Giáo Trình Reading Level 4

TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC DUY TÂN
KHOA TIẾNG ANH
BỘ MÔN: ANH VĂN KHÔNG CHUYÊN
GIÁO TRÌNH NỘI BỘ
READING LEVEL 4
Mã môn học: ENG 266
Chủ biên: Th.S. Lê Thị Khánh Lam
Đà Nẵng, 2018
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Contents Page
CHAPTER 1: CONJUNCTIONS & PREPOSITIONS
Lesson 1: Coordinating Conjunctions & Correlative Conjunctions 4
Lesson 2: Prepositions of Time & Prepositions of Place & Prepositions of 18
Direction
Lesson 3: Prepositions of Reason, Concession, Purpose, Exception, and 29
Addition & Preposition OF and others & Other Prepositions
Lesson 4: Common expressions formed by Verb/adjective/Noun + 34
Preposition & Collocations with Prepositions
Lesson 5: Review & Collocations with Prepositions 52
CHAPTER 2: NOUN CLAUSES & RELATIVE CLAUSES
Lesson 6: Positions of Noun clauses & Noun clauses Introduced by That 59
&Noun clauses Introduced by If/Whether
Lesson 7: Noun clauses Introduced by Interrogative Word & a Compound 64
Relative Pronoun & Distinguishing between What and That
Lesson 8: Basic points of Relative clauses & Positions and Functions of 72
Relative Clauses & Relative Pronouns & Usage of Relative Pronouns and
Relative Adverbs
Lesson 9: Revision 85
CHAPTER 3: DOUBLE PASSAGES
Lesson 10: Emails 96
Lesson 11: Announcements 105

Lesson 12: Advertisements 116
Lesson 13: Articles 125
Lesson 14: Forms 136
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CHAPTER 1
3
CONJUNCTIONS &
PREPOSITIONS
LESSON 1
COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS & CORRELATIVE CONJUNCTIONS
Basic points
1
4
Coordinating conjunctions, also known as coordinators, are used to join two
sentences or two parts of a sentence that are gramatically equal. The two parts may
be words, phrases, or clauses.
1. Use fruits and vegetables that are ripe.
2. The editor is responsible for collecting articles and publishing newsletters.
3. It was raining, so I put on my raincoat.
Repeated words in the phrases or clauses connected by a coordinating conjunctions

may be omitted.
4. The only way to get (customers) and (to) keep customers is through service.
5. They painted the wall and (they) fixed the window.
2 Correlative conjunctions always come in fixed pairs formed by a certain word with a
coordinating conjunction, joining two sentence elements that are grammatically
equal.
6. Tuna is sold as both steaks and fillets.
7. You can make your payment either in person or by email.
8. It depends on neither who you are nor what you know.
1. Coordinating Conjunctions
1 Below are the coordinating conjunctions in English

and or but yet so for nor
5
Ex:
1. Eating should be healthy and enjoyable.
2. I will go camping and canoeing this weekend.
3. There will be a party tonight, for he IS retiring this week.
Notes:
1. So and for join clauses only. They cannot join words or phrases.
2. When we combine two independent clauses, a connecting adverb (however,

therefore, instead) or an ordinary adverb (also) cannot come in the postion of a
coordinating conjunction.
1. I wanted to clear my thoughts, therefore(  so, )I went for a walk.
3. And so/ and yet/ and then is the combination of the coordinating conjunction
and with the adverb to make the meaning much clearer.
2
When the subjects in a sentence are joined by and, a plural verb is used. When the subjects are
joined by or, their verb must agree with the subject nearest to it.
4. My boyfriend and I are going to the concert.
5. I doubt that we or our teacher is going to solve the problem.
2. Correlative Conjunctions
Below are the correlative conjunctions in English
Both A and B Neither A nor B
Not only A but also B Either A or B 6

The subjects connected by correlative conjunctions and the verbs in sentences must agree in
number.
6. Either bus or taxi is available from the airport.
7. Both coffee and tea have long and historic pasts.
PRACTICE
A.
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B.
C. Choose the correct option given in brackets to complete each sentence
1. You can (both/ either/ neither) fax the document or mail it.
2. Mr. Smith was sick, (so/but/ or) he didn’t go to work.
3. This machine is not only slow (but/or/nor) also complicated.
4. You have to bring both your passport (and/or/ nor) flight ticket.
5. Booking a plane ticket online is cheap, (either/ but/ or) you have to do it early.
6. He didn’t like his job, (or/but/so) he quit three months ago.
7. Either Sam (and/or/but) Tom will be sent to the new branch in L.A.
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Choose the correct option for each of the following sentences.
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Làm btap trang 12-18
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14
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Actual Toeic test
1. The Maxwell Byrd Company prides itself on having established modern __________
efficient procedures unmatched in the industry.
A.Either B. so C. and D.too
2. All examinees should bring _________a driver’s license or passport and a pencil to the
testing center.
A.Or B.and C. both D.either
3. To prevent electricity outages in areas where service is not readily available, use major
appliances before noon ______________after 7p.m.
A.neither B. nor C.either D. or
4. If you placed an order, ___________have not received your package, please wait two
months from the day it was shipped before making an inquiry.
A.but B.also C.then D.even
5. The training staff was instructed neither to give handouts before the sessions _________ to
distribute the manuals until after the seminar had ended.
A.also B. nor C. or D.and
6. All of the workers were warned about wearing masks in the laboratory, _______ half of
them ignored the advisory and got sick.
A.yet B. by C. so D. both
7. The new interior design of the office has both increased employee ……. productivity
drawn many positive remarks from the clients.
A.Or B. yet C. like D. and
8. The chief executive is trying to decide whether to assign an individual _____ an entire
team to evaluate last week’s event.
A.So B. but C. or D. nor
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9. Better product advertising is needed that not only grabs the viewer’s attention ………
stimulates consumer desire to spend money.
A.or B. but C.and D. therefore
10. Condidates will be considered on the basis of their prior experience _____ on their level of
dedication and loyalty.
A.Although B. based on C. as well as D. in addition
11. Your participation in ___________ support of our charity benefit will help feed the
thousands of starving children our company sponsors.
A.And B.so C.because D. however
12. The severance request has been processed by the head office, _____ not by the accounting
department as of yet.
A.also B. or C. but D. unless
13. At the end Sarah’s first month of employment, the company evaluated _________ her daily
performance and her total month’s production.
A.Either B. both C. plus D. so
14. This project began almost five months ago________ is expected to be finished in
December.
A.or B. so C. and D. but
15. Our store will be refinanced, ______ to save on long-term interest rates and to ensure a
solid credit rating.
A.either B.both C.neither D.not only
16. The company will have performance reviews over the next few weeks, _____ the manager
is going to inform all employees of the review process.
A.since B.but C.or D.so
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17. The restaurant critic advised patronizing ________ the newly opened Greek restaurant nor
the 20-year-old grilled food eatery.
A.And B.either C.with D.neither
18. Make sure that not only the agenda ____ the annual report have been put onto the
envelopes for each of the directors as well.
A. And B. or C. but D. so
19. You can either submit your application by email__________ send the needed information
by post.
A.or B. and C. nor D.also
20. All new computer technicians should receive _____ and up-to-date training in the use and
maintenance of state-of-the-art equipment.
A.Adequacy B.adequate C.adequateness D. adequately
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LESSON 2
PREPOSITIONS OF TIME & PREPOSITIONS OF PLACE &

PREPOSITIONS OF DIRECTION
0 Prepositions of Time
1. Prepositions that show a point of time

Since from until/by before/ prior to + a point of time (3 o’clock, July, Friday morning,
etc.)
The project team leader would like to see us before 5:00 p.m.
Notes:
1. Until means up to a particular time or event; by means not later than.
The library will be open until 7.
You should submit the report by 7.
2. Below are some common expressions expressing a point of time.
Three weeks from now
Three weeks prior to the date
From 3o’clock onward(s)
2. Prepositions that show a period of time or a duration
She has been using English for ten years.
Pete guided the employees through the training process.
Notes:
1. FOR expresses how long something has lasted; DURING indicates when something
happens, meaning from the beginning to the end of a particular period.
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The mechanic has been working on the project for 2 years.
Countless foreigners travel to Italy during the Christmas season.
2. IN can also precede a period of time, meaning no more than/ within.
Your application for membership will be processed in two days.
3. Identifying a point of time or a duration to use prepositions correctly.

I will have this done (within/by) the end of the month.
We have been married (for/since) two years.
PRACTICE
1. Fill each gap with an appropriate preposition.
1. The construction will be finished ___________ February.
2. The meeting lasted __________5 hours.
3. He founded the organization _______1999.
4. The National Art Gallery will be open _______ May.
5. Every employee has to come back to the office _______ 2p.m.
6. The factory will be closed _______ the Christmas season.
2. Choose the correct option to complete each sentence.
1. You have to pay a deposit (by/until/at/within) 30 days.
2. The annual sales meeting will be held (in/at/on/for) noon.
C.
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D.Fill the gap with correct preposition
1. What are you doing ________ the weekend?
2. I don't know yet. Maybe I'll go to the cinema _________ Saturday.
3. That's interesting. I haven't been to the cinema __________ so many years.
4. We could go there together __________ the afternoon.
5. That would be great. But I would prefer to go there _________the evening. I am visiting
my grandma_________ Saturday.
6. That's okay. The film starts __________eight o'clock.
7. I can pick you up ___________ half past seven. How long does the film last?
8. It lasts ____________ two hours and forty-five minutes.
9. From eight till a quarter__________ eleven.
10. That's right. But I must hurry home _________ the film. I have to be home _________
eleven o'clock.
0 PREPOSITIONS OF PLACE
4. Prepositions of Place
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Identify the prepositions of place in the following examples:
Prepositions Examples
--------------------------- He lifted his hands above/over his head.
------------------ Look in the cupboard below/under the sink.
--------------- I sat down beside/next to my wife.
-------------------- There is a park right behind the building.
------------------------- There’s a table between a and chair a bookshelf.
The midday meal was served between 2 and 4 o’clock.
They walked among the crowds.

------------------------- I like to sit near a window.
------------------- All staff should be aware of activities within the company.
The profit of this year increased within five percentage points

of its competitors.
---------------------- Some of the travelers wanted to walk around the night market.
5. Common expressions with over/ under/ between/ within/ around
In addition to showing a place, the preposition over/ under/ between/ within/ around can be
used to refer to a state, connection, relationship, etc.
Prepositions Expressions
Over Have the edge over
Under Under new management
Under close supervision
Under current contract
Under control
Under pressure
Under investigation
Under review
under consideration
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Under discussion
Under development
Between A difference/ gap between A and B
Within Within a radius of
Around Around the world
Around the corner
PRACTICE
A. Choose the correct option given in brackets to complete each sentence
1. The car stopped (at/into/on) the intersection.
2. The new office is (at/on/over) the third floor.
3. There is a paper shredder (under/between/over) the desk.
4. There are many museums (into/in/at) the city.
5. I saw the notice (on/for/at) the board yesterday.
6. The law firm (across/through/ behind) the street will lay off 15 lawyers.
7. The executive officers walked (along/among/within/over) the corridor.
B.
C.Complete the exercise according to the picture
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1. (In/on/at) the picture, I can see a woman.
2. The woman is sitting (at/ in front of/ on) a table.
3. She is sitting (in/on/at) a chair.
4. There is another chair (across/opposite/ beside) the woman.
5. Her feet are (beside/on/under) the table.
6. The woman is holding a cup (at/ in/into) her hands.
7. (Above/ at/ on) the table are a laptop, a paper, a calculator, an appointment calendar, two
pens and a muffin.
8. The woman is looking (at/on/to) her laptop.
9. The woman's bag is (between/behind/under) the table.
0
Prepositions of Direction
Identify prepositions of Direction in the following examples
--------------------------- The copy can be obtained from the office
------------------ They will send the package to your client
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--------------- We walked across the ice. pass /go past
-------------------- I walked through the woods.
------------------------- Newman walked along the street.
------------------------- I’m leaving for Busan.
------------------- She walked towards me.
We moved all the luggage into the room.

---------------------- I took the key out of my pocket.
6. Common expressions with from/to/along/across/out of
Besides indicating direction, from also shows who gave the opinion, to refers to a state, out of is
used with the meaning without /beyond the range or limit of, etc. Below are some common
expressions
From from one’s viewpoint
To to the relief of to one’s satisfaction to a great
extent
to my knowledge to your heart’s content
along along the shore along the side of
across across the street across from the post
office
out of out of date out of control out of stock
out of room out of reach out of town
out of season out of print
out of paper out of order
PRACTICE
A. Decide which of the choices (A), (B), (C), or (D) best completes the sentence.
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1. Subscribers to the online newsletter were informed that their names would be removed _______
the list if they did not reply to the e-mail asking if they wished to be retained.
(A) to (B) from (C) for (D) of
2. The new highway, which will run________the mountains, is expected to cause irreversible
damage to wildlife and the ecosystem.
(A) through (B) during (C) out (D) against
3. “This product should be kept___________reach of children as it contains many toxic agents.
(A) away with (B) out of (C) up until (D) without
B.Complete the following sentences with the correct preposition:
to, toward, on, onto, in, or into. Some sentences may have more than one possible correct answer.
Remember that a few verbs of motion take only "on" rather than "onto."
1. Anna has returned ______ her home town.
2. The dog jumped ______ the lake.
3. Are the boys still swimming ______ the pool?
4. Thomas fell ______ the floor.
5. The plane landed ______ the runway.
6. We drove _____ the river for an hour but turned north before we reached it.
7. The kids climbed ______ the monkey bars.
8. Joanna got ______ Fred's car.
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9. The baby spilled his cereal ______ the floor.
10. We cried to the man on the ladder, "Hang ______!"
11. I went ______ the gym.
12. Matthew and Michelle moved the table ______ the dining room.
13. Allan left your keys ______ the table.
14. Dr. Karper apologized for interrupting us and told us to carry ______ with our discussion.
15. I walk ______ the amusement park.
16. Pat drove Mike ______ the airport.
17. Glenn almost fell ______ the river.
18. The waitress noticed that there was no more Diet Pepsi ______ Marty's glass.
19. Lee and Sarah took the bus that was heading ______ the university.
20. Mary Sue jumped ______ the stage and danced.
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D. Choose the correct preposition:
1. We walked (up/down/ over) to the top of the mountain and then we cycled (through/up/down)
to the bottom again.s
2. We both jumped (up/down/into) the swimming pool at the same time.
3. When I finished high school I drove (across/down/over) Europe in a caravan with two of my
friends.
4. In some countries, it's considered unlucky to walk (through/down/under) a ladder.
5. The athletes ran (around/off/up) the track for 1 hour.
6. You must always wear a helmet when you cycle in case you fall (under/off/into) the bike.
7. The first person to swim (around/over/across) the English Channel was Mathew Webb, in 1875.
8. He broke his ankle when he was trying to jump (over/ off/under) a hump in his street.
9. Ferdinand Magellan was a Portuguese sailor who sailed (off/around/over) the world in the 16th
Century.
10. In PE classes we have to climb (through/across/ up) a rope in 20 seconds.
11. He was skiing (down/under/around) the hill when he had the accident.
12. I would never do base jumping. I think it's really dangerous to jump (up/off/through) a
building even if you have a parachute.
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13. Stunt motorcyclists sometimes jump (over/under/across) cars or even buses.
14. The boat sailed (out of/ along/across) the river up to the sea.
15. Get (out of/up/along) the car now! I have to take you to school.
16. Drivers in the Paris-Dakar drive (down/across/out of) the Sahara desert.
17. Our class walked (on/down/through) a beautiful forest during our last school trip.
18. If you are afraid of heights, don't look (on/down/through) when you are climbing the
mountain.
19. The teacher walked (into/through/up) the class, so we stopped talking and sat down.
20. If I walk (in/through/over) that door, I will never come back.
E. Complete the exercise with convenient prepositions.
1. I usually meet up _______ my friends _____ the weekend.
2. Don’t be late ________ school.
3. You are the new student _______Portugal.
4. Are you a teacher_______ this school?
5. Jessica is ________ vacation. She is ________ Italy now.
6. What is this called ________ English?
7. Look ________ the flowers.
8. Adam's birthday is _______ July.
9. Don’t run ________ the classroom.
F. Fill in the blanks with appropriate prepositions.
1. Compare your answers _________your partner’s.
2. This key holder is very special ____ me.
3. Kittens and mice are _______the same place.
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4. Write _______ me soon.
5. Have you got a piece ____ paper?
6. What’s that CD for? It is ________ my exam.
7. I’m tall _______ black hair and brown eyes.
8. We have got a house ________ a big garden.
9. I come _________ a big family.
10. Match the pictures ________ the names.
11. Is your house __________the country?
12. Guess. What do have I have _______ my hand?
13. I have got two pens. What ________ you?
G. Choose the correct answer:
1. Go ___ these stairs until you reach the top floor.
1. in
2. through
3. on
4. up
2. He was stopped by the police for driving ___ 120mph.
1. on
2. to
3. for
4. at
3. I'm going ___ Madrid next week.
1. to
2. in
3. of
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4. at
4. We always listen to music ___ the way to work.
1. by
2. in
3. on
4. for
5. Take your purse ___ of your pocket and give it to me.
1. away
2. off
3. to
4. out
6. Are you talking ___ me?
1. on
2. of
3. in
4. to
7. She called me ___ midnight.
1. on
2. at
3. in
4. of
8. I'll see you ___ the morning.
1. on
2. at
3. in
4. of
9. What did you have ___ dinner?
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1. of
2. in
3. for
4. to
10. He's the tallest man ___ the world.
1. of
2. over
3. in
4. to
LESSON 3
PREPOSITIONS OF REASON, CONCESSION, PURPOSE, EXCEPTION, AND

