen staff?
(A) On Monday
(B) On Tuesday
(C) On Thursday
(D) On Friday
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11. What kind of work is advertised?
(B) Architecture
(C) Management
(D) Marketing
12. In the letter, the word ―impact‖ in paragraph 2, line 4, is closest in meaning to
(A) effect
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(B) collision
(C) force
(D) problem
13. What requirement stated in the advertisement does Ms. Dankert NOT address?
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14. Where did Kelvin Adams see the ad?
155
(B) In the newspaper
(C) In a shop
(A) 2
(B) 5
(C) 6
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Questions 19-23 refer to the following advertisement and letter
157
20. How far is the hotel from the beach?
(A) 5 minutes
(B) 30 minutes
(C) 1 hour
(D) 2 hours
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(C) A chance to visit a second country
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LESSON 12
LESSON 14
ANNOUNCEMENTS
Typical Passages
Useful Tips
Step 1: Identify the key words in the questions to decide which reading you
should first refer to.
Step 2: Look for the first hint related to the key words in either of the readings,
then look for the second hint in the other one and use them both in order to choose the
correct answers.
Reading 1: Announcement
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Soundbyte Magazine announces its convenient new online advertising registration
service, available at www.soundbyte.org. Advertisement submissions are accepted
until 5 p.m on Fridays for Category A (Non- Profit Organizations and Individuals) and
before 12 noon on Tuesdays for Category B (Businesses). Bates are $5 for Category A
and $25 for Category B. The magazine is out on newsstands Wednesdays for the low
price of $3.
Reading 2: E-mail
For Sale: T4-A high-performance loudspeakers. Compact design and professional sound
quality. Only owned for 6months. Good as new. $1.600 or negotiable.
Please send the billing statement for the advertisement to 283 Moa St, Pt. Chevalier,
Auckland. Thank you.
Reading Practice
161
Read the following passages and choose the best answer to each question given
SPONSORSHIP FORM
Thank you for your generosity and kind support for the Carolina Ballet Company.
Please select which type of sponsorship you are interested in. Patron Benefactor
Total amount of your donation: $490 Method of payment: Credit card Cash
personal check
1 How many performances does the Carolina Ballet Company do each year?
(A) One
(B) Two
(C) Three
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(A) A CD of productions
( B ) Reserved seating
The history department will be sponsoring a study trip to China this year. Students can
enroll for course and receive university credit. The courses are as follows:
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(B) History of the Tang Dynasty
Several presentations and workshops will be conducted during the congress. These
activities are geared toward city planners, and topics will include sanitation
technology, environmental advances, park development and water safety. The
presentations will be conducted by urban planning professionals from all over the
globe. The goal is to help city planners renew their knowledge of urban development.
LOCATION:
The presentations and workshops will be held at the Ramesseum Motel in Cairo, only
five minutes from the convention center where the congress will be held. The hotel
has also agreed to offer a discounted rate on accommodation to those attending these
events.
CANCELLATIONS:
A fee of $50 will be charged to those cancelling by April 3. Those cancelling after this
date will not be reimbursed for their admission fees. Cancellations must be made in
writing.
FEES:
The cost is $300 for full admission to all presentations and workshops. The fee
includes lunch at the hotel.
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To: reservations@ramesseumhotel.net
From: harveydent@regnet.com
The announcement for the events at your facilities stated that your hotel has a special
offer for attendees to the workshops and presentations. Could you please send me the
details of your offer*?
Harvey Dent
1 According to the announcement, who are the workshops and presentations for?
(C) Environmentalists
(A) exchange
(B) apply
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(C) renovate
(D) update
(C) Admission fees are not refunded for cancellations after April 3.
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Location: MMAS event hall
Mr. Khalil is an expert in Middle Eastern film and has made more than twenty movies
in his forty-year career as a director. His film Women at the Well won several
international awards. In addition, Mr. Khalil also spends much of his time offering
advice to new up-and-coming directors.
Following the film, a reception will be held in the museum's gardens at 7:30 p.m.
Guests will have a chance to meet Mr. Khalil as well as several other young film
directors from the Middle East. Reservations for the reception are required. If you
would like to reserve a seat, please contact our public relations manager.
Tickets for this event are $12 for guests and $10 for students. Those wishing to
become members can fill in the enclosed form.
MEMBERSHIP APPLICATION
Membership fees are $120 for individuals and $200 for families. Please fill in the
following information and return it, along with your payment to our public relations
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office.
