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Teachers' Model in Building Students' Character

Article · July 2020

DOI: 10.31838/jcr.07.14.165

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Bukman Lian Muhammad Kristiawan

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 Journal of Critical Reviews

ISSN- 2394-5125 Vol 7, Issue 14, 2020

TEACHERS’ MODEL IN BUILDING STUDENTS’ CHARACTER

Bukman Lian1, Muhammad Kristiawan2, Dwi Ammelia Galuh Primasari3, Muhammad Anggung
Manumanoso Prasetyo4
Universitas PGRI Palembang, 2Universitas Bengkulu, 3SD Negeri 10 Sungai Rotan,
1,4
4Institut Agama Islam Negeri (IAIN) Lhokseumawe

e-mail: 1drbukmanlian@univpgri-palembang.ac.id , 2muhammadkristiawan@unib.ac.id , 3galuhprimasari@yahoo.com ,

4anggung@iainlhokseumawe.ac.id

Received:16.04.2020 Revised: 21.05.2020 Accepted: 20.06.2020

Abstract
This qualitative paper described the role of a teacher through his model for building the character of students in SD Negeri 2 Gelumbang.
This school was a pilot school in Gelumbang. This research was conducted for planting and strengthening the character of children from
elementary school age. This paper used observation, interview, and documentation as instruments. The objects were the Principal,
teacher, and students. The results obtained indicate that (1) teachers and principals play an active role in strengthening the character of
students by providing additional activities; (2) model teachers apply positive character to students, not only theory of learning; and (3)
with the example of the teacher, students get a real model of what character should they have from early age, then it grows awareness to
become better person.

Keywords: Teachers’ Model, Character Improvement, Primary School Students.

© 2020 by Advance Scientific Research. This is an open-access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.31838/jcr.07.14.165

INTRODUCTION than in Malaysia, Vietnam, and Thailand [59]. More specifically,

This paper began from reading on the Facebook of the teacher
Joko Susilo who was bullied by his students at NU 03 Kaliwungu,
Vocational School in Kendal, Central Java, on November 12, 2018.
This case invites reactions from many parties [58]. Before this
incident, the educational world was also shocked by news of the
death of the teacher of Arts from SMA Negeri 1 Torjun named
Ahmad Budi Cahyono in Sampang, Madura, East Java, due to
being persecuted by his students because they were not happy
when reprimanded by the teacher, meanwhile they did not pay
attention to the ongoing learning [52].
Rizki Andri Putra, young motivator and Founder of the Children’s
Nation Leader Foundation, in his viral book entitled “Honest
People Not Schools” in 2014 even mentions “Indonesia has
suffered from corruption, should it be added again with the
younger generation who are mentally dilapidated?” He added
that from corruptors we can learn about the importance of
character. How even the smart person will be easily swayed by
the situation, and become a person not qualified if they do not
have a strong character [36]. According to him, the realm of
education has become one of the contributors to the character of
children. [24] states that Indonesia needs to strengthen the
character of human resources and revitalization, and it can be
done through education [12]. Education should be referred to as
part of the process of character building [3]. However, the goal of
dignified education has not been successful towards teachers,
student brawls, and drugs [53].
The results of the survey from [37] concluded that every day
around 160 thousand students experience bullying in schools,
75-80% of students have witnessed the practice of bullying, and
15-35% of students are victims of cyber-bullying [29] [25]. This
result is supported by [43] [48] who revealed that bullying cases
occur a lot in schools. This phenomenon is also strengthened by
data from the Indonesian Child Protection Commission that the
number of cases of adolescents and children from 2011 to April
2015 was 6.006 cases. UNICEF data from 2003-2013 showed that
violent behaviors such as bullying and physical fights and attacks
carried out by adolescents aged 13-15 in Indonesia were higher
data from Yogyakarta Youth Development Board that the number
of children was bullying increased. In 2011, PSBR handled 20
cases of children. In 2012, it increased to 105 children. In 2013,
the number of cases rose to 174 children, and 2014 became 216
children.
Increasing uncontrolled behavior carried out by children,
especially in adolescence, has become a concern in Indonesia
[50]. The adolescence is a period in which the individual is
looking for identity [38]. Children at this age are very vulnerable
to various negative pressures and influences from peers [33].
Child and adolescent psychologist, Ratih Zulhaqqi [6] assesses
the behavior of students’ character problems can occur due to
the loss of boundaries between teachers and students. Compared
to the past, there are significant differences regarding student
responses to teachers. Many children and adolescents cannot
distinguish how to behave towards peers, parents, and younger
ones. The children who cannot control themselves, because of
their short mindset are reactive, spontaneous and emotional.
KPAI Commissioner Retno Listyarti states that the factors of
inappropriate actions taken by students were less well-
developed characters at home and school so that they behaved
inappropriately [9]. [54] states that formal education now only
knowledge oriented. The orientation is only aimed at preparing
students to face the National Examination, thus ignoring aspects
of the development of attitude and life values. The orientation of
education in Indonesia only to the cognitive field, it does not
provide brilliant achievements. Based on a survey from the
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development
(OECD), from 76 countries taking the test, Indonesia was ranked
69. This showed that education has not been fully successful in
the aspect of character building.
Character is often associated with personal behavior, ethics,
morals, or personality. The word character comes from the Greek
charassein, which means to engrave [44]. This torrave is
interpreted as carving or scratching. [31] defines character as
something in someone who can respond to situations and
conditions in a good way. Characters are related to individual