ADDITION & PREPOSITION OF AND OTHERS
0 Prepositions of Reason, Concession, Purpose, Exception, and Addition
7. Prepositions of reason, concession, and purpose
Prepositions Example
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because of We were late because of the rain
due to Due to the rise in the cost of fuel, all living expenses will increase
owing to
on account of
despite Despite a poor economy, the shop has been doing well.
in spite of
with all
for The club is hosting a party for all its members
Note:
Below are some common expressions with the preposition for:
For your convenience for future use for safety reasons
For further information articles for sale money for supplies
A coupon for every $100
8. Prepositions of exception and addition
Prepositions Example
except (for) I cleaned all the rooms except (for) the bathroom.
excepting
aside from
apart from
barring We should arrive at 10 o’clock, barring any unexpected delays.
without I would have been in real trouble but for your help
but for
instead of Use graphics instead of words.
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in addition to In addition to the new offices, the building has a coffee house on
the first floor.
Besides writing summaries, she proofreads all of the professor’s

besides
work.
apart from
Note:
When except precedes clause, there is no preposition for after it.
I don’t know anything about wine, except that I like it.
PRACTICE
1 . The staff is planning to hold a farewell gathering ____an employee who served the company
for over twenty years.
(A) by (B) for (C) to (D) from
2. The manager said that____________ any changes, the proposal would be presented at a special
meeting of sustainable development organizations.
(A) except (B) barring (C) unless (D) because
3. Interest rates are falling ______a governmental push to raise all mortgage rates for middle-
homeowners.
(A) in spite of (B) according (C) even though (D) in addition to
2 Preposition Of and Others
9. The structure A of B
Usage Examples
A is a noun, B is its implied 1. the development of the company
subject
2. consent of the parent
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3. the retirement of our colleague
A is a noun, B is its implied 1. showing of his new movie
object.
2. the marketing of luxury brands
3. the shipment of wine
4. the utilization of health care services

A and B are appositives. 1. a chance of meeting someone new
2. the idea of producing handbooks
3. a balance of 100 dollars

A is part of B. 1. this area of the city
2. the end of the month
3. the employees of the branch
1. Prepositions for drawing people's attention to a particular subject
about on over
as to as for
concerning regarding
Ex:
1. The following are frequently asked questions concerning the internship program.
2. We take pride in complying with all regulations with regard to food safety.
PRACTICE
1.The independent audit of the company is expected to be concluded by the end ______this
month.
(A) in (B) by (C) of (D) on
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2. Dr. Wilson will attend the workshop to moderate a panel discussion _____ ethics of new
medical technology.
(A) by (B) to (C) on (D) with
3. A dispute _______workers’ rights has caused union members employed at the factory to walk
out in a week-long strike.
(A) over (B) above (C) of (D) along
0 Other Prepositions
2. Other Prepositions
by Authenticated access is obtained by providing a valid name and password.
through Competence is achieved through training.
throughout Heavy rains have increased the water level behind dams throughout the
country.
with The children will discuss it with their teacher.
without Headphones will enable you to listen to the music without disturbing
anyone.
as He had served as a section director at the Ministry of Education.
like Like jogging, walking should have a steady and continuous motion.
unlike Swimming, unlike jogging, is ideal for any age or physical ability.
against Some consumers have campaigned against the use of furs in luxury
clothing.
beyond Its functions go beyond what is necessary for an MP3 player.
following Following the conference, the banquet for the delegation will be held.
plus The newly launched mobile phone has all the same features plus digital
music capabilities.
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3. Common expressions with by/ through / with / without/ against /beyond
by by telephone/fax / mail by cash / check / credit card
by law
by land
through cooperation
through through the use of
with with no doubt with no exception
without with the aim of without paying
against against the law act against one’s will
beyond beyond repair beyond one’s capacity
PRACTICE
1.Dayton Electronics recommends that all customers keep their receipts ______ proof of payment.
(A) as (B) except (C) on (D) into
2.Companies can save hundreds on airfares _________ computer linkups which allow for
international meetings without leaving the office.
(A) above (B)through (C) into (D) down
3.Employees expressed content with their salaries and working hours _______ the exception of
those in packing, who requested a pay increase.
(A) like (B)by (C) for (D) with
B. Correct the underlined prepositions in the following sentences.
1. The article was as the current economic situation. _________________
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2. I’m going to get to the airport at subway today. ___________________
3. Of CEO, she has to make important decisions. ____________________
4. The sales representatives apologized to us with being rude.__________
5. The company reduced the cost of making its products for a new process._____
6. There is a conference room across on the copy room. _______________
7. As addition to games, this device can play music and videos._________
8. They discussed some issued regarded the process._________________
9. According the article, there will be many job openings this year.__________
10. Many things were said concerns the recent changes at the company. __________
C. Choose the correct option to complete each sentence.
1. The meeting (as/on/for/with) the interest rate will be held this Tuesday.
2. We were surprised (in/for/at/as) the news report.
3. (Regarding/ Excluding/ In spite of/ Regardless of) age and sex, anyone can apply for the job.
4. Ten countries, (included/ including/ include/ includes) England, joined the organization.
LESSON 4
COMMON EXPRESSIONS FORMED BY VERB/ADJECTIVE/NOUN + PREPOSITION

& COLLOCATIONS WITH PREPOSITIONS
1. Common Expressions Formed by Verb /Adjective / Noun + Preposition
1. Verb + Preposition
account for depend on/ rely on/count on associate A with B

congratulate A on B
add to sympathize with
direct A to B
comply with wait for
return A to B
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consist of keep track of transfer A to B
contribute to employ A as B
Ex:
They have only a few days left to comply with new regulations on factory safety. The
public associates the company name with trust and reliability.
2. Adjective + Preposition
absent from equivalent to identical to consistent with

contrary to
responsible for comparable to/with similar to
Ex: Projects conducted by like organizations are similar to each other.
3. Noun + Preposition
access to exposure to an advocate for/of
a cause/reason for concern about/for/over a lack of

permission from
a problem with a dispute about/over
an effect / impact /
a question about / concerning /
influence on
regarding
respect for
a decrease / an increase/a rise /a drop
a solution to in
Ex: The client has a question regarding the arrangements for the trip.
4. Fixed expressions of more than one preposition
by means of in place of in charge of in respect of
in honor of in violation of in observance of on behalf of
Ex: Fred Sumner will be giving the speech in place of Mr. Trent, who is down with the flu.
PRACTICE
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1. Decide which of the choices (A), (B), (C), or (D) best completes the sentence.
1. Management has decided to transfer certain responsibilities formerly held by the

administrative division ______ the accounting department.
(A) at (B) by (C) to (D) of
2.Education for Children, Inc. has always been an advocate _____ effective early education
through home- and school-based programs.
(A) to (B) by (C) for (D)over
3.Ms. Turner asked us to use the original design for the product display ____ the one
submitted by the team.
(A) because (B) instead of (C) despite (D) when
2. Choose a correct option for each sentence.
1. The country has suffered from little investment (over/ until) the past year as a result of
poll instability.
2. (Due to/Except for) rising oil prices, import prices went up by 16 percent in August.
3. In recent years, private investors have become increasingly attracted to this area (on/of)
the city.
4. Requests for assistance via e-mail or live Internet support are only monitored (since
/during) regular hours of operation.
5. (At/Despite) a looming fiscal crisis, the country’s economy has bounced back from a
slump.
6. Workshops are offered (before/throughout) the year on a variety of job search tools and
skills including resume writing.
7. (Aside from /Long since) the acquisition costs, the manager anticipated additional costs
for operational and restructuring expenses.
41
Decide whether each of the sentences below is correct or incorrect. If it is correct,
write “correct”; if it is incorrect, point out the mistake(s) and provide (a)
correction(s).
8. A recent report said consumer prices could exceed 4 percent on the end of the year.
9. Professionals on the academic community frequently immigrate to places where their

skills earn better reward.
10. Guests can put their valuables in the hotel’s safety deposit boxes for safekeeping.
11. Until approximately twenty years, the national debt is forecast to jump to four trillion
dollars.
12. In observance for Labor Day, all US exchanges will be closed on Monday, September
6.
13. All documentation on local cost payments, including tender documents, must be
retained to the future.
14. The expansion project will be completed since December 15 and will be eligible for
sales tax exemption.
2. Collocations with Prepositions
A collocation is a combination of two or more words that often go together. Native

speakers of English often use them to make their language more natural and more easily
understood. It is essential for you to treat collocations as single blocks of language and
learn them in chunks. You could learn them by topic, such as time, number, weather,
money, family, etc., or by a particular word, e.g. take action, take a chance, take an exam.
In this way, you can easily choose the right answers to questions of vocabulary in the
TOEIC test.
Question Type and Useful Tips
This type of question requires examinees to choose either a preposition or a noun to form a
correct collocation.
42
1. First, look for the preposition or noun given before or after the gap. Then, choose an
option that forms a collocation.
2. Next, put it into the whole sentence to see if it suits the context and the meaning of the
sentence. Last, decide the answer choice.
Requests for vacation time must be submitted _________ writing at least two weeks in
advance.
(A) at (B) of (C) in (D) on
Morris Marina, the head of the small business software division, will be traveling to New
Mexico tomorrow to attend a conference. As he will be gone for the whole of next week,
he has designated his next in ________ , Hillman Avenger, to be in charge of the
division's business during his absence.
(A) order (B) command
(C) demand (0) advance
Common Collocations
01 in reply
In spite of sending several e-mails of complaint to the customer service department, the customer still hasn’t
received a single message in reply.
02 of one’s choice
Of one’s choice= of one’s own choice
Payments can automatically be deducted from the bank account of your choice
03 in preparation for
All computer should be put in boxes in preparation for our to the new office space.
04 in advance
43
Reservations must be cancelled at least two weeks in advance to be eligible for a full refund.
05 in an effort to do
In an effort to + bare infinitive
In an effort to promote new line of products, Edu-toys created a television advertising campaign.
06 in a timely manner
In a timely manner = in a timely fashion
As the human resources department has received many resumes, all applicants will be contacted in a timely manner.
07 on arrival
On arrival = upon arrival
On arrival, all passengers are required to go through immigration and passport control.
08 in combination with
This tablet, when, taken in combination with aspirin, will lower blood pressure and strengthen immunity to
infections.
09 to the point
To the point: relevant and worth paying attention to
Come to the point: reach the focus point
The guest speaker’s presentation on office management was informative and to the point.
10 out of print
Out of print =be discontinued (if a book/,magazine, etc,is out of print, it is no longer being published)
This book is currently out of print; however, there might be some used copies available online.
11 in celebration of
The department store is offering a 30 percent discount this week in celebration of their 30 th anniversary.
12 above one’s expectation
Above one’s expectations = beyond one’s expectations
44
Product sales last month were above our expectations.
13 subsequent to
Subsequent to = following
Subsequent to the introduction of cost-cutting measures, expense accounts are being monitored.
14 as a result of
Many factories had to close as a result of new licensing regulations.
15 in exchange for
The company offered workers higher salaries in exchange for reduced health benefits.
16 out of one’s reach
Out of one’s reach: away from the distance that can be touched
Ensure that blades for this razor are stored out of the reach of children.
17 to capacity
Be filled to capacity = be completely full
The theater was filled to capacity every night of the week –long performance.
18 at the latest
At the earliest, at the best
In order to reserve a tennis court at the Fairfield Fitness Centre, you should register by next week at the latest.
19 in search of
In search of = in the search for
Mr. Smith is in search of talented and innovative personnel.
20 at one’s earliest convenience
At one’s earliest convenience: as soon as one can (commonly used in business contexts)
Send some samples of your writing at your earliest convenience.
21 to an absolute minimum
45
To an absolute minimum: to the smallest in amount or degree
The new microphone system keeps background noise to an absolute minimum.
22 until further notice
Until further notice: until another official announcement is made
Without notice: without warning or announcement
The prices listed in the catalog are effective until further notice.
23 with the exception of
With the exception of = except
No one is allowed beyond this point, with the exception of authorized security personnel.
24 in one’s absence
In one’s absence = during one’s absence
The staff will hold a meeting in the director’s absence
46
47
Part 5
01 Staff members are requested to send in reports on equipment malfunctions at their

earliest ____________
(A) requirement
(b) decision
(c) explanation
(d) convenience
02 All prices listed on the company website are effective until further _________
(A) notice
(B) mark
(C) bulletin
(D) statement
03 All attendees to the international Trade Law Conference are requested to

register for the event ________ advance at the convention center’s website.
(A) at
(B) to
(C) in
(D) near
04 The manufacturing contract awarded to Centrum was valued in excess

________ ten million dollars
A to
B than
48
C of
D over
05 All household chemicals, such as cleaners or polishes, should be kept

__________ reach of small children.
A out of
B away with
C up until
D without
06 Hight school students were paid on an hourly basis to distribute the company’s
promotional flyers _________ hand
A. through
B. with
C. by
D. in
07 Payment for internet services provided by Westcom can be paid for with the
credit card of your ____________
A. election
B. choice
C. referral
D. option
08 The department store offers the latest fashion apparel in a _______ of colors,
ranging from light tints to dark shades
49
A. crowd
B. type
C. pack
D. variety
09 Sales figures for agricultural products went up by 5 percent as a result