Name: ………………………………………………………………
Address:………………………………………………………………
Phone number:…………………………………………………
E-mail: ……………………………………………………………
*All members wishing to make reservations for particular events can call our public
relations manager Mark Lee at 555-4323.
(A) An actor
(B) An artist
(C) A filmmaker
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09. What is being indicated about the event February 28?
169
170
11. What is the purpose of the announcement'?
(A) sending
(B) naming
(C) presenting
(D) traveling
14. What is the fee for the course Mr. Koppel plans to attend?
(A) $300
(B) $350
(C) $400
(D) $450
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15. What does Mr. Koppel want to know?
LESSON 13
ARTICLES
For article-related readings, the first is an article; the second is possibly another
article, a non-prose reading, letter, or an e-mail. Mostly, an e-mail responds to the
article.
Typical Passages
172
company having participated in the show.
Useful Tips
Step 1: Identify the key words in the questions to decide which reading you
should first refer to.
Step 2: Look for the first hint related to the key words in either of the readings,
then look for the second hint in the other one and use them both in order to choose the
correct answers.
Reading 1: Article
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Manchester's newest shopping mall will open in March. Katherine Jones, the vice-
president of Brighton Properties, came up with the idea of the shopping center which
blended in with the neighborhood. Jones hired famed architect Mike Douglas to create
the structure, which used components of previously existing buildings to build a
shopping mall. The shopping mall will include 90 stores and a cinema. The grand
opening is scheduled for March 19.
Reading 2: E-mail
I just got back from an inspection of the new Manchester mall. Everything seems to be
going as planned. The only problem I had was with the exterior of the building on
Birch Street. Your architect has used the fronts of existing buildings to develop the
mall. However, the entrance is very small and there is no space for cars to stop. I think
we will need to expand the size of the entrance. Please speak with the architect and let
me know what you think.
Reading Practice
Read the following passages and choose the best answer to each question given.
The UTV network announced Monday that its newest science fiction series. Cosmos
3, will not be launched this fall as previously scheduled. The network gave no specific
reasons for the delay, but did deny that it was caused by budgetary issues. However,
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Kyra Farrell, UTV spokesperson, did confirm that there was a recent cast change for
the actress playing the lead female role. Sources close to the production claim that this
is the primary reason for the delay. Industry insiders claim that the actress dropped out
of the show following several disagreements with the director of the series. Gene
Barry.
After nearly a five-month delay, UTVs new space fantasy Cosmos 3 will premiere on
the network this Thursday night at 8 p.m. Marina Mulgrew was originally cast in the
lead role of Captain Zalda was later replaced by Zoe Nichols early In the production.
However, perhaps the wait was worth it. Cosmos 3 is sure to impress audiences with
its innovative stories and incredible special effects
One of the most recent trends in marketing anti-virus software is offering a trial
version of the program for free. Users can download the software without charge, and
use it for a specified time. After that time is up, they have the option of paying a fee
for continued use of the full version of the program and regular updates for the
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software. AVAGE was the first company to use this marketing tool, now the second
highest seller of anti-virus software around the world. In fact, of the top selling virus
programs, only the eighth bestseller does not provide customers with a free trial
version of their software.
3. Which software company was the first to provide a free trial version?
(A) V-Killer
(B) Bugfix
(C) AVAGE
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Decrease in Amazon Deforestation Is no Reason for Celebration
Recent government reports show that the rate of deforestation in the Amazon basin
has de-creased by nearly 20 percent since the 1 970s. Officials say this is the lowest
rate since 1991. But environmental critics say it is too soon for celebration. Most of
the deforestation is due to construction of new towns, clearing land for soybean fields
and creating grazing land for cattle.
Dr. Sonya Braga from the ministry of the National Institute of Space Research (NISR)
in Brazil says, "At the current rate of deforestation, the Amazon rainforest will be half
its size in just two decades.‖ NISR conducts annual studies of the rainforest by
examining pictures of area taken by satellite.
Since 1 970, the Amazon rainforest has decreased in size by nearly 1 million square
miles. Sot scientists say that one square kilometer of rain forest may contain up to 150
thousand species of trees and plants, not to mention the vast array of animal life and
insects. Although advances are being made in slowing down deforestation, more
protective measures are necessary to guarantee the safety of this world treasure.
Thank you for your article on the deforestation of the Amazon in Green Machine
Magazine‘s May issue. I appreciate you informing the public on this serious problem.
However, there were a few facts in your article that were incorrect.