Journal of critical reviews 927

 TEACHERS’ MODEL IN BUILDING STUDENTS’ CHARACTER
personality attributes or behavior. In the Indonesian Language
Dictionary “character” means psychological nature. Characters
are identical to the personality, the result of the formation he
receives [22]. While the Ministry of National Education Language
Center defines character as innate, personality, character,
behavior, heart, soul, personality, and temperament [13].
According to [23] character is a collection of stable moral
qualities in the person. [64] defines character as an assessment
of one’s subjectivity related to his personality attributes, whether
acceptable or unacceptable to the general public. The character
for [1] is interpreted as a reflection of behavior that shows the
value between right and wrong, good and bad [30] [13].
[32] explains that there are three things related to the character
are knowledge of goodness, commitment, and doing well. From
these definitions, the character is interpreted as human behavior
based on knowledge, intentions, and actions that contain good
values. People with character means people who are personable
and have moral knowledge. The character will be a difference in
behavior between someone and other people. Individual
characters can be formed since childhood because of genetic
inheritance and the influence of the surrounding environment.
Character formation will affect the way a person views the
environment implied in daily behavior. Therefore, the
implementation of education is part to shape the character and
life skills of someone who needs attention. [21] explains that
planting characters can be grouped into four stages are (1) value
planting, (2) model values, (3) value facility, and (4) value skills.
Model is seen as a solution to overcome the character’s problems
and contributes greatly to educating and fostering character. This
opinion is relevant with [33] and [47] which states that model is
one method of effectively instilling good values in children
because, in the model, behavioral aspects are put forward real
action rather than just theories or lessons with lectures [31].
[62] state model in shaping students’ character is part of
methods for planting values and life skills. This is in line with the
statement of the General Secretary of PP Muhammadiyah, Abdul
Mu'ti. According to him, education is not only transfer of
knowledge and transfer of skills but the most important is the
process of building character [9]; [15]; [13]; [24]. This
foundation can help to foster a strong positive character of the
next generation. Students are not only educated to pursue values
but also must have insight on how to behave in the family
environment and society [41]; [29]; [46]; [20]. The growth of
these characters requires continuous effort and experience on an
ongoing basis because experience through direct activities
received by children can train their morals [60]. The Social
Learning Theory also mentions that children will learn behavior
through direct observation and interaction with others around
them [38]; [47].
In education, the character becomes one of the goals, and the
teacher acts as the pilot of achieving these educational goals [13].
[63] said that character education is the national movement to
create school is ethical and responsible for the young generation.
The influence of teachers is very large to build students’
character [35]. Therefore, it is fitting for the teacher to be fully
aware of this position then they can be a good role model for
students. Muhadjir Effendy, Minister of Education and Culture
stressed the importance of teacher and educational personnel
model for successful education [19]. This is relevant to the
principle of education proposed by Ki Hadjar Dewantara that the
teacher’s role is Tut Wuri Handayani, means the teacher must
provide encouragement and direction, the teacher builds
initiative, they must create initiatives, and sung tulada means the
teacher must set a good example. Teachers may build students’
personalities effectively with pleasant behavior and demonstrate
the model [45]. Primary school-age students are imitating.
Students will be increasingly convinced to imitate the teacher
they idolize [40]. Consistency requires alignment between what
is said and what is done [28].
Journal of critical reviews