_________ growth in the domestic and export markets.
A. as
B. about
C. beyond
D. of
10 Those attending the Community Service Awards Ceremony are asked to bring
their invitations as they will be asked to present them ________ arrival at the
hotel.
A. for
B. from
C. on
D. out
Part 6
Questions 11-13 refer to the following notice.
50
Notice to Employees
Due to recent changes in occupational safety laws, Chubb industries employees

must agree to comply with the safety regulations described below. It has been
noticed that certain employees are reporting to work without their safety gear.
Protection goggles must be worn ________ all times while working on the
assembly line. When substitute for another employee
11 A. of B.at C.by D. on
during their absence, please make sure to operate the machinery ________in
order to avoid injury or seek assistance from a manager using the machines.
12 A. cautiously B. happily C. preventively D. pessimistically
Aside from safety, occasional equipment malfunctions have forced us to adopt

biweekly inspections and maintenance procedures _______ the aim of ensuring
that machinery that is running at optimum efficiency.
13A.from B.in C.to D. with
Be sure to allow the technicians full access to your work station so that they can
complete their work.in the event of any other unexpected issues that may delay
productivity, report them immediately to the supervisor.
51
Common collocations with Nouns
01 technical description
The report is a technical description of the new equipment needed for our research
laboratory.
02 apology for
Please accept our apologies for the delay, and we hope you have a pleasant flight.
03 signs of wear
Signs of wear = sings of damage
The hotel facilities were out of date and had started to show signs of wear.
04 contribution to
Ms. Milson is very involved with community pro-grams and makes frequent contributions
to local charities.
05 accounts payable department
This collocation refers to the department which takes care of unpaid debts.
Accounts payable
Accounts receivable
Reimbursements for travel expenses will be paid out by the accounts payable department.
06 compliance with + rule/law/regulation
The company operates in full compliance with current export laws.
07 discussion on
The public relations officer arranged for a press conference and discussion on company’s
new medical breakthrough.
52
08 office efficiency
Fuel efficiency
Production efficiency
Providing a comfortable environment will improve
Office efficiency
09 preference for
Recent studies showed customer’s preference for booking air tickets online.
10 media coverage
This collocation implies the reporting of a particular event or piece of news.
Media coverage of the new product launch helped raise the brand’s profile.
11 obligation to
Have no obligation to
Guests have no obligation to pay for their bill until the final day of their stay at the hotel.
12 attendance records
Employees’ attendance records are confirmed each month before paychecks are issued.
13 mastermind behind
Mastermind behind something refers to the person who comes up with all
strategies/details/plans for an important event.
Mr. Grieves is the mastermind behind the candidate’s new campaign strategy.
14 problem with
The staff is having a problem with their computers’ operating system.
15 safety precaution
53
Safety precaution to action that are done to keep safety. Precaution is a count noun, so the
indefinite article a is used if it in the singular from (a safety precaution). Another common
collocation is fire precautions which refers to action that are done to prevent fire
Construction workers were reminded to follow safety precaution at all times.
16 baggage allowance
This collocation means the weight of suitcases or bags that you are allowed to take onto an
aircraft.
Beginning in January, the carry-on baggage allowance for all international flights will be
twelve kilos.
17 performance appraisal
Performance appraisal indicates a meeting between a worker and their manager in order to
discuss how well they are doing in their work.
The manager has to carry out monthly perform ance appraisals.
18 time constraints
Due to time constraints, the staff will continue the discussion tomorrow.
19 a from of identification
A from of identification may be a driving licence , an identity card, or a passport.
A from of identification is necessary to collect the package at the post office.
20 taxes on
The revenue Department decided not to impose extra taxes on rice import.
21 system failures
System failures; system malfunction or breakdowns
Due to repeated system failures, the current computer operating system will be changed.
54
22 confidence in
Have confidence in somebody
I have every confidence in Mrs. Foster’s ability to manage the project successfully.
23 commitment to
Commitment to + noun
We have an abiding commitment to providing individualized service to customer.
24 staff productivity
Labor productivity
The bestselling book talks about innovative ways to improve staff productivity.
55
56
Part 5
01. Because of time ________________ , Mr. Pelham scheduled a second meeting to

discuss items that were not taken up on the agenda.
(A) inhibitions (B) necessities (C) obstacles (D) constraints
02 The store's website charges local sales tax __________ all items purchased by
individuals living in the state of Indiana.
(A) on (B) by (C) at (D) in
03 Beginning next week, the bank will require two of identification when cashing checks
and making withdrawals.
(A) terms (B) marks (C) forms (D) prints
04 The office furniture at Solar Company established ten years ago has recently begun to
show signs of ___________ and age.
(A) wear (B) limit (C) failure (D) form
05 Even for domestic flights, baggage __________ is three pieces of checked luggage as
long as the largest bag does not exceed 62 inches in length.
(A) permission (B) allowance (C) estimation (D) weight
06. Attendees to the product demonstration are under no __________ to make any
purchase.
(A) requirement (B) guarantee (C) obligation (D) reservation
07 The instruction manual for Xenith's PD-320 laser printer is a _______ description of
how the machine operates and also shows the installation procedure.
(A) periodic (B) informative (C) technical (D) careful
57
08 Before your flight takes off, make sure the compartments have been securely
closed.
(A) overlaid (B) overhead (C) overdue (D) overpowered
09 The museum director has full confidence
the new curator's ability to organize and display the exhibits.
(A) by (B) with (C) on (D) in
10 Indira Masilimony will lead a discussion at the International Commerce Conference

_______ the emerging marketplaces in China and India.
(A) at (B) by (C) on (D) out
Part 6
Questions 11-13 refer to the following article.
Security Chip Set to Reduce Fraud
In our rapidly modernizing world, more and more shoppers prefer to purchase
everyday items by credit card more than any other method. As a result, credit card
consumers have become increasingly vulnerable to fraudulent transactions. But
due to the efforts and innovative vision of Monica Hynde, the mastermind
____________ a new, remarkably secure identification chip, shoppers will soon be
able to make easier and safer purchases.
11 (A) below (B) among (C) behind (D) about
Her team of top researchers took two years to develop the technology, based on a
small chip which contains the cardholder's personal information. Strict standards
were followed in developing this unit, to ensure with __________ the
government's privacy regulations. The mechanism identifies
12 (A) tolerance (B) compliance (C) application (D) reliance
58
purchasers, confirms their identity and minimizes potential consumer risks when
making transactions. Manufacturers anticipate that the new security chip system
will be _______ by most major
13 (A) implemented (B) interpreted (C) notified (D) fulfilled
credit card companies by the end of next year.
LESSON 5
59
REVISION
1. The company anniversary party will take 8. The data will be posted on a secure password-
place _______August 26, so please mark the protected server that is accessible exclusively
_________authorized staff members.
date on your calendars.
(A) for (B) within
(A) in (B) at
(C) to (D) over
(C) on (D) for
2. The innovative website allows a traveler to 9. Country Air offered free tickets to every
search and find locations of interest that lie passenger that missed their flight _____a
______ a fifty-mile radius of the city.
malfunction in the plane’s engine.
(A) among (B) within
(A) owed to (B) thanks for
(C) into (D) through
(C) resulting in (D) because of
3. We need not remind everyone here today that 10. Employees who are planning to extend
mobile phones and pagers should be turned off holiday vacations with unused leave days must
while the symposium is ________ progress. inform their supervisors _______ October 31.
(A) at (B) on (A) at (B) for
(C) over (D) in (C) by (D) until

4. The BCN Company will not accept 11. Human resources personnel are trained to the
applications for transfers to overseas branches differences ______ a resolvable conflict
_______ the first of the month.
and an irresolvable confrontation.
(A) by (B) when
(A) upon (B) about
(C) until (D) through
(C) during (D) between
5.The Travel Holiday Group offers some of the 12. We are holding a dinner this evening to
best horseback tours______the coast of congratulate Mr. Brian Banks _____his thirty
the Eastern Mediterranean basin. years with the Meyers Cold Cuts Company.
(A) into (B) along (A) to (B) of
60
(C) under (D) among (C) on (D) from
6. The workshop teaches managers and 13. _______the last ten years, professional and
employees how to dispute someone else’s ideas
business services comprised 38 percent of the
_______ being disagreeable.
total job growth in the Washington region
(A) except (B) without
(A) In (B) On
(C) whereas (D) otherwise
(C) Since (D) While
7. The director wants all of the items shipped by 14. As always, we here at Gray Consulting look
the end of the week, _____ of the cost. forward ______ assisting you with your
(A) regardless (B) regard future legal needs.
(C) regarding (D) regarded (A) up (B) in
(C) to (D) on
15. The company’s payroll office is located 18. It would toe better for business if we were
_________ the corner of Faribault and 23rd associated _____some of the trade officers
Streets, across from the Trade Center.
at the embassy.
(A). at (B) in
(A) to (B) on
(C )of (D) to
(O) with (D) for
16. Wage works Corporation is planning to lay 19. Teen magazine is offering a special
off as many as 1000 employees _____ the promotion, which entitles subscribers ______
gifts certificates at top clothing boutiques.
next two years.
(A) in (B) on
(A) at (B)by
(C) to (D) at
(C) until (D) over
17. Whatever your security needs, Armed Guard 20. The manager hopes to increase production
provides 24 hours ______ constant protection ______ introducing bonuses for all employees
and service to our clients. who improve their production quota.
(A) around (B) of (A) by (B) from
61
(O) over (D) through (C) since (D) about
Questions 21-23 refer to the following advertisement.
PACIFIC Air Reaching for the clouds
As long-distance travel becomes more commonplace ________ improved living

standards, airlines
21. (A) as to (B) due to
(C) in spite of (D) in place of
are taking action to attract customers, offering them a wide range of options. PACIFIC
Air with their spectacular _______ project are focusing on speed, safety and
innovation to increase revenue.
22. (A) expansion (B) existence
(C) exception (D) experience
They have purchased five more double-deck jets and have refurbished their existing
carriers with ______ sofas, personal computers with DVD and game playing
functions. Extra security measures
23 (A) comforted (B) comfortable
(C) comfortableness (D) comfortably
include buttons under armrests which report directly to security officers in the cockpit,
and a personal phone system to make calls and speak with the flight staff. PACIFIC
Air aims to attract families and groups of four or more through these added features.
Choose the word or phrase that best completes the sentence.
1. _________we were all tired, we had to go on because it was much too late.
(A) Since
(B) Although
(C) However
62
(D) If
2. They met to discuss the possibility of a joint project; _______ they failed to come to an
agreement.
(A) however
(B) therefore
(C) so
(D) but
3. Both he _______ his wife were satisfied with the location of their new house.
(A) or
(B) nor
(C) and
(D) so
4. I like neither this tie that tie. Could you show me another one?
(A) or
(B) nor
(C) and
(D) so
5. ________ I was visiting the Grand Canyon, I bumped into one of my friends from Japan.
(A) While
(B) During
(C) For
(D) Because
6. ____________he left earlier than usual, we couldn’t see him off.
(A) Even though
(B) However
(C) Because of
(D) Because
63
7. _________ that he Is bright for his age, I think he is a little too young for this class.
(A) Despite the fact
(B) Despite
(C) Despite of
(D) In spite of
8. It seems that after ________to persuade Jane, he decided to try her mother.
(A) failed
(B) failing
(C) a failure
(D) fail
9. I’m sure he can remember the details _______ given enough time.
(A) if
(B) since
(C) upon
(D) until
10. Sound travels at 330 meters per second, ________light travels at 300,000 kilometers per
second.
(A) as
(B) whereas
(C) as long as
(D) provided
11. All _________ should be submitted on time.
(A) applications
(B) applicants
(C) applying
(D) applied
12. Keep all the valuables in the __________
64
(A) save
(B) saving
(C) safe
(D) safety
13. ____________he is quite old, he actively participates in group activities.
(A) Even
(B) Well
(C) But
(D) Though
14. I wonder ______ anybody here owns a truck.
(A) that
(B) what
(C) once
(D) if
15. From now ______, we’ll help you the best we can.
(A) to
(B) as
(C) since
(D) on
Choose the best word or phrase for each blank.
Questions 1 through 3 are based on the following job advertisement.
Wanted: Film Subtitles Coordinator
“Die duties of this position include working with spotters, translators, computer
technicians,
----clients to oversee the addition of Japanese subtitles to films. At least three
years’
(A) with
65
(B) and
(C) also
(D) since
experience in the subtitling industry is a must for all applicants. The working hours
for this
position are flexible,--there will be some compulsory overtime. Candidates need to
be
(A) so that
(B) despite
(C) but
(D) whenever
able to work well under pressure- -this is a stressful job, especially when working
on
(A) since
(B) even
(C) although
(D) regarding
projects scheduled for worldwide simultaneous release. Interested applicants should
submit a current resume and cover letter to RapidTitles by December 15lh.
Questions 4 through 6 are based on the following email.
To: subscribe@pcland.co
From: hwindsor@royalnet.co
Subject: Subscription Date: March 23 2006
Dear sir,
I have subscribed to PC Land magazine for two years. My subscription expires
every January,
............my subscription fees are automatically taken from my bank account by
direct debit. This is
(A) because
(B) since
(C) also
(D) and
a method I chose.....it is very convenient and allows me to continue receiving my
magazine.
(A) but
(B) however
(C) since
(D) although
Unfortunately, I have not received a single issue of PC Land so far this year. I
telephoned customer services at the end of January, and they said I would receive
my January issue with
66
my February issue......., I have received nothing, and it is almost the end of March.
(A) Despite
(B) Although
(C) However
(D) And
Please sort out this problem, or I will need to ask for a refund.
Sincerely,
Harold Windsor
67
CHAPTER 2
NOUN CLAUSES &
ADJECTIVE CLAUSES
68
LESSON 6
POSITIONS OF NOUN CLAUSES & NOUN CLAUSES INTRODUCED BY

THAT
NOUNS CLAUSE
Basic Points
4. In a sentence, a noun clause can come in the position of the subject, object, or
complement.
Ex:
1. What she read was a story by E.B. White.
2. I know that he is innocent.
3. My question is whether he is telling the truth.
What she read comes in the position of the subject of the first sentence. In the second
sentence, that he is innocent comes in the position of the object of the verb know. In the
last sentence, whether he is telling the truth comes in the position of the subject.
In a sentence, a noun clause can come in the position of the subject, object, or
complement.
5. A noun clause is formed by noun clause conjunction (+ subject) + verb:
Ex:
1. I can’t tell whether you are bored or entertained.
2. What makes him happy is the desire for art.
Whether you are bored or entertained is the object of the verb tell. It is formed by the
noun clause conjunction (whether) + subject (you) + verb (are).
69
What makes him happy comes in the position of the subject of the sentence. It is formed
by the noun clause conjunction (what) + verb (makes).
Noun clause conjunctions include that, if/ whether, interrogative words who, what,
which, when, where, how, why, and compound relative pronouns whoever, whatever,
whichever, etc.
I. POSITIONS OF NOUN CLAUSES
1. In a sentence, a noun clause – just like a noun – can come in the position of the subject,
object, or complement.
Subject Whether we have to work or not is unclear.
Object of a verb Daniel said that you had the file.
Object of a preposition The group talked about how the accident occurred.
Complement The problem is who will bring a car for tomorrow’s trip
2. Prepositions and object pronouns cannot come in the position of a noun clause
conjunction.
Ex:
The committee agreed that the next meeting would take place in Geneva.
He explained that the contract must be approved at this meeting.
TOEIC questions
Decide which of the choices - (A), (B), (C), or 2. The banking industry reported _______
(D) – best completes the sentence. the past year saw a 10 percent increase
in international wire transfers.
1. The company’s press relations officer
confirmed ________ Selectric, Inc. would no (A) about (B) this
longer be manufacturing pagers.
70
(A) about (B) of (C) on (D) that
(C) that (C) it 3. Please submit your picks for employee

of the month so that our manager can
decide ________ will be given the
award.
(A) those (B) them
(C) who (D) while
II. Noun Clause Introduced by That
1.A noun clause introduced by that can come in the position of the subject, object of a
verb complement, or appositive in a sentence.
Subject That he won the first prize is hardly surprising.
Object of a verb I know that you didn’t lie.
Complement The best thing about this guitar is that it stays in tune.
Appositive The claim that he stole the car is true.
2. Adjectives preceding a that-clause
be aware that be glad/happy that be sure that
be sorry that be convinced that be afraid that

Ex:
The applicant is aware that the director is not in today.
The librarian is sure that the book was stolen.
3. Nouns preceding a that-clause as an appositive
fact that statement that opinion that truth that
71
news that report that idea that (re)assurance that
rumor that claim that confirmation that