First, you mentioned that the size of the rainforest has decreased by 1 million square
miles in size since 1970. Actually, it decreased in size by 1 million square kilometers.
Also, you wrote that one square kilometer of rainforest can contain up to 150 thousand
177
species of plants and trees. Your number is correct, but this is ONLY for plants. There
are also 75,000 species of trees.
I just thought you might want to know about these errors. But again, I want to thank
you for doing your part in conserving what is left of the Amazon rainforest, and agree
with your opinion about the area. I look forward to reading your articles in next
month's issue.
Sincerely,
Greg Knight
2 According to Ms. Braga, how long will it take for the rainforest to decrease by
50 percent?
178
(A) To report errors in the article
5 What would Greg Knight and Jan Grady probably agree on?
(A) Government should increase the budget for the rainforest‘s safety.
New York: City-based financial investment firm, Unicorp. finally announced that
Donald Branson will be taking over as senior vice president of the European branch.
The announcement comes after months of speculation as to who would take over the
position after the retirement of Richard Trump, who held the job for more than fifteen
years.
Not surprisingly, Branson has worked as a regional director at Unicorp for the past
179
five years. Financial experts correctly predicted that Trump would find a replacement
within the company.
Date: January 17
Thank you for your message regarding the investors‘ meeting to be held next week on
Jan. 22.
I would like to confirm that I will toe attending the meeting and would like to accept
your kind offer of accommodation at the Printemps Hotel.
As for our personal meeting, you mentioned that you are free for lunch on Jan. 21. I
suggest we meet at the hotel at 1 p.m. Our meeting shouldn‘t take long, as I simply
wanted to go through i few concerns I have about the recent drop in UniCorp stock
value in Europe.
Sincerely,
Ivana Helmsley
180
6 What is the purpose of the article?
(B) In Paris
(D) In London
181
(A) The company policies regarding investors.
Last Wednesday, OrionAir started its training course for flight attendants. The course,
includes four sessions, is for current airline hospitality employees and focuses on
improving in-flight service skills and how to treat first-class passengers. The course
began with a presentation by Abigail Lang, a hospitality consultant from Air Service
Training (AST) with thirty years of experience in the industry. The second session on
Thursday was conducted by a professional event planner, who gave OrionAir's
employees different tips on presentation and display of meals, beverages and other
items in an aircraft.
Ms. Lang will also be leading the final two sessions of the course. She said. "We
encourage all in-flight staff to sign up for the last two training sessions, and hope the
information can provide them will help make their job easier and the passengers more
comfortable." attendees will also receive a free travel bag for participating in the
training course.
I just wanted to thank you for providing such an informative and interesting training
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course. I attended all four of the sessions your company conducted for OrionAir, and
found you to be an exceptional instructor with a lot of experience in our field. You
seemed to understand the problems we face on a daily basis. My colleagues and I
found your ideas and suggestions very useful. You can be sure we will start using your
ideas in our workplace. Finally, we also appreciated the free travel bag very much,
and thank you for this kind gesture.
Sincerely,
Elaine Dickinson
12. In the article, the word "treat‖ in paragraph line 3 is closest in meaning to
(D) react to
183
(D) To offer a suggestion
(A) A pilot
184
When asked why her gardens and landscaping are becoming so popular, Anderson
said, ―I think a garden should be a place where people can relax. You should feel free
to sit on the grass and take your shoes off. I try to create a beautiful and
accommodating atmosphere through my work.‖ She also mentioned that designing
gardens gives her the opportunity to be creative and spend time outdoors. ―The only
drawback is that I don‘t have enough time to spend at home in my own garden,‖ she
added. Anderson says she is still in the planning stages for her next project with Mr.
Johnson, but looks forward to getting started as soon as possible.
I am very excited about working with you again on our second project, and I just
received the plans and blueprints you've drawn up this morning. I am very pleased
with what you have done so far. I especially like the idea for the pond surrounded by
trees. However, I was wondering if we could move it further away from the entrance.
As we will have a lot of traffic through that area, I would like a larger space around
the entrance. Could you keep the design for the pond, but simply move it to the left
side of the building? Let me know if this is OK. You can just write me an e-mail.
Other than that, everything else looks wonderful. Thank you for all your help.
Benny
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(D) To report the opening of a new public garden
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LESSON 14
FORMS
Typical Passages
opinion.
Useful Tips
Step 1: Identify the key words in the questions to decide which reading you
should first refer to.
Step 2: Look for the first hint related to the key words in either of the readings,
then look for the second hint in the other one and use them both in order to choose the
correct answers.