The characters should be taught in schools, as stated by [32] are
respectful and responsible. These two attitudes are the basic
moral values that must be taught at school. While respect is
defined as respect for someone or something, yourself, others,
life, and the environment. Character building needs to be done
intensively in schools, both in urban and rural areas. [11] found
that the character index of children in rural areas was lower than
children living in urban areas. He concluded it needs actions to
help children have strong character [7]; [14]. This challenge was
responded well by SD Negeri 2 Gelumbang.
According to the Headmaster of SD Negeri 2 Gelumbang, to foster
and shape the character of students starting early is very
important in determining the character of future generations.
The Children's Character Cooperation Building Medium states
that the marketing impact of building a noble character in early
childhood will affect every day's daily behavior in its
development to maturity. If there is a child, it will be sufficient to
develop education from teachers and parents.
Therefore, SD Negeri 2 Gelumbang as a Pilot School is well aware
of playing an active role in realizing good character formation for
its students. As one of the primary schools in Gelumbang, the
school can always maintain its image and good name. The
character building strategy applied at SD Negeri 2 Gelumbang is
through the example of the teacher. The teacher places himself as
a role model for his students. These efforts are in line with the
opinion of [8] that teachers are model for students, and [56]
states that the success of students’ character development
requires models from the teacher. During this time, the strategy
was considered very effective. It has never been proven SD
Negeri 2 Gelumbang did immoral behavior from the residents of
the school, teachers, staff and students. Never before SD Negeri 2
Gelumbang been in trouble with the law, or committed other
immoral acts that could damage the school’s image.
Fostering the character of students at SD Negeri 2 Gelumbang is
also supported by the quality factor of the teacher. According to
the Principal, the teacher of SD Negeri 2 Gelumbang deserves to
be an example (Interview, November 2018), because the
teachers of SD Negeri 2 Gelumbang are mostly senior teachers
(there are also ex-principals) who have served in education for a
dozen to decades, teachers certified, has an educational
background that is relevant with their competence, and has been
known to have good attitude not only in the school environment,
but also in the community. Fostering the character of students at
SD Negeri 2 Gelumbang is not only done in the context of
learning in the classroom, but also by providing additional
activities outside of class hours. Like the moral development
activities every Friday morning on the school grounds, the Ceria
Monday Activities after the Flag Ceremony every Monday
morning, as well as the daily smile-greetings activity coordinated
by the picket teacher.
Departing from the phenomenon of cases and facts presented
above, we would find out whether the model method applied in
SD Negeri 2 Gelumbang was the key to the success of the school’s
success in forming positive character in its students? Therefore,
this paper aimed at revealing the role of a teacher through his
example to build the character of students in SD Negeri 2
Gelumbang.
METHODS
This paper belongs to qualitative and was conducted at SD Negeri
2 Gelumbang, Muara Enim, South Sumatera. Why SD Negeri 2
Gelumbang? Because, it is a pilot school, one of the favorite
schools in Gelumbang, one of the schools with many
achievements since its inception until now, and its educators are
famous with creative and innovative. Besides, SD Negeri 2
Gelumbang is often used as the center of Teachers’ Activities
(KKG), and the teachers are often invited to be speakers or
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 TEACHERS’ MODEL IN BUILDING STUDENTS’ CHARACTER
coaches in teachers’ activities throughout the Gelumbang
District.
The research began in November until December 2018. The
research subjects were Principals and class teachers, and
students. Research data collection using in-depth interviewing
techniques, observation, and documentation of students’
character building activities carried out in school. We are