Ex:
The radio commentator announced the news that oil prices would increase.
The entire company was surprised by the report that their factory would have to shut
down.
Toeic Questions
Decide which of the choices (A), (B), (C), or (D) best completes the sentence.
1. _______ Alice Diaz was willing to work over the weekends to ensure the success of the
ceremony is evidence of her devotion to her work.
(A) That (B) But
(C) Since (D) After
2.Mr. Forster was convinced ______ his decision to sell his shares had been the right one
when the value of the stock plunged the next day.
(A) which (B) that
(C) about (D) of
3. During the meeting, the manager referred to the rumor ________the business was
losing money.
(A) then (B) that
(C) which (D) how
III. Noun Clause Introduced by If/ Whether
72
1 Both the conjunctions if and whether (or not) are used when the noun clause is
formed from Yes/No question. In a sentence, a noun clause introduced by
if/whether can come in the position of the subject, object, or complement.
Subject Whether we succeed id not important.
Object of a verb I will check if the movie is playing.
Object of a preposition I can’t answer the question of whether or not computers can
think
Complement the question is whether this is true.
Notes:
The clause starting with whether can also function as an adverb clause, meaning it is not
important if…
Ex: Whether you like it or not, I’m coming to see you.
In conditional sentences, the conjunction if cannot be replaced by whether because in this

case the if-clause is an adverb clause, meaning under the condition that… not a noun
clause.
Ex: They will send you a catalog whether if you ask.
2 The fixed phrase whether A or B/whether or not is commonly used. If cannot

replace whether.
IF or WHETHER?
I don’t know (if/whether) she likes me or hates me.
I can’t tell (if/whether) or not email message is spam.
1. If cannot replace whether.
3 An if-clause can come neither in the position of a subject nor after a preposition.
IF or WHETHER?
73
(If/ Whether) we succeed is not important.
2. The if-clause cannot come in the position of the subject, so if must be changed to
Whether.
3. IF or WHETHER?
I’m confused about (if/whether) me should invite everyone in the class.
The if-clause cannot come after the preposition, so if must be changed to whether
TOEIC questions
A. Decide which of the choices - (A), (B), 2. She is still thinking about whether _____
(C), or (D) – best completes the sentence. to boost the office’s computer systems
with the latest software programs.
1. Ms. Owen still isn’t sure_______ she
will open a production plant in South (A) or (B) or not
America to cut down the cost of labor.
(C) and (D) and not
(A) if (B) thought
3. The committee is still deciding about
(C) however (D) while ______ to allocate funds for monthly
training sessions for employees.
(A) if (B) that
(C) whether (D) which
B. Choose the correct option given in brackets to complete each sentence.
1. Everybody thinks (that/if) he is competent.
2. The manager has not decided (that/if) he will hire more workers.
3. I strongly believe (that/whether) the team will meet the deadline.
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4. The issue is (whether/ what) he is qualified or not.
5. (That/If) she made such a critical mistake during the presentation was shocking.
C. Choose the correct option to complete each sentence.
1. I don’t know (but/ and/ if/ because) he has enough money to invest in the stock market.
2. My dream is (whether/ that/ so/ but) I start to run my own business.
LESSON 7
NOUN CLAUSES INTRODUCED BY INTERROGATIVE WORD & A

COMPOUND RELATIVE PRONOUN & DISTINGUISHING BETWEEN
WHAT AND THAT
I. Noun Clauses Introduced by an Interrogative Word
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1. A noun clause may be introduced by interrogative pronoun who, whose, what,
or which that is the subject or object of the noun clause. Hence, the interrogative
pronoun starts an incomplete clause.
Ex:
1. I don’t know who typed the letter.
2. What he said was under.
3. I don’t know which is better.
2. A noun clause may be introduced by the interrogative adjective whose, what, or

which both modifying the noun following it and starting the noun clause comes in
the position of the subject or object of the sentence. Hence, the interrogative
adjective starts an incomplete clause.
Ex:
1. I don’t know whose car it is.
2. What clubs you are in is not important.
3. The discussion should be about which plan is better.
3. A noun clause may be introduced by interrogative adverb when, where, how, or

why. A complete clause follows an interrogative adverb.
Ex:
1. The child will ask when she can start piano lessons.
2. Where I found the book is a secret.
3. You need to practice how you should handle client complaints.
4. The shoppers wondered why the book was so expensive.
4. The noun clause interrogative word + subject + should + verb may be

changed to interrogative word + to-infinitive (phrase).
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Ex:
1. I have to decide what to do (= what I should do) first.
2. They don’t know when to stop (= when they should stop).
Toeic Questions
1. The manager wants to know _______ prepared the employee profiles for the company
website, as he finds them unprofessional and inappropriate.
(A) how (B) that
(C) which (D) who
2. To make preparations for the event, the caterer asked _______ many people would be
present at the dinner.
(A) about (B) concerning
(C) how (D) what
3.The company’s lawyer will know _______ to do in this situation, so let’s make an
appointment to see him.
(A) what (B) that
(C) which (D) where
II. Noun Clause Introduced by a Compound Relative Pronoun
1. A noun clause may be introduced by compound relative pronoun coming in the

position of the subject or object of a sentence. A compound relative has a double
function: It acts as the subject/ object in its own clause and it also acts as a
conjunction joining its clause to the rest of the sentence. Note that compound
relative pronouns usually have no expressed antecedents.
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Whoever (= anyone who) Whomever (= anyone whom)
Whatever (= anything that) Whichever (= anything that, anyone who)
Subject Whoever (= anyone who) answer the phone was very polite.
Object You can select whatever (= anything that) you want.
Notes:
A clause introduced by a compound relative pronoun may also function as an adverb

clause, not a noun clause.
Whatever you do, you need courage.
A pronoun cannot replace a compound relative pronoun.
Anyone (-> whoever) can solve that problem is a skilled person.
Whoever may be used instead of whomever. However, after a preposition, whomever

must be used.
You can give the box to whoever (-> to whomever) you want.
Whatever and whichever can precede a noun – just like an adjective.
Whichever road you take is a risk.
2.The compound relative pronoun is the subject or object of a noun clause, so an

incomplete clause follows the compound relative pronoun.
Ex:
1. Whoever visits my website is asked for a username.
2. Please choose whichever theme you like.
3. The context is the factor that decides whether an interrogative pronoun or a

compound relative pronoun must be used.
Ex:
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1. (Who Whoever) did it was not an amateur.
The sentence refers to anyone who did it, not someone in particular, so whoever is
more suitable.
2. (Whoever  Who) did it was not important.
The sentence refers to someone in particular, so who is more suitable.
3. I’ll take (which Whichever) side you’re not using.
The sentence refers to any side that the other person is not using, so whichever is
more suitable.
4. I have finally decided on (whichever which) side I should choose.
The sentence means among several sides, I have chosen one specific side, so which
is more suitable.
PRACTICE
Decide which of the choices (A), (B), (O), or (D) best completes the sentence.
1 ._________ is said at this very private meeting is confidential and should not leave the
room for any reason.
(A) Whichever (B) Whatever
(C) Whenever (D) However
2. The supervisor reminded us that ________ needed a certificate of employment for

personal reasons should ask for Ms. Simon’s assistance.
(A) who (B) whenever
(C) whoever (D) whomever
3. _______ team of sales representatives has the highest number of units will receive the
Team of the month award.
(A) Which (B) Some
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(C) Whichever (D) These
III. Distinguishing between What and That
1. A clause introduced by what functions as a noun clause, while a that-clause my

function as a noun clause, an adjective clause, or an adverb clause in a sentence.
Ex:
1. It’s hard to decide what is right to do.
2. I knew that there was a shortage of ink cartridges.
3. I have a plan that will help you stop smoking.
4. The movie was so funny that I watched it twice.
2. When a what-clause and a that-clause function as a noun clause, what starts an

incomplete clause and that starts a complete clause.
5. I want to know what makes you happy.
6. That you need more more money is obvious.
PRACTICE
A. Fill the gaps with what or that.
1. ________ the sales figures indicate is not clear.
2. The CEO ___________ I met yesterday was brilliant.
3. The expert pointed out _____________ we have to focus on.
4. The money ___________ I deposited at the bank disappeared.
5. The president was not pleased with the proposal _______ the manager made.
6. _____________ the analyst told us information should be seriously considered.
Toeic Questions
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1.As an advertiser, it is absolutely vital to understand _______ most customers
expect and want from manufacturers.
(A) how (B) that
(C) what (D) whether
2. Implementers understand _______ they cannot use company funds earmarked for
project expenses on rest and recreation.
(A) about (B) it
(C) what (D) that
3. New computer programs have made it so much easier to store information in

databases _________ even a novice can compile one from a given set of data.
(A) that (B) there
(C) what (D) when
4. This is _______________ we know about the current economic situation.
(A) when (B) that
(C) whether (D) what
5. ____________ you said to the committee was very persuasive.
(A) that (B) what
(C) which (D) and
Choose a correct option for each sentence.
1 It is definite (that/what) she will commence with the presentation tomorrow.
2 It is not certain (whose / which) of the representatives will be sent to one of our
important clients.
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3 Investors are afraid (that/what) the war on terror will cause stock shares to plummet.
4 They questioned her regarding her skills instead of (if/whether) she had the
appropriate experience.
5 (Who/Whoever) has an interest in the position of field manager should send a

resume to the main office.
6 It is difficult to know (that/what) to expect on the first day of a job.
7 He was of the opinion (that/which) the marketing team needed a new leader.
Identify the noun clause and state its position in each sentence.
8 Suppliers will have to decide when the time is right to make a change.
9 How the company manages to stay afloat with all its debt is a mystery.
10 The motorists were concerned about what roads had been blocked due to the
accident.
11. New office chairs are what the receptionists have requested numerous times.
12 The company was founded on the idea that quality service should be provided to
everyone.
13 The accountant doesn’t understand why 10 percent of profit must go to pension

funds.
14 The fact is that some exports will have to be cut back because of inventory
shortages.
ACTUAL TEST
Part 5
01._______ the holiday is only 08. When questioned as to _______he was

planning to work for the competition, Mr.
going to last three days is a disappointment
Graham said he would always be loyal to
to the entire staff.
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(A) what (B) that Sanford and Sons.
(C) although (D) so (A) whenever (B) while
02. Our supervisor wants to know ______ (C) whether (D) whereas
the final revisions will be made to the
09. We want all staff to be aware ______
contract.
security codes will be changed on the
(A) on (B) about following Monday.
(C) which (D) when (A) concerning (B) of
03. At 6:00, ________ club members (C) that (D) which

joining the special clambake at the beach
10. Please remember _______ the vacation
should be at the entrance of the Lakeside
policy has been changed this year.
Center.
(A) that (B) when
(A) all (B) somewhat
(C) if (D) what
(C) when (D) whichever
11. Next week’s workshop will focus on
04. The major issue we face is the fact
_________ to be an effective and trustworthy
_______ within the next month our
leader in the corporate world
spending will exceed the budget.
(A) which (B) how
(A) that (B) coming from
(C) what (D) that
(C) rather than (D) what
12. A key to closing a deal is to realize
05. As the manager of the hotel, I can
________ knowing how to negotiate means
assure you that ________ room you
having a sense of how people think and feel.
choose will be of the highest standards.
(A) so that (B) in that
(A) these (B) some
(C) and that (D) that
(C) whose (D) whichever
13. Employees are reminded
06. The tailor shop is requesting the
________ they should limit their use of
customer to return the expensive suits
office supplies, as budget cuts will be taking
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_______ were mistakenly packed with his effect immediately.
purchase.
(A) if (B) that
(A) what (B) whoever
(C) still (D) yet
(C) this (D) that
14. Although staff members have some
07. ______ Doctor William will give a leeway when it comes to daily activities, the
speech at the Remond Hotel remains supervisor determines ________
undecided. tasks get done by whom.
(A) about (B) before (A) when (B) whoever
(C) whether (D) it (C) what (D) whose
15. The new employees wondered ... 18. The chairman of Rochelle Petrochemicals
they would be given health care and some is of the opinion ______ the new
benefits. manufacturing plant will not significantly
affect the environment.
(A) whom (B) if
(A) then (B) that
(C) that (D) what
(C) how (D) when
16. Martin’s job is so demanding ... he
takes occasional three-day leave to get away 19. We will be holding a meeting this
from the pressures of office work. afternoon to decide ______ needs to be revised
before the report goes to print.
(A) that (B) there
(A) what (B) those
(C) what (D) where
(C) whether (D) there
17. leaves the office last will be
required to make sure all the lights are off 20. For those who have made an investment,
and lock all doors behind them. ________ happens during the first year is an
important indicator of how successful the
(A) who (B) whom
company will be.
(C) whose (D) whoever
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(A) that (B) as
(C) what (D) how
Part 6
This is in reply to your letter of complaint dated September 25. We credited your account
for t amount which you disputed in your communication. However, one of our employees
later gave another credit for the same situation. Could you check __________ you
have the correct amount
21(A) where (B) though
(C) whereas (D) whether
your account? To remedy the problem, we have ______ the extra amount. The
adjustment should
22.(A) withdrawn (B) retreated
(C) abolished (D) foregone
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be reflected in your October account statement, which was sent out yesterday.
We _________ apologize for our mistake and any difficulty it may have caused.
23.(A) sincerity (B) most sincere
(C) sincere (D) sincerely
EMILY CAMACHO
Senior Accountant
LESSON 8
BASIC POINTS OF RELATIVE CLAUSES
POSITIONS AND FUNCTIONS OF RELATIVE CLAUSES & RELATIVE

PRONOUNS
Basic points
A relative clause functions as an adjective and modifies a preceding noun (also

known as an antecedent).
Ex:
1. The woman who lives next door is kind.
2. I found a shop where I can get a discount.
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Who lives next door and where I can get a discount function as an adjective modifying
their antecedents (the woman and a shop). These relative clauses are also called
adjective clauses.
Relative clauses are divided into two types: defining and non-defining.
A defining relative clause is used to clearly define who or what is being referred to.
Without this information, it would be difficult to know who or what is being mentioned.
A non-defining relative clause provides additional information which is not essential to

understanding the meaning of a sentence.
Defining relative clause I have two sisters who are teachers.
Non-defining relative clause I have two sisters, who are teachers.
In the first sentence, the defining clause who are teachers defines the two sisters. It
can be inferred that besides these two sisters, the speaker may also have other sisters who
are not teachers.
In the second one, the non-defining clause who are teachers adds more
information to the two sisters. It can be understood that the speaker has only two sisters
and they are both teachers.
A non-defining relative clause may modify the whole sentence before it.
Ex:
1. Charlie became a lawyer, which surprised his friends.
A relative clause is formed by relative pronoun (subject) + verb or relative adverb +

subject + verb.
Ex:
1. The reporter met the designer, who is now the company’s president.
2. The bookstore has a cafe where you can enjoy classical music.
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In the first sentence, the antecedent designer is modified by the relative clause formed
by the relative pronoun (who) + verb (is). Who could be seen as conjunction + pronoun
(and he / she).
In the second sentence, the antecedent a cafe is modified by the relative clause formed
by the relative adverb (where) + subject (you) + verb (can enjoy). Where could be seen
as conjunction + adverb (and there).
Relative pronouns include who, whom, whose, which, that; relative adverbs are when,
where, why, how.
I.POSITIONS AND FUNCTIONS OF RELATIVE CLAUSES
1. A relative clause can come between the subject and verb or at the end of a
sentence.
Ex:
1. The tourists whom Eric guided were from Germany.
2. I can’t find the book which was on the desk.
Note: Unlike adverb clauses, relative clauses cannot come before and modify the whole
sentence.
1. Which is open 24 hours a day. the library is comfortable for reading. (Wrong)
2. Other adverbs or pronouns cannot be used in place of relative adverbs or

pronouns which starts a relative clause.
Ex:
1. Fill out the application forms, (those which) are available online.
2. We often go to a restaurant (there where) we can eat hearty meals.
3. It is important to use relative pronouns correctly. Do not confuse a relative

pronoun starting relative clause and a conjunction starting a noun clause.
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Ex:
1. I know the boy (what/who?) broke this fence.
2. I know (what/who?) the boy did to the fence.
4. Only a finite verb (a verb that is conjugated) can be used in a relative clause.
3. The company will reply only to those who (meeting/meet?) our requirements.
PRACTICE
TOEIC Questions
1. Most of the products and goods ______ are traded online are sold directly by the
owner.
(A) they (B) those
(C) that (D) these
2. Recently the director released the list of engineers _______ have been nominated to
the bridge project.
(A) which (B) what
(C) who (D) they
3. Dietary supplements _______ come from plants generally known to be safe, but some
may interfere with a wound’s capacity to heal.
(A) whatever (B) what
(C) whichever (D) which
II. RELATIVE PRONOUNS
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1. When the antecedent is a person, the relative pronoun who(m) is used. When the
antecedent a thing or an animal, the relative pronoun which is used.
4. We are looking for someone who is intelligent and dedicated.
5. The files which are stacked on his desk are due next week.
Note: The relative pronoun that can come in the position of the subject or object of
relative clauses, regardless of the antecedents. However, it cannot come after a
preposition or a comma (.).
1. The baker, (that who) is French, opened a new store in the area.
2. The person with that (with whom) I talked last week is my lawyer.
2. There are three kinds of relative pronouns: subject pronouns, object pronouns, object
relative pronouns and possessive relative pronouns.
Positions Subject Object Possession