Reading 1: Agenda
187
Blueprint Imaging Services, Ltd.
9:00 a.m. Ordering Quantity & Time Frame Helen Clark: Blueprint Imaging
Reading 2: E-mail
Dear Winston,
Q: Whose presentation had the most impact on Ms. Clark‘s decision to order?
Reading Practice
188
Read the following passages and choose the best answer to each question given.
This is a partial list of our best-sellers. Visit our website for a complete list.
Please fill out the order form and send it in the addressed envelope. PIease, include
$6.50 for regular shipping fees (1 week) or $ 10.50 for express mail (3 days).
I am just writing to say thank you for your company's excellent service and products! I
order New York and Chicago city guides recently and was happily surprised to
receive them after days, even though I only paid for regular shipping. The pictures and
information about the attractions were perfect. I will continue to use them whenever I
travel.
189
01 What museum guide costs the same amount as a Seattle tour guidebook?
(A) $6.50
(B) $10.50
190
3 What performer does Mr. Leach refer to in the review?
(A) At a website
Questions 01-05 refer to the following web contact form and e-mail.
www coolwatersac.com
Thank you for contacting Cool Waters Air Conditioning. Please fill out the following
information and then press the ―‘SEND‖ button on the bottom of the screen. We will
get back to you as soon as possible.
Message:
I purchased an air conditioner from your Maple Street branch last Monday on July 2.
The machine runs, but it seems the fan is not working. Could you please send
someone over to the above address to have a look at it?
191
To: Erica Williams <erwilly@oal.com >
Date: July 8
We received your message dated July 7 concerning the air conditioning unit you
bought on July 2. We apologize for the inconvenience this problem may have caused
you. We received a list of factory defects in Wind's new series of air conditioners
earlier this week:
We will replace the defective parts and send someone over to service your air
conditioner tomorrow. Please let us know what time is best for you.
192
(C) A solution to the customer‘s problem
(A) W-P542
(B) W-P543
(C) W-P602
(D) W-P604
(A) July 2
(B) July T
(C) July 8
(D) July 12
5 In the e-mail, the word ―running‖ in the table, line 3 is closest in meaning to
(A) operating
(B) jogging
(C) organizing
(D) travelling
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June
TOTAL: $221.94
The Fast Silver helmet that you ordered is currently out of stock. We don't expect a
new shipment of them until next month. We tried calling you several times but
couldn't reach you. We have sent along a Terrain helmet which usually retails for
$129.99 but only charged you for the cost of a Fast Silver helmet.
As always, if there is any problem with your order or anything has been damaged,
please contact our service department immediately at 555-7273 or e-mail us at
service@bigwheel.ne. Please have your order number when calling, or include it on
any e-mail.
Date: June 5
I just received my order this morning and unfortunately, there were a few problems.
The Carlucci sunglasses were broken. Also, even though the Terrain helmet is of
greater value, I would prefer waiting for the Fast Silver helmet, as it is a bit lighter
than the Terrain one. I will send back these two items this afternoon. If you could send
194
me a replacement pair of sunglasses, I would appreciate it. As for the helmet, you can
just send me a Fast Silver helmet when your shipment arrives. Thanks for your help.
Sincerely,
Vince Armstrong
6 What does Big Wheel Bikes say about Mr. Armstrong‘s order?
(B) ―They didn‘t charge him extra for a more expensive helmet.
(D) The total price has been charged to his credit card.
9 What requested information did Mr. Armstrong forget to include in his e-mail?
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(C) His contact information
DATE: April 10
I received the billing statement from your company for the recent installation of our
office's new security system. We are very pleased with all the equipment and feel that
our Facilities are now much more secure.
I did have one question about the bill. Your sales representative Kurt Vainar told us
there would be no charge for installation of any equipment we purchased under the
unit price of $100. However, the statement lists a $50 charge for the installation of
items that cost only $70 (Please see the attachment). Could you please contact me
concerning this error as soon as possible? Please call me at (509)555-4678 within the
next two days, as I -will be leaving For my vacation.
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Sincerely,
Nancy Francis
BILLING STATEMENT
Tacoma, WA 99367
Thank you for choosing SHSS as your security service provider. We hope to continue
to supply you with all your security needs. Please contact us at (509)555-4376 or
email us at gueries@shss.net for additional information or questions.
197
11.What type of business is Puget Sound Consulting?
(A) Locks (B) Motion detectors (C) Cameras (D) Security lights
198
REFERENCES
199