Antecedents
People who whom, who whose
Things / animals which which whose, of which
People and that that

things/animals
Ex:
1. I know the person who is standing in line.
2. The car which is in the garage is Steve’s.
3. The girl (whom / who) I met yesterday is my best friend.
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4. He took the medicine (which) the doctor prescribed.
5. I had to meet with my neighbor, whose dog I have been watching, he students are
writing a report, the topic of which is Korean history.
PRACTICE
TOEIC Questions
1. Any Contract _______ is not signed by the members of the Board of Directors would
have no legal power even though its terms may have already been executed.
(A) who (B) which
(C) whom (D) of which
2. Gecko is an organization _________ mission is to provide financial relief to families

left homeless by natural disasters.
(A) which (B) that
(C) whom (D) whose
3. Job candidates _______ are presently unemployed or are studying to obtain a degree
must furnish this information on their application forms.
(A) who (B) which
(O) whom (D) whose
III. USAGE OF RELATIVE PRONOUNS
1. Preposition + relative pronoun
1. When the noun in the first sentence and the object of the preposition in the
second sentence the same person/thing, the two sentences may be joined into
a complex sentence using the structure Preposition + relative pronoun.
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Ex:
1. I ran into a woman. + I had worked with her.
I ran into a woman whom I had worked with.
I ran into a woman with whom I had worked.
2. An appropriate preposition will be used depending on the meaning of the

antecedent or the verb in the relative clause.
Ex:
1. I had a holiday during which I was able to see my family.
2. This is the book about which we talked yesterday.
3. A complete clause follows the structure preposition + relative pronoun.
Ex:
3. You have a sponsor to whom you must submit a report.
2. Indefinite pronoun + of + relative pronoun
one/eachsome/anymany / much / most

+ of + relative pronoun (whom /which/whose +
all/bothseveralhalf/the rest noun)
Ex:
4. The program enrolls 20 students. + All of the students are women.
The program enrolls 20 students, and all of them are women.
The program enrolls 20 students, all of whom are women.
3. Omitting subject relative pronouns
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The subject relative pronoun in the structure subject relative pronoun + be may be
omitted.
Ex:
1. The place (which was) chosen for the reception is beautiful.
2. I want to know the person (who is) responsible for this mess.
3. The park (which is) around my house is open for day use only.
PRACTICE
A. Fill in the gaps with who, which, or whose then answer the questions:
B. Fill in the correct relative pronoun. If it can be omitted, put it in brackets.
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TOEIC Questions
1 - Electronic delivery methods such as e-mail and fax are the most common ways
______ which international communications are made these days.
(A) to (B) for
(C) by (D) of
2. There were more than 100 graduate students in attendance at our internship fair, many
of ______ had prior work experience.
(A) who (B) whom
(C) them (D) that
3. Of the three applicants ________ for appointment to a managerial position, two have
worked in an international setting.
(A) eligibility (B) eligible
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(C) eligibly (D) eligibleness
4. The people ____________ names are on the list will receive incentives.
(A) who (B) whose
(C) also (D) that
5. The exhibition ____________ we visited yesterday was very interesting.
(A) who (B) whom
(C) that (D) whose
6. People _____________ about high taxes should talk to the accountant.
(A) concerned (B) to concern
(C) are concerned (D) whom concerned
7. We are looking for a person ________________ eligible for the managerial position.
(A) who (B) who are
(C) whom are (D) who is
8. People ___________ signed up for the program yesterday for a 5% discount.
(A) who (B) what
(C) whom (D) which
9. The company ____________ sells kids’s toys increased its productivity.
(A) whom (B) which
(C) who (D) what
IV. RELATIVE ADVERBS
1. Different relative adverbs are used depending on the antecedents.
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Antecedents Relative adverbs
Time [day, year, time] when
Reason [the reason] why
Place [place, building] where
Ex:
1. Thursday is the last day when classes meet.
2. The place where I had lunch has a great salad bar.
3. The article explains the reason why customers are so indecisive.
Note: When how is used, there is no antecedent
1. I tried to figure out the way the machine works.
2. I tried to figure out how the machine works.
2. Relative adverbs may be replaced by the structure preposition + relative pronoun.
Ex:
1. The conditions where (= in which) the laborers work are unacceptable.
2. The day when (= on which) he proposed to me was the best day of my life.
3. A complete clause follows a relative adverb; an incomplete clause follows a relative

pronoun.
Ex:
3. Tomorrow is the last time when we will be able to see each other before you go.
4. That is the boy who broke my window.
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PRACTICE
A. Cross out the incorrect subject or object pronoun in each sentence.
B. Fill in the correct relative adverb.
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C. Fill on who, which, whose, when, where, or why. Say whether they
Toeic Questions
98
D. Decide which of the choices (A), (B), (C), or (D) best completes the sentence.
1. Any person ________would like to visit the exhibition must have a written statement
of permission from administration.
(A) who (B) when
(C) which (D) whose
2.The new shuttle service, ________has been operating since last year, serves all of the
city’s main stopping points.
(A) who (B) which
(C) what (D) where
3. She applied to the company ______ she had previously worked when just out of
university.
(A) which (B) when
(C) of which (D) where
4. Find the computer file _________ I store all the information.
(A) in that (B) where
(C) which (D) when
5. I don’t know _____________ I should deal with this problem.
(A) the way how (B) how
(C) when (D) what
6. This is the bank _______________ I save all my money.
(A) where (B) how
(C) when (D) why
E. Choose a correct option for each sentence.
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1 Mr. Gomez is familiar with Asian culture, (which/they) will help him as the liaison
for Hong Kong.
2 All applicants (which/who) are waiting in line must have their documents ready.
3 Any staff writer (whose/that) proposal is selected for funding will receive an all-
paid vacation.
4 The company purchased mobile communication devices (those/that) serve both as

phones and e-mail portals.
5 Customers (who/they) wish to sign up for a store membership may stop by the
information.
6 Working for the firm allows you to purchase stock options (which/who) are offered
as incentives.
7 People (whom/whose) names are on the waiting list must call again tomorrow.
Decide whether each of the sentences below is correct or incorrect. If it is correct,

write “correct”; if it is incorrect, point out the mistake(s) and provide (a)
correction(s).
8 On your desk is the receipt for the airline tickets where must be picked up
tomorrow.
9 The number of entertainment programs that is directed at young adults is steadily

increasing.
10 The upcoming workshop is the first one that the company having organized.
11 Miscommunication between coworkers is a problem when has caused a lot of

tension in the office.
12 The main building, that houses the superior officers, has an electronically
monitored gate.
13 The company manufactures diet pills and sleeping tablets, both of them are top
sellers.
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14 The surroundings where the employees work are pleasant.
F. Choose the correct answer:
LESSON 9
REVISION
101
A. Choose the correct answer:
1. The director developed a list of criteria 8. Mr. Thompson collected a list of

for development, _______ he feels will employees ______ were unable to attend the
boost the official company picnic.
company’s prestige. (A) whose (B) who
(A) which (B) that (C) whom (D) whoever
(C) what (D) who

2. A conference to discuss the terms of the 9. Enclosed with this letter is a pre-
settlement will be held at a time and place addressee stamped envelope ______to mail
________ to both parties involved. your application for membership to our
club.
(A) acceptance (B) acceptingly
(A) which (B) in which
(C) accept (D) acceptable
(C) what (D) whenever
3 Interpid Travel employed eight certified 10. The company is requesting that high-
agents, all of ________ were trained at the level executives complete a survey _______
details what their main tasks consist of.
same institute in Manhattan.
(A) who (B) why
(A) what (B) whom
(C) which (D) where
(C) this (D) their
4. Conference attendees ______ confirm 11. The package ________was sent to Mr.
their attendance early will be eligible for Jones was returned to us when the mail
pre¬assigned seating. carrier could not locate the address on the
shipping label.
(A) whose (B) what
(A) when (B) who
(C) who (D) whom
(C) what (D) that
5. At a meeting yesterday, we studied the 12. GasCo sells more than 8 million gallons
most recent budget proposal, _______the of oil a year, half of _______ is consumed
board thinks will help pull the corporation in the United States alone.
out of debt.
(A) many (B) which
(A) whether (B) where
(C) each (D) whose
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(C) which (D) that
6. Changes in our organizational structure 13. Please tell the person in charge to let us
have created ways for employees to explore know _______ the assessment forms have
opportunities _______ were previously not been completed by the participants.
available.
(A) when (B) that
(A) what (B) those
(C) what (D) whatever
(C) that (D) there
7. People entering business administration 14 A dinner will take place next Friday to
need a broad knowledge of the culture in honor Richard Perkins, ______ has been a
_____ they will eventually put their great asset to this bank for over thirty years.
professional raining to work.
(A) who (B) which
(A) which (B) that
(C) whose (D) of which
(C) whom (D) whose
15. When the director asked ______ 18. The Mother Nature Garden Show,
responsibility the project was, he was told ________ annually demonstrates the newest
that it was the CEO’s. technology in horticulture, draws over
5,000 after during its week-long run.
(A) who (B) which
A) when (B) which
(C) whose (D) that
(C) where (D) whose
16. Mr. McKenzie _______has been 19. We are currently seeking a partner firm
working on the campaign longer than _______ marketing principles are similar to
anyone else will take charge of the project. our own.
(A) whom (B) whose our own.
(C) who (D) which (A) who (B) which
(C) whose (D) where

17. Only Speedy Shipping offers a variety of 20 An employee ________ performance
delivery options _______utilize both air and during a specified period is satisfactory is
sea transportation. entitled to a wage increase based on current
standards.
(A) why (B) that
(A) who (B) whom
(C) where (D) what
(C) whose (D) in which
103
Part 6
Questions 21-23 refer to the following e-mail.
From: lcolltns@squaresystems.com
To: rafael@squaresystems.com
Re: Press conference
Rafael,
The correct date for the press conference is on December 16. In my last communication,
I ___________________
21(A) consequently (B) properly
(C) mistakenly (D) substantially
told you that it would be on December 12. I got the date mixed up with an appointment I
have with a reporter from Business Week. You probably already know that Alan and I
______________ arranged
22.(A) have (B) to have
(C) having had (D) would
special bus service between the hotel where the conference will be held and our offices.
This is to facilitate the transport of staff, guests and equipment to the hotel. I'm trying to
verify the name of the delegates _________ will be using the service to make certain
that we have a sufficient number of seats.
23.(A) whose (B) whom
(C) which (D) who
. Could you send me this list as soon as possible?
B. Choose the word or phrase that best completes the sentence.
104
105
106
COLLOCATION WITH ADJECTIVES
107
108
109
110
111
112
CHAPTER 3
READING
COMPREHENSION
DOUBLE PASSAGES
LESSON 10
113
E-MAILS / LETTERS
In Part 7, there are also four sets of two related passages which are called double
passages. For e-mail / letter-related readings, the first is an e-mail or a letter; the second is
possibly another e-mail / letter or an invoice, announcement, etc. which is related or
responds in some way to the first one.
Typical Passages
E-mail & E-mail: An e-mail requests for a change in a meeting schedule and an
e-mail responds to that request.
E-mail & Order: An e-mail from a customer is sent to a household appliance
company and an order lists the items wanted.
E-mail & Announcement: An e-mail invites somebody to a conference and an
announcement states the date, venue, events, and speakers.
Letter & E-mail: A letter sent from a company introduces a promotion or a job
offer and an e-mail accepts it.
Useful Tips
Step 1: Identify the key words in the questions to decide which reading you should first
refer to. For double passages which include e-mails and /or letters, the sender's and
recipient's names and the verbs in the questions are usually the key words. You can then,
look at the parts From: ... and To:…… to quickly read the corresponding reading.
Step 2: Look for the first hint related to the key words in either of the readings, then look
for the second hint in the other one and use them both in order to choose the correct
answers.
Reading 1. E-mail
To: Vannah Bianca <bianc@kinosis.net>
114
From: Alexander Trebek <alter@bayou.eom>
Thank you for your order (05900) dated April 11. Unfortunately, portions of your order
are currently out of stock:
* Conference room chairs - $1,879.99 * Bookcase — $3-49.99 * Filing cabinets $

299.99.
I contacted our supplier, and they informed me that they will be shipping us new stock
within two weeks. I can | send you the items when they arrive, or refund you for the
purchases. I apologize for the trouble.
Reading 2 : E-mail
To; Alexander Trebek <alter@bayou.com>
From: Vannah Bianca <blanc@kinesis.net>
Dear Mr. Trebek,
Thanks for updating me on the status of my order. Actually, send me everything when it
arrives, except the conference room chairs. I will simply order the chairs from a different
company. You can refund the cost of the chairs by providing us with a company credit
certificate. Thanks again.
Q: For what amount does Ms. Blanca want to be refunded?
Reading Practice
Read the following passages and choose the best answer to each question given.
Dear Ms. Kimmel,
We at O’Brien Kitchen Supplies received your recent order (#skim338531) for the
following items:
Product number Description Amount

P-493 Danforth dinner plates 12
B-820 Danforth soup bowls 8
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C-243 Revere silver soup spoons 18
Your credit card will be charged for the purchase, and your order will be shipped within
three business days. If you have any questions, please contact us by e-mail at
cservice@obrienkitchsupplies.net.
To: cservice@obrienkitchsupplies.net
From: Sara Kimmel <saykim@jmail.com
Subject: order (#skim338531)
I am writing in reference to my recent order (#skim338531). The order is correct and

complete but I was wondering if I could make some changes. I originally ordered 8 of
item B-820 but would like to increase that number to 12.
1. What is the main purpose of the letter?
(A) To promote new products
(B) To confirm order details
(C) To notify a customer of unavailable items
2. What item does Ms. Kimmel want to order more of ?
(A) Spoons
(B) Soup bowls
(C) Dinner plates
Dear Mr. Chamroom,
It was great to see you again in Kuala Lumpur for the trade fair, and I wish I had more
time to speak with you about some of the challenges you are having managing your
company’s Bangkok branch. Our company is sponsoring the upcoming Intercultural
Office Management (IOM) Conference this June. I am sending you an attachment of the
conference schedule. I think the conference might useful for you, especially Gordon
Ramsey’s presentation on cultural sensitivity in an office environment. I do hope you can
make it to the conference.
Lilian Chen
116
Fifth Intercultural Office Management (IOM) Conference
June 9-11 , Temasek Hotel
The following is a list of events planned for the biannual IOM Conference this June.
Those wishing to attend the conference are urged to contact Delia Lee at dellee@iom.org.
3. What is the day of the event which Ms. Chen recommends to Mr. Chamroom?
(A) June 9 (B) June l0 (C) June 11
4 What is true about the events listed in schedule?
(A) Their times have changed.
(B) They are hosted once a year.
(C) They will be held at a hotel.
Questions 01-05 refer to the following e-mails.
From: Angela Lansbury <1 ands@directtravel.net>
To: Andy Griffith <griffendor@cartwrightcngineering.com>
Subjects: Change of flights
I finally managed to find some seats for the flight to Dubai to attend the manufacturing
Technology convention. Persia Air is fully booked; however, there are three other options
you can choose from.
Arabia Air has the 20 seats we requested, but they are all economy seats. I know you
wanted to book 6 business class seats for the senior management. The flight leaves on
117
Friday, April 9 and arrives on Saturday. So, you have a day and a half free before the
convention begins on Monday.
The second option is Middle Eastern Airlines. They can provide us with 6 business class
seats and 14 in economy class. They are cheaper than Arabia Air, but the problem is that
there is no direct flight. We will have a 6-hour stopover in Amsterdam, but the flight
arrives on Saturday.
The last option is Aladdin Airways. The prices are less expensive than the other two, and
they can accommodate all our seat requirements. However, the flight arrives at 4 a.m. on
Sunday, so that doesn’t give people much time to rest and prepare for the convention.
Anyway, please contact me right away because tickets are selling fast, so they need to be
booked as soon as possible.
From: Andy Griffith <griffendor@cartwrightengineering.com>
To: Angela Lansbury < lands@directtravel.net>
Subject: Flights
Thanks for your e-mail. I know it is not easy to find flights with the convention only two
weeks away. The executives will want business class seats, so we should book our flights
with the airline that arrives on Saturday night. I think we will all need our rest after such
a long trip, and they can provide the seats we need for a reasonable price. Go ahead and
book those tickets, and send me an itinerary when it is done. Also, please make sure to
request seats near the exit or window for everyone's comfort.
Thanks a lot!
1 Why is Ms. Lansbury contacting Mr. Griffith?
(A) To provide flight information
(B) To make hotel reservations
(C) To confirm convention attendance
(D) To request personal information
2 What is indicated about Aladdin Airways?
(A) It arrives on Saturday.
118
(B) It is the least expensive.
(C) It has no business class seats available.
(D) It does not provide direct routes to Dubai.
3 What is indicated in the second e-mail?
(A) An itinerary has been sent.
(B) The flight is very long.
(C) The convention lasts for two weeks
(D) A discount will be offered.
4 What airline does Mr. Griffith choose?
(A) Persia Air
(B) Middle Eastern Airlines
(C) Aladdin Airways
(D) Arabia Air
5 What is Mr. Griffith concerned about?
(A) Finding a hotel with available rooms
(B) Arranging transportation to the convention center
(C) Arriving on time for the event
(D) Making sure the travelers are comfortable
Questions 06-10 refer to the following e-mails.
To: John Walton
From: Mary Allen, Mountain Promotions
Date: JV1 ay 4
Subject: Meeting
Dear Mr. Walton,
119
I know we have a meeting scheduled for Friday, May 7 to discuss your advertising plans,
but I am afraid I will have to postpone the appointment. My team is currently working on
a promotional campaign for Archetype Corp., and they want us to make a short
presentation at that time. Could we meet on Monday, May10 instead?
I am looking forward to meeting with you and going through some ideas for advertising
your product. Also, if you could send me some details about what type of advertising
campaign you are interested in. I could come up with a few ideas before we meet.
1 apologize for this delay and hope to hear from you soon.
Sincerely,
Mary Allen.
6 Why did Ms. Allen write the e-mail?
(A) To arrange a presentation
(B) To reschedule a meeting
(C) To make changes to an advertising campaign
(D) To request a price list
7 According to the first e-mail, what will Ms. Allen do on Friday?
120
(A) Make a presentation
(B) Meet with her director
(C) Attend a seminar
(D) Travel out of town
8 When is Mr. Walton’s medical appointment?
(A) May 9
(B) May 10
(C) May 1 1
(D) May 12
9 What did Mr. Walton send with his e-mail?
(A) A copy of a contract
(B) Contact information
(C) Details about a product promotion
(D) A sales report
10 What does Mr. Walton ask Ms. Allen to do?
(A) Send him a document
(B) Telephone him
(C) Cancel his appointment
(D) Meet at his office
121
11. What is the purpose of this letter?
(A) To ask for a job
(B) To describe a company
(C) To recommend an employee for a new job
(D) To advertise a position
12. The word "motivated" in paragraph 2, line 1, is closest in meaning to
(A) committed
(B) irritated
(C) intelligent
(D) mobile
13. What has Alice Newbold done for the past five years?
(A) She has been an administrative assistant.
(B) She has worked for a marketing company.
122
(C) She has looked for a job.
(D) She has supervised James Jones.
Find these words and phrases, and guess their meanings ‘in this memo.
14 authorized
(A) have permission
(B) wrote a book
15 submit
(A) give
(B) tell about
16. in advance
(A) very skilled
(B) before
17. keep track of
(A) ride a train
(B) know about
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18. What is the purpose of this memo?
(A) To order new supplies
(B) To explain a new system
(C) To introduce Mr. Whitehead
(D) To describe where supplies are kept
19. Who has keys to the supply closet?
(A) Only Ms. Lee
(B) Only Mr. Whitehead
(C) Both Ms. Lee and her assistant
(D) All office staff
20. The word "essential" in paragraph 2, line 2, is closest in meaning to
(A) dispensable
(B) expensive
(C) forgotten
(D) necessary
21. How can a staff member get office supplies?
(A) By filling out a form
(B) By asking for the key to the supply closet
(C) By ordering them from the supply company
(D) By calling Ms. Lee
124
125
LESSON 11
ADVERTISEMENTS
For advertisement-related readings, the first is an advertisement on a
product/service/event or a job advertisement; the second is possibly a non-prose reading,
an article, an e-mail or a letter which asks for more information about the advertised
thing, or an e-mail or a letter applying for the job.
Typical Passages
Advertisement & Non-Prose An advertisement advertises a product and a

Reading: leaflet gives instructions on how to use the
product.
Advertisement & Article: An advertisement advertises a product and an

article comments on the product.
Advertisement & E-mail: An advertisement mentions an upcoming

event and an e-mail requests necessary
materials for participants.
An advertisement mentions a job/position

vacancy and an e-mail applies for it.
Useful Tips
Step 1: Identify the key words in the questions to decide which reading you should first
refer to.
Step 2: Look for the first hint related to the key words in either of the readings, then look
for the second hint in the other one and use them both in order to choose the correct
answers.
Reading 1: Advertisement
Grand Opening of Jewel Hotel’s Event Hall!
126
Starting on May 1, Jewel Hotel opens its brand new event hall! Catering, floral
arrangements, and even entertainment can be arranged for a variety of events. As a
special offer to promote our grand opening, we are offering a free three-night stay at the
hotel for two guests when reserving the halt from May 5 to June 5. E-mail us at
reserv@jewel.org for an estimate or reservations.
Reading 2: E-mail
To: reserv@jewel.org
Prom: Margie Nicastro <Margnicastro@bmail.com>
My daughter is getting married on May 19 and we are looking for a facility to hold her
wedding reception. We expect about 120 guests, and would require dinner and floral
arrangements as well. We will provide our own entertainment, but would need the sound
system set up. Could you please send me a rough estimate? If the cost is within our
budget, we would like to make a reservation on that day.
Q: What will Ms. Nicastro probably receive for free if she rents the hall?
Reading Practice
Interlingua Electronic Dictionary
- 20 different world languages!
- A list of common phrases for world travelers!
- A database of more than half a million words!
- An audio function to listen to pronunciation!
Interlingua electronic dictionaries are the number one seller on the market. Our newest
model for $129.99 and can be purchased at most electronics stores and travel shops. For
further information, visit our website at www.interlingua.net.
OPERATION INSTRUCTIONS: Interlingua Electronic Dictionary (Model IED45,

IED47, IED63, IED69)
127
1 . Plug the charger into your electronic dictionary. Let the battery charge until the
green light comes on.
2. Press ‘'select” to choose the language you wish to translate.
3. “Type in the word or phrase you wish to translate, and then press "enter”.
4. For a pronunciation guide, press “select” and use the arrow keys to choose
“pronunciation”.
* Only for IED69: For audio pronunciation, scroll down and select “audio".
1, Where can the electronic dictionari purchased?
1. At a website (B) At bookstores (C) At travel shops
2. What model number is most likely being advertised?
A) IED45 (B) IED63 (C) IED69
GRAPHICS ARTIST WANTED: Harlequin Advertising
Harlequin Advertising is seeking an experienced graphics artist. Applicants must have a

minimum of three years of experience in graphics design and an applicable university
degree. A strong knowledge the French language is also desirable. Duties will include
development of print advertisements for Harlequin’s clients. Only candidates chosen for
interviews will be contacted. To apply for the position, send your resume, cover letter and
list of references to Arlene Sorkin at Arlsork@harlequinads.com.
To: Arlene Sorkin -<Arlsork@harlequinads.com>
From: Ram Isley <Pisley@yeeha.com>
Subject: Graphics artist position
Dear Ms. Sorkin,
I am writing in response to your company’s advertisement for a graphics artist. I am

currently working as a graphics artist for Thurman Publishing, a position I have held for
the past four years. I also excellent computer skills and work well with a team. I am
forwarding you a copy of my résumé and other documents you requested. I do hope to
hear from you soon.
128
3. What does Harlequin Advertising NOT ask applicants to send?
(A) A resume (B) A diploma (C) A reference list
4. According to the e-mail, which qualification for the job does Ms. Isley meet?
(A) Fluency in French
(B) A relevant university degree
(C) Experience in graphics design
Questions 01-05 refer to the following advertisement and e-mail.
Royal Indian Cruise Lines Recruitment Fair
March 11, 9:00 a.m.-6:30 p.m.
Raj Motel and Resort, Bengali Mall
Royal Indian Cruise Lines recently added three new ships to its fleet. We will be hosting
a recruitment fair to fill job openings created by this expansion. Our managers and
directors will be conducting on-site interviews for the following positions in our
restaurant and food preparation department:
- wait staff
- extent lanners
- head chefs
- assistant chefs
- kitchen staff
Royal Indian Cruise Lines offers all employees full medical coverage, competitive
salaries, paid vacations and generous biannual bonuses. Applicants wishing serious
consideration are requested to send us an application package including a résumé, cover
letter, current employment status and a medical history report. Please send these
documents to our main office in Mumbai by February 21.
Royal Indian Cruise Lines
Personnel Department
129
153 Besant Road
Shiva Building, Mumbai 400-018
*Faxes or e-mails will not be accepted.
To: Indira Kurian <indkurian@ballyhoo.com>
From: Sanjeev R.ao <sanrao@osn.org>
Subject: Recruitment Fair
Date: February 18
We received the application package you sent us, but unfortunately, it is incomplete. We
received your resume, cover letter and current employment .status. We will require the
additional documents before we can register you for our recruitment fair and schedule an
interview' for you. Please send us this information as soon as possible. Once we have
received it, we will send you an e-mail with a list of available times for interviews. I have
attached a list of specific jobs with this e-mail for you to go through and select which
positions you might be interested in.
Thank you for your interest in Royal Indian Cruise Lines.
1 What is being advertised?
(A) A recruitment event
(B) A cruise line
(C ) A travel agency
(D) A restaurant
2 What is NOT mentioned about Royal Indian Cruise Lines?
(A) It is based in Mumbai.
(B) It is hiring new managers.
130
(C) It recently expanded its fleet.
(D) It offers a bonus package.
3 In the advertisement, the word “consideration” in paragraph 2, line 2 is closest in

meaning to
(A) sensitivity
(B) mention
(C) notation
(D) attention
4 What is Ms. Kurian asked to provide?
(A) Medical information
(B) Insurance papers
(C) An identification card
(D) A telephone number
5 Why did Mr. Rao attach a list of available jobs?
(A) To assist Ms. Kurian in arranging her trip.
(B) To help Ms. Kurian select jobs to a apply for.
(C) To inform Ms. Kurian of pay rates
(D) To review Ms. Kurian’s interview schedule.
Questions 06-10 refer to the following advertisement and memo.
Buddha’s Bungalow
45 Sunset Drive, NW
Located in the historic and quiet residential area of Sunnydale, Buddha’s Bungalow has
the comforts of home, close to home. Relax while experiencing the remarkable service,
fine dining, and fresh tastes of Asia. We use only the highest quality organic ingredients,
along with flavors and spices imported from the Last, to ensure you a taste extravaganza
you’ll never forge. We’re taking things a step further with our new Daily Deals Lunch
Specials!
131
Pop in for Monday Madness where we offer a delectable selection of appetizers for only
$9.99. On Tasty Tuesday, our head chef whips up a culinary masterpiece of his own
invention and it’s bound to lie superb. Mouth-Watering Wednesday leaves you licking
your lips because every dish comes with a fresh fruit shake! Order any entrée off our
menu on Terrific Thursday for 60 percent off the regular price! Drop by on Fantastic
Friday and finish your meal with a complimentary dessert. Don’t miss out on a chance to
awaken your taste buds. Hurry to Buddha’s Bungalow today!
"‘Buddha’s Bungalow offers the most abundant lunch specials in town. Choose from a
selection of sizzling curries and tempting noodle dishes, all served with a generous bowl
of rice, a variety of appetizers and your choice of authentic teas. You are guaranteed to
leave full.”
Amber Jasperson. Food Critic.
“Filled with authentic smells, cushions, wall ornaments and trinkets from Southeast Asia,
walking into Buddha’s Bungalow is like-being whisked away to Thailand.”
Carrie Dwight. Food Choice Writer
6. What is emphasized about the food in the restaurant?
(A) It is made hot and spicy.
(B) It is made in Thailand and flown in.
(C) It is made by Asians.
132
(D) It is made from naturally grown ingredients.
7. What does the critic say about the restaurant?
(A) The decor imitates the Indian environment.
(B) Its menu is priced reasonably.
(C) They offer a wide variety of lunch items.
(D) The location is convenient.
8. What is the purpose of the memo?
(A) To describe the new lunch menu
(B) To ask for additional help during lunch hours
(C) To inform employees of new operating hours
(D) To announce a new work schedule
9. In the memo, the word “set” in paragraph 1, line 6 is closest in meaning to
(A) solidify
(B) establish
(C) gather
(D) put
10. On what day does the restaurant require four extra kitchen staff?
(A) On Monday
(B) On Tuesday
(C) On Thursday
(D) On Friday
Question 11-13 refer to the following advertisement and letter
133
134
11. What kind of work is advertised?
(A) Human resources
(B) Architecture
(C) Management
(D) Marketing
12. In the letter, the word “impact” in paragraph 2, line 4, is closest in meaning to
(A) effect
(B) collision
135
(C) force
(D) problem
13. What requirement stated in the advertisement does Ms. Dankert NOT address?
(A) Budget management experience
(B) Experience with promotional events
(C) Knowledge of computer software
(D) Supervisory skills
Question 14-18 refer to the following advertisement and email.
136
14. Where did Kelvin Adams see the ad?
(A) On the Internet
137
(B) In the newspaper
(C) In a shop
15. What feature probably attracted Kelvin to this apartment?
(A) The central heating
(B) The price
(C) The location
16. How many rooms are there in the apartment?
(A) 2
(B) 5
(C) 6
17. What does Kelvin request?
(A) Directions to the apartment
(B) Pictures of the apartment
(C) An appointment in March
18. Which of the following is likely to be a problem?
(A) The availability date
(B) The policy on pets
(C) The apartment size
138
Questions 19-23 refer to the following advertisement and letter
139
20. How far is the hotel from the beach?
(A) 5 minutes
(B) 30 minutes
(C) 1 hour
(D) 2 hours
21. What is advertised as part of the package?
(A) A suite of rooms
(B) A private beach
(C) A chance to visit a second country
(D) A chance to visit historic ruins
22. How does Mr. dayman feel about the hotel?
(A) He is unhappy there was nowhere to swim.
(B) He is angry his balcony was too small.
(C) He did not like the size of the Jacuzzi.
(D) He feels the advertisement misrepresented the hotel.
23. What was Mr. dayman NOT disappointed about?
(A) The view from his window
(B) The quality of the food
(C) The tour to Turkey
(D) The lack of a bus service
24. Which option does Mr. dayman wish he had chosen?
(A) The visit to the local villages
(B) The trip to Turkey
(C) The snorkeling tour
(D) The visit to Kefalonia
140
LESSON 12
LESSON 14
ANNOUNCEMENTS
For announcement-related readings, the first is an announcement; the second is possibly

an article, a non-prose reading, or an e-mail. Mostly, an e-mail responds to the
announcement.
Typical Passages
Announcement & Non-Prose Reading An announcement is about a seminar and a

form is sent in for participation.
Announcement & E-mail: An announcement is about a workshop
which is going to be held and an
e-mail requests for detailed information on

the workshop.
An announcement is about a journey

itinerary and costs and an e-mail mentions
some change in joining the journey.
Useful Tips
Step 1: Identify the key words in the questions to decide which reading you should
first refer to.
Step 2: Look for the first hint related to the key words in either of the readings, then
look for the second hint in the other one and use them both in order to choose the correct
answers.
Reading 1: Announcement
Soundbyte Magazine announces its convenient new online advertising registration

service, available at www.soundbyte.org. Advertisement submissions are accepted until 5
141
p.m on Fridays for Category A (Non- Profit Organizations and Individuals) and before 12
noon on Tuesdays for Category B (Businesses). Bates are $5 for Category A and $25 for
Category B. The magazine is out on newsstands Wednesdays for the low price of $3.
Reading 2: E-mail
To: Soundbyte Magazine
From: Natalie Bowers
Subject: Advertisement submission
I’d like to place a Category A advertisement in your publication:
For Sale: T4-A high-performance loudspeakers. Compact design and professional sound
quality. Only owned for 6months. Good as new. $1.600 or negotiable.
Please send the billing statement for the advertisement to 283 Moa St, Pt. Chevalier,
Auckland. Thank you.
Q: How much will Natalie’s advertisement cost?
Reading Practice
Read the following passages and choose the best answer to each question given
142
THE CAROLINA BALLET COMPANY
SPONSORSHIP FORM
Thank you for your generosity and kind support for the Carolina Ballet Company.
Name: Mary Martin Tel.: 555-9382 Mob.: 003 555-798
Address: 1485 Neverland Lane, Raleigh, NC.
Please select which type of sponsorship you are interested in.  Patron  Benefactor
Total amount of your donation: $490 Method of payment:  Credit card  Cash
 personal check
1 How many performances does the Carolina Ballet Company do each year?
(A) One
(B) Two
(C) Three
2 What benefit will Ms. Martin receive?
(A) A CD of productions
143
( B ) Reserved seating
(C) A costume for the Ball
Evergreen University China Tour
The history department will be sponsoring a study trip to China this year. Students can
enroll for course and receive university credit. The courses are as follows:
Please contact Rosalind Chao at rochao@evergreen.net for further information or to

register.
03 What is the purpose of the announcement?
(A) To provide information on a tour
(B) To schedule summer courses
(C) To request registration fees
04. For which course did Colm Meaney enroll?
(A) Post-revolutionary China
(B) History of the Tang Dynasty
(C) Modern Chinese Archaeology
144
Questions 01-05 refer to the following announcement and e-mail.
North African Congress of Public Utilities Development
Urban Planning Presentations and Workshops: April 6-10
Several presentations and workshops will be conducted during the congress. These
activities are geared toward city planners, and topics will include sanitation technology,
environmental advances, park development and water safety. The presentations will be
conducted by urban planning professionals from all over the globe. The goal is to help
city planners renew their knowledge of urban development.
LOCATION:
The presentations and workshops will be held at the Ramesseum Motel in Cairo, only
five minutes from the convention center where the congress will be held. The hotel has
also agreed to offer a discounted rate on accommodation to those attending these events.
CANCELLATIONS:
A fee of $50 will be charged to those cancelling by April 3. Those cancelling after this
date will not be reimbursed for their admission fees. Cancellations must be made in
writing.
FEES:
The cost is $300 for full admission to all presentations and workshops. The fee includes
lunch at the hotel.
To: reservations@ramesseumhotel.net
From: harveydent@regnet.com
Subject: Hotel reservation
I am planning on attending the urban planning presentations and workshops at your hotel
145
during the North African Congress of Public Utilities Development. I would like to stay
at your hotel for a total of four nights from April 5-10.
The announcement for the events at your facilities stated that your hotel has a special
offer for attendees to the workshops and presentations. Could you please send me the
details of your offer*?
Thanks for your time.
Harvey Dent
1 According to the announcement, who are the workshops and presentations for?
(A) Sanitation engineers
(B) City planners
(C) Environmentalists
(D) Hotel employees
2 In the announcement, the word “renew” in paragraph 1 , line 4 is closest in

meaning to
(A) exchange
(B) apply
(C) renovate
(D) update
3 What is NOT mentioned as a cancellation policy?
(A) Refunds will be given three days after the event.
(B) Those who cancel by April 3 will be charged a fee.
(C) Admission fees are not refunded for cancellations after April 3.
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(D) Only written cancellations are accepted.
4 What can be inferred about the presentation?
(A) They will be held at the convention
(B) Presenters are from several different countries.
(C) They are free of charge to congress attendees.
(D) Advance registration is required.
5 What does Mr. Dent request?
(A) Shuttle schedules from the airport
(B) Information on discounted room rat
(C) Complimentary meal vouchers
(D) Hotel restaurant discounts
Questions 06-10 refer to the following announcement and membership form.
Metropolitan Museum of Arts and Sciences (MMAS)
A Presentation by Mustafa Khalil
Date and time: February 28, 4:00 p.m.
Location: MMAS event hall
The Metropolitan Museum of Arts and Sciences (MMAS) is pleased to present a lecture
by Mustafa Khalil, famed Libyan film director. Mr. Khalil will be speaking about the
new generation of Middle Eastern filmmakers. Following the speech, the newest film by
Mr. Khalil Children of the Sand will be shown.
Mr. Khalil is an expert in Middle Eastern film and has made more than twenty movies in
his forty-year career as a director. His film Women at the Well won several international
awards. In addition, Mr. Khalil also spends much of his time offering advice to new up-
and-coming directors.
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Following the film, a reception will be held in the museum's gardens at 7:30 p.m. Guests
will have a chance to meet Mr. Khalil as well as several other young film directors from
the Middle East. Reservations for the reception are required. If you would like to reserve
a seat, please contact our public relations manager.
Tickets for this event are $12 for guests and $10 for students. Those wishing to become
members can fill in the enclosed form.
Metropolitan Museum of Arts and Sciences (MMAS)
MEMBERSHIP APPLICATION
Benefits of Metropolitan Museum Membership:
- Free admission to all events at the museum
- Free admission to the museum for one year
- Subscription to Modern Film Magazine
- Tickets for annual Grand Ball event
Membership fees are $120 for individuals and $200 for families. Please fill in the
following information and return it, along with your payment to our public relations
office.
Name: ………………………………………………………………
Address:………………………………………………………………
Family members: ………………………………………………..
Phone number:…………………………………………………
E-mail: ……………………………………………………………
Type of membership requested: ……………………………………………………………
Method of payment: ……………………………………………………………
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*All members wishing to make reservations for particular events can call our public
relations manager Mark Lee at 555-4323.
06 What is toeing advertised in the announcement?
1. A movie (B) A talk (C) A tour (D) An exhibition
07. Who is Mustafa Khalil?
(A) An actor
(B) An artist
(C) A filmmaker
(D) A museum curator
08. What does a single membership for the museum cost?
(A) $10 (B)$1 2 (C) $120 (D) $200
09. What is being indicated about the event February 28?
(A) Admission is free for those with memberships.
(B) There is limited seating.
(C) Tickets can be purchased at the door.
(D) It is for museum staff only.
10. What should people do if they want to attend the reception?
(A) Buy a ticket
(B) Visit the public relations office
(C) Gall Mark Lee
(D) Fill in a form
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Questions 11- 15 refer to the following announcement and form.
150
11. What is the purpose of the announcement'?
(A) To introduce a new trainer
(B) To provide details about a conference
(C) To advertise business classes
(D) To promote a sales convention
12. In the announcement, the word “delivering” in paragraph 1 , line 5 is closest in

meaning to
(A) sending
(B) naming
(C) presenting
(D) traveling
13. What is MOT a subject of a course?
(A) Developing management strategies
(B) Creating a reward and commission system
(C) Designing a company website
(D) Lowering office expenditures
14. What is the fee for the course Mr. Koppel plans to attend?
(A) $300
(B) $350
(C) $400
(D) $450
15. What does Mr. Koppel want to know?
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(A) Whether a course is still available
(B) Whether the company provides a discount for groups
(C) The dates scheduled for one of the classes
(D) The e-mail address of a trainer
LESSON 13
ARTICLES
For article-related readings, the first is an article; the second is possibly another article, a
non-prose reading, letter, or an e-mail. Mostly, an e-mail responds to the article.
and Useful Tips
Typical Passages
Article & Article: An article reports a show recently held and

an article introduces the products of a
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company having participated in the show.
Article & Non- Prose Reading: An article reports a promotion campaign of

a business and a table shows details of this
promotion campaign.
Article & Letter: An article gives comments on a book
recently published and a letter written by the
author shows his objection to the comments.
Article & E-mail: An article introduces a new product and an
e-mail shows the support of a customer.
Useful Tips
first refer to.
answers.
Reading 1: Article
Mall Opening Scheduled for March
Manchester's newest shopping mall will open in March. Katherine Jones, the vice-
president of Brighton Properties, came up with the idea of the shopping center which
blended in with the neighborhood. Jones hired famed architect Mike Douglas to create
the structure, which used components of previously existing buildings to build a shopping
mall. The shopping mall will include 90 stores and a cinema. The grand opening is
scheduled for March 19.
Reading 2: E-mail
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To: Darren Mayes
From: Joseph Brighton
I just got back from an inspection of the new Manchester mall. Everything seems to be
going as planned. The only problem I had was with the exterior of the building on Birch
Street. Your architect has used the fronts of existing buildings to develop the mall.
However, the entrance is very small and there is no space for cars to stop. I think we will
need to expand the size of the entrance. Please speak with the architect and let me know
what you think.
Q: Who will Darren Mayes most likely speak with?
Reading Practice
UTV Delays Premiere of Cosmos 3
The UTV network announced Monday that its newest science fiction series. Cosmos 3,
will not be launched this fall as previously scheduled. The network gave no specific
reasons for the delay, but did deny that it was caused by budgetary issues. However, Kyra
Farrell, UTV spokesperson, did confirm that there was a recent cast change for the actress
playing the lead female role. Sources close to the production claim that this is the primary
reason for the delay. Industry insiders claim that the actress dropped out of the show
following several disagreements with the director of the series. Gene Barry.
Cosmos 3: Impressive Despite the Delay
After nearly a five-month delay, UTVs new space fantasy Cosmos 3 will premiere on the
network this Thursday night at 8 p.m. Marina Mulgrew was originally cast in the lead
role of Captain Zalda was later replaced by Zoe Nichols early In the production.
However, perhaps the wait was worth it. Cosmos 3 is sure to impress audiences with its
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innovative stories and incredible special effects
1. Who is the director of Cosmos 3?
(A) Kyra Farrell (B) Gene Barry (C) Zoe Nichols
2. Why was the premiere of Cosmos 3 delayed?
(A) The show went overbudget.
(B) Gene Barry was busy with another production.
(C) Marina Mulgrew was replaced with Zoe Nichols.
Free Trial Versions Meet with Success for Anti-Virus Software
One of the most recent trends in marketing anti-virus software is offering a trial version
of the program for free. Users can download the software without charge, and use it for a
specified time. After that time is up, they have the option of paying a fee for continued
use of the full version of the program and regular updates for the software. AVAGE was
the first company to use this marketing tool, now the second highest seller of anti-virus
software around the world. In fact, of the top selling virus programs, only the eighth
bestseller does not provide customers with a free trial version of their software.
3. Which software company was the first to provide a free trial version?
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(A) V-Killer
(B) Bugfix
(C) AVAGE
4. What is suggested about the Netrodent software program?
(A) It is the highest selling anti-virus software.
(B) It is only for sale as a full version program.
(C) It provides free software updates.
Questions 01-05 refer to the following article and e-mail.
Decrease in Amazon Deforestation Is no Reason for Celebration
Recent government reports show that the rate of deforestation in the Amazon basin has
de-creased by nearly 20 percent since the 1 970s. Officials say this is the lowest rate since
1991. But environmental critics say it is too soon for celebration. Most of the
deforestation is due to construction of new towns, clearing land for soybean fields and
creating grazing land for cattle.
Dr. Sonya Braga from the ministry of the National Institute of Space Research (NISR) in
Brazil says, "At the current rate of deforestation, the Amazon rainforest will be half its
size in just two decades.” NISR conducts annual studies of the rainforest by examining
pictures of area taken by satellite.
Since 1 970, the Amazon rainforest has decreased in size by nearly 1 million square
miles. Sot scientists say that one square kilometer of rain forest may contain up to 150
thousand species of trees and plants, not to mention the vast array of animal life and
insects. Although advances are being made in slowing down deforestation, more
protective measures are necessary to guarantee the safety of this world treasure.
To: Jan Grady
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from: Greg Knight
Subject: Deforestation article
Dear Ms. Grady,
Thank you for your article on the deforestation of the Amazon in Green Machine
Magazine’s May issue. I appreciate you informing the public on this serious problem.
However, there were a few facts in your article that were incorrect.
First, you mentioned that the size of the rainforest has decreased by 1 million square
miles in size since 1970. Actually, it decreased in size by 1 million square kilometers.
Also, you wrote that one square kilometer of rainforest can contain up to 150 thousand
species of plants and trees. Your number is correct, but this is ONLY for plants. There
are also 75,000 species of trees.
I just thought you might want to know about these errors. But again, I want to thank you
for doing your part in conserving what is left of the Amazon rainforest, and agree with
your opinion about the area. I look forward to reading your articles in next month's issue.
Sincerely,
Greg Knight
Amazon Warrior Conservation Society
1 What is NOT mentioned in the article as a reason for deforestation in the Amazon?
(A) Construction of towns
(B) The sale of lumber
(C) Creating grazing land
(D) Making soybean fields
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2 According to Ms. Braga, how long will it take for the rainforest to decrease by 50
percent?
(A) One year
(B) Ten years
(C) Fifteen years
(D) Twenty years
3 Why was the e-mail written?
(A) To report errors in the article
(B) To request a subscription
(C) To submit an article
(D) To ask for a donation
4 What can be inferred about Green Machine Magazine in the e-mail?
(A) It is available for purchase in Brazil.
(B) It is published monthly.
(C) It is a free publication.
(D) It is a new magazine.
5 What would Greg Knight and Jan Grady probably agree on?
(A) Government should increase the budget for the rainforest’s safety.
(B) Scientists need to pay more attention to the rainforest’s ecosystem.
(C) Farmers are to blame for deforestation of the rainforest.
(D) More needs to be done to conserve rainforest.
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UniCorp Announces Appointment of New Senior Vice President
New York: City-based financial investment firm, Unicorp. finally announced that
Donald Branson will be taking over as senior vice president of the European branch.
The announcement comes after months of speculation as to who would take over the
position after the retirement of Richard Trump, who held the job for more than fifteen
years.
Not surprisingly, Branson has worked as a regional director at Unicorp for the past
five years. Financial experts correctly predicted that Trump would find a replacement
within the company.
At a press conference in London on Tuesday, Branson announced that he will also be

organizing an investors’ meeting in Paris on Jan. 22. “It is both Mr. Trump’s and my
wish to make this transition go as smoothly as possible," he said, adding that the
meeting is intended for reassuring UniCorp investors in Europe that he is up to the
task.
Although most analysts agree that Branson is a reasonable replacement, a recent 3

percent drop in company shares reveals that this is not necessarily the ease for
everyone.
To: Gary Greenspan, Investment Relations Manager
From : Ivana Helmsley
Date: January 17
Subject: Investors’ meeting
Thank you for your message regarding the investors’ meeting to be held next week on
Jan. 22.
I would like to confirm that I will toe attending the meeting and would like to accept
your kind offer of accommodation at the Printemps Hotel.
As for our personal meeting, you mentioned that you are free for lunch on Jan. 21. I
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suggest we meet at the hotel at 1 p.m. Our meeting shouldn’t take long, as I simply
wanted to go through i few concerns I have about the recent drop in UniCorp stock
value in Europe.
Thank you for your time and consideration.
Sincerely,
Ivana Helmsley
6 What is the purpose of the article?
(A) To report some financial statistics
(B) To announce a new executive
(C) To analyze reasons for profit losses
(D) To describe a company’s recent expansion
7 What was the position of Mr. Branson prior to his promotion?
(A) Investment manager
(B) Chief accountant
(C) Director of sales
(D) Regional director
8 Why did Ms. Helmsley write to Mr. Greenspan?
(A) To confirm her attendance at a meeting
(B) To make a restaurant reservation
(C) To request information about a new employee
(D) To arrange a consultation about investment in the company
9 Where will Ms. Helmsley meet Mr. Greenspan ?
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(A) In New York
(B) In Paris
(C) In Los Angeles
(D) In London
10 What is Ms. Helmsley concerned about ?
(A) The company policies regarding investors.
(B) The fluctuation of market shares
(C) The proposed company expansion
(D) The recent decrease in company s value
Last Wednesday, OrionAir started its training course for flight attendants. The course,
includes four sessions, is for current airline hospitality employees and focuses on
improving in-flight service skills and how to treat first-class passengers. The course
began with a presentation by Abigail Lang, a hospitality consultant from Air Service
Training (AST) with thirty years of experience in the industry. The second session on
Thursday was conducted by a professional event planner, who gave OrionAir's
employees different tips on presentation and display of meals, beverages and other items
in an aircraft.
Ms. Lang will also be leading the final two sessions of the course. She said. "We
encourage all in-flight staff to sign up for the last two training sessions, and hope the
information can provide them will help make their job easier and the passengers more
comfortable." attendees will also receive a free travel bag for participating in the
training course.
To: Abigail Lang, Air Service Training
161
From: Elaine Dickinson
Date: Pvt arch l 2
Subject: Training Session
Dear Ms. Lang.
I just wanted to thank you for providing such an informative and interesting training
course. I attended all four of the sessions your company conducted for OrionAir, and
found you to be an exceptional instructor with a lot of experience in our field. You
seemed to understand the problems we face on a daily basis. My colleagues and I found
your ideas and suggestions very useful. You can be sure we will start using your ideas in
our workplace. Finally, we also appreciated the free travel bag very much, and thank
you for this kind gesture.
Sincerely,
Elaine Dickinson
11. What is NOT true about the training course?
(A) It began last Wednesday
(B) It is about customer service.
(C) It is intended for event planners.
(D) It includes four sessions.
12. In the article, the word "treat” in paragraph line 3 is closest in meaning to
(A) work under
(B) deal with
(C) find out
(D) react to
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13. Why did Ms. Dickinson write the e-mail?
(A) To request a free gift
(B) To ask about a training course
(C) To thank an instructor
(D) To offer a suggestion
14. What most likely is Ms. Dickinson’s job?
(A) A pilot
(B) A flight attendant
(C) An event planner
(D) A travel agent
15. Why did Ms. Dickinson receive a travel bag?
(A) She ordered it.
(B) She won a contest.
(C) She attended the training course
(D) She registered for a membership
Questions 16- 20 refer to the following article and e-mail.
Landscape Artist Creates Local Gardens
Agnetha Anderson is becoming a household name among those interested in garden

design. Following her critically acclaimed work for the courthouse gardens in
Melbourne, Ms. Anderson has done several projects including the landscape design for
the new home of local entrepreneur Benny Johnson. Johnson has also hired Anderson to
develop the grounds surrounding his company’s new headquarters which will be located
in Sydney. “I’ve thoroughly enjoyed working with Agnetha. She has an incredible
vision about what a garden should be. She creates outdoor spaces that feel comfortable
163
and relaxing. I can hardly wait for her to start on our next project in Sydney,” says
Johnson.
When asked why her gardens and landscaping are becoming so popular, Anderson said,
“I think a garden should be a place where people can relax. You should feel free to sit
on the grass and take your shoes off. I try to create a beautiful and accommodating
atmosphere through my work.” She also mentioned that designing gardens gives her the
opportunity to be creative and spend time outdoors. “The only drawback is that I don’t
have enough time to spend at home in my own garden,” she added. Anderson says she is
still in the planning stages for her next project with Mr. Johnson, but looks forward to
getting started as soon as possible.
From: Benny Johnson
To: Agnetha Anderson
Subject: Landscaping plans
I am very excited about working with you again on our second project, and I just
received the plans and blueprints you've drawn up this morning. I am very pleased with
what you have done so far. I especially like the idea for the pond surrounded by trees.
However, I was wondering if we could move it further away from the entrance. As we
will have a lot of traffic through that area, I would like a larger space around the
entrance. Could you keep the design for the pond, but simply move it to the left side of
the building? Let me know if this is OK. You can just write me an e-mail. Other than
that, everything else looks wonderful. Thank you for all your help.
Benny
16. What is the purpose of the article?
(A) To announce the opening of a new park
(B) To profile a landscape designer
164
(C) To provide information on local plants
(D) To report the opening of a new public garden
17. What does Agnetha Anderson say is a disadvantage of her job?
(A) She has to travel a lot.
(B) She doesn’t have enough time at home.
(C) She spends too much time outdoors.
(D) She cannot be as creative as she would like.
18. What design project is Benny Johnson discussing in his e-mail?
(A) The courthouse garden
(B) The yard at his private home
(C) The grounds for his new headquarters
(D) The landscaping of a local park
19. What does Benny Johnson ask Agnet Anderson to change?
(A) The size of the garden
(B) The location of the entrance
(C) The position of the pond
(D) The number of trees
20. What is NOT indicated about Benny Johnson?
(A) He is a local businessman.
(B) He is opening a new office.
(C) He enjoys working with Ms. Anderson.
(D) He wrote an article about Ms. Anderson.
165
LESSON 14
FORMS
For non-prose-related readings, the first is in the form of a(n) list/chart/ graph/schedule/
agenda/invoice / itinerary, etc.; the second is usually an e-mail, a letter, an article, etc.
Typical Passages
Non-Prose Reading & E-mail: A table of prices is given by a publisher and an email
orders some book.
An invoice shows some items which have been

delivered and an email responds to the invoice.
A web page points out customers’ complaints and an

e-mail shows the company apologies.
Non-Prose Reading & Letter: A brochure publicizes a performance and a letter
states the audience
opinion.
Useful Tips
first refer to.
answers.
Reading 1: Agenda
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Blueprint Imaging Services, Ltd.
Agenda for Meeting with Advanced Machinery Suppliers
9:00 a.m. Ordering Quantity & Time Frame Helen Clark: Blueprint Imaging
9:30 a.m. Customized Manufacturing Specifications Heather Hughes: Crayon Factory

Supply
10:00 a.m. Review of Advanced Machines Winston Peters: Anderson Technologies
10:40 a.m. Post-purchase Maintenance and Servicing Steve Dunne: Silicon

Machine Production
Reading 2: E-mail
To: Winston Peters. Anderson Technologies
From: Helen Clark, Blueprint Imaging
Subject: Monday’s Meeting
Dear Winston,
It was a pleasure meeting you. I am especially impressed by the presentation on

consumer-tailored production as our current supplier's products have become outdated.
This information helped bring us one step closer to making an order. We discussed at the
meeting the possibility of a discount for large orders. If you can provide us with the price
reduction, I am sure we can draw up a contract.
Q: Whose presentation had the most impact on Ms. Clark’s decision to order?
Reading Practice
167
Marion Coleman Art Museum Guides and City Guide Books
This is a partial list of our best-sellers. Visit our website for a complete list.
Please fill out the order form and send it in the addressed envelope. PIease, include $6.50
for regular shipping fees (1 week) or $ 10.50 for express mail (3 days).
To: Marion Coleman Publications
From: Jessica Chang
Subject: City Guides
Dear Madam or Sir,
I am just writing to say thank you for your company's excellent service and products! I
order New York and Chicago city guides recently and was happily surprised to receive
them after days, even though I only paid for regular shipping. The pictures and
information about the attractions were perfect. I will continue to use them whenever I
travel.
01 What museum guide costs the same amount as a Seattle tour guidebook?
(A) Fine Art Museum for San Francisco
(B) Metropolitan Museum of Art
(C) The Art Institute of Chicago
2. How much was the shipping charge Chang’s order?
(A) $6.50
168
(B) $10.50
(C) $11 .90
Joe Keller’s Nightmare at Midnight
Powerhouse Theater Company, Sept. 11-17, 7:30 p.m.
Directed by Frank Warner
Cast: Marty Brewster Grant Barry
Abigail Brewster Jean Mall
Marta Brewster Josephine Adair
Theodore Carry Alex Johnson
An Evening of Old-Fashioned Mystery! By Archie Leach
Powerhouse Theater Company's newest production of Joe Keller’s famed mystery

Nightmare at night is a suspenseful treat! The direction is perfect and performances of all
actors are perfectly. Especially worthy of praise is the actress playing Abigail, who steals
the show with her humorous portrayal of a sweet old lady with a dark secret. Tickets can
be purchased at the box office or by (250)555-9993.
3 What performer does Mr. Leach refer to in the review?
(A) Josephine Adair
(B) Alex Johnson
(C) Jean Mall
4. Where can tickets be purchased?
(A) At a website
(B) At the theater
169
(C) At the city hall
Questions 01-05 refer to the following web contact form and e-mail.
Cool Waters Air Conditioning Contact Form
www coolwatersac.com
Thank you for contacting Cool Waters Air Conditioning. Please fill out the following
information and then press the “’SEND” button on the bottom of the screen. We will get
back to you as soon as possible.
Name: Erica Williams E-mail: erwiliy@oal.com _
Address: P. O. Box 55-A, Manchester, Iowa 52057
Phone: (319) 555-84-95 Business Phone (optional):
Message:
I purchased an air conditioner from your Maple Street branch last Monday on July 2. The
machine runs, but it seems the fan is not working. Could you please send someone over
to the above address to have a look at it?
To: Erica Williams <erwilly@oal.com >
From: Customer Service < cservice@coolwatersac.com>
Date: July 8
Dear Ms. Williams,
We received your message dated July 7 concerning the air conditioning unit you bought
on July 2. We apologize for the inconvenience this problem may have caused you. We
received a list of factory defects in Wind's new series of air conditioners earlier this
week:
W-P542. Temperature controls inaccurate
170
W-P543 Problems with fan system
W-P602 Sleep-mode not running properly
W-P604 Remote control malfunction
We will replace the defective parts and send someone over to service your air conditioner
tomorrow. Please let us know what time is best for you.
1 On the contact form, what information is optional?
(A) E-mail address
(B) Mailing address
(C) Home phone number
(D) Business telephone number
2 In the e-mail, what is being discussed?
(A) Source of the shipping error
(B) Reimbursement of the repairing charges
(C) A solution to the customer’s problem
(D) The production process of a machine
3 What air conditioner model does Ms. Williams probably have?
(A) W-P542
(B) W-P543
(C) W-P602
(D) W-P604
4 When did Ms. Williams send the web form?
(A) July 2
171
(B) July T
(C) July 8
(D) July 12
5 In the e-mail, the word “running” in the table, line 3 is closest in meaning to
(A) operating
(B) jogging
(C) organizing
(D) travelling
Questions 06-10 refer to the following invoice end e-mail.
Big Wheel Bikes Order Number: 789.
928 Grandview Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA Date: June
ITEM BRAND QUANTITY PRICE
Biking shorts Adrenaline Speed 2 $49.98
Water bottle Genesis 2 $11.98
Sunglasses Carlucci 1 $69.99
Helmet Terrain 1 $89.99
TOTAL: $221.94
The Fast Silver helmet that you ordered is currently out of stock. We don't expect a new
shipment of them until next month. We tried calling you several times but couldn't reach
you. We have sent along a Terrain helmet which usually retails for $129.99 but only
charged you for the cost of a Fast Silver helmet.
As always, if there is any problem with your order or anything has been damaged, please
172
contact our service department immediately at 555-7273 or e-mail us at
service@bigwheel.ne. Please have your order number when calling, or include it on any
e-mail.
To: : Customer Service, Big Wheel Bikes
From: Vince Armstrong
Date: June 5
Subject: Recent delivery
I just received my order this morning and unfortunately, there were a few problems. The
Carlucci sunglasses were broken. Also, even though the Terrain helmet is of greater
value, I would prefer waiting for the Fast Silver helmet, as it is a bit lighter than the
Terrain one. I will send back these two items this afternoon. If you could send me a
replacement pair of sunglasses, I would appreciate it. As for the helmet, you can just send
me a Fast Silver helmet when your shipment arrives. Thanks for your help.
Sincerely,
Vince Armstrong
6 What does Big Wheel Bikes say about Mr. Armstrong’s order?
(A) Some items will be shipped at a later time.
(B) “They didn’t charge him extra for a more expensive helmet.
(C) The order will not be delivered for another month.
(D) The total price has been charged to his credit card.
7 What does Mr. Armstrong say about an item he received?
(A) It was too expensive.
(B) It was the wrong size.
(C) It was broken.
173
(D) It was the wrong package.
8 What does Mr. Armstrong want Big Wheel Bikes to do in July?
(A) Send him a Fast Silver helmet
(B) Ship a pair of new sunglasses
(C) Refund his money
(D) Reimburse him Tor delivery charges
9 What requested information did Mr. Armstrong forget to include in his e-mail?
(A) His mailing address
(B) His order number
(C) His contact information
(D) His credit card details
10 What is true about the Fast Silver helmet?
(A) It sells quickly.
(B) It is out of production.
(C) It is lighter than the Terrain helmet
(D) It is the most expensive one on the market.
Questions 11-15 refer to the following e-mail end billing statement.
TO: Ann Wilson, Customer Service Department, SHSS
FROM: Nancy Francis, Puget Sound Consulting
DATE: April 10
SUBJECT: Question about billing statement
I received the billing statement from your company for the recent installation of our
174
office's new security system. We are very pleased with all the equipment and feel that
our Facilities are now much more secure.
I did have one question about the bill. Your sales representative Kurt Vainar told us
there would be no charge for installation of any equipment we purchased under the unit
price of $100. However, the statement lists a $50 charge for the installation of items that
cost only $70 (Please see the attachment). Could you please contact me concerning this
error as soon as possible? Please call me at (509)555-4678 within the next two days, as I
-will be leaving For my vacation.
Thanks for your time.
Sincerely,
Nancy Francis
Director, Puget Sound Financial Consulting Services
BILLING STATEMENT
Saint Helena Security Services (SHSS)
839 42nd Street, 2 R Spirit Building, Seattle, WA.
3-4-59 Olympic Boulevard, Tacoma, WA 993GT
TO: Nancy Francis, Director of Puget Sound Consulting DATE: Apr. 7
REF. NUMBER: V-435
175
SUBMIT PAYMENT TO: Saint Helena Security Services
R.O. Box 22872
Tacoma, WA 99367
Thank you for choosing SHSS as your security service provider. We hope to continue to
supply you with all your security needs. Please contact us at (509)555-4376 or email us
at gueries@shss.net for additional information or questions.
11.What type of business is Puget Sound Consulting?
(A) A financial service provider
(B) A security firm
(C) An advertising company
(D) A conference organizer
12. Why did Ms. Francis write the e-mail?
(A) To complain about a product
(B) To request a price estimate
(C) To ask about a billing mistake
(D) To enquire about new office space
13. When is Ms. Wilson advised to call Ms. Francis?
176
(A) By April 7 (B) By April 9 (C) By April 10 (D) By April 12
14. What was supposed to be installed for free?
(A) Locks (B) Motion detectors (C) Cameras (D) Security lights
15. What is NOT mentioned in the statement?
(A) Contact information
(B) Customer's address
(C) Bank account number
(D) Total service price
REFERENCES
1. Cho, D. (2012), Hackers TOEIC reading. Hochiminh,Vietnam: Hochiminh city General Publishing
House.
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TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC DUY TÂN

KHOA TIẾNG ANH

BỘ MÔN: ANH VĂN KHÔNG CHUYÊN

GIÁO TRÌNH NỘI BỘ

Lesson 11: Announcements 105

COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS & CORRELATIVE CONJUNCTIONS

1. Use fruits and vegetables that are ripe.

2. The editor is responsible for collecting articles and publishing newsletters.

3. It was raining, so I put on my raincoat.

Repeated words in the phrases or clauses connected by a coordinating conjunctions

5. They painted the wall and (they) fixed the window.

6. Tuna is sold as both steaks and fillets.

7. You can make your payment either in person or by email.

8. It depends on neither who you are nor what you know.

1 Below are the coordinating conjunctions in English

1. Eating should be healthy and enjoyable.

2. I will go camping and canoeing this weekend.

3. There will be a party tonight, for he IS retiring this week.

2. When we combine two independent clauses, a connecting adverb (however,

1. I wanted to clear my thoughts, therefore(  so, )I went for a walk.

4. My boyfriend and I are going to the concert.

5. I doubt that we or our teacher is going to solve the problem.

Below are the correlative conjunctions in English

Both A and B Neither A nor B

Not only A but also B Either A or B 6

6. Either bus or taxi is available from the airport.

7. Both coffee and tea have long and historic pasts.

C. Choose the correct option given in brackets to complete each sentence

2. Mr. Smith was sick, (so/but/ or) he didn’t go to work.

3. This machine is not only slow (but/or/nor) also complicated.

6. He didn’t like his job, (or/but/so) he quit three months ago.

A.Either B. so C. and D.too

A.Or B.and C. both D.either

A.neither B. nor C.either D. or

A.but B.also C.then D.even

A.also B. nor C. or D.and

A.Or B. yet C. like D. and

A.So B. but C. or D. nor

A.or B. but C.and D. therefore

A.Although B. based on C. as well as D. in addition

A.And B.so C.because D. however

A.also B. or C. but D. unless

A.Either B. both C. plus D. so

A.or B. so C. and D. but

A.either B.both C.neither D.not only

A.since B.but C.or D.so

A.And B.either C.with D.neither

A.or B. and C. nor D.also

A.Adequacy B.adequate C.adequateness D. adequately

PREPOSITIONS OF TIME & PREPOSITIONS OF PLACE &

1. Prepositions that show a point of time

1. Until means up to a particular time or event; by means not later than.

The library will be open until 7.

You should submit the report by 7.

2. Below are some common expressions expressing a point of time.

Three weeks from now

Three weeks prior to the date

From 3o’clock onward(s)

2. Prepositions that show a period of time or a duration

She has been using English for ten years.

Pete guided the employees through the training process.

Countless foreigners travel to Italy during the Christmas season.

2. IN can also precede a period of time, meaning no more than/ within.

Your application for membership will be processed in two days.

1. I usually meet up ___ my friends _ the weekend.

5. Jessica is vacation. She is Italy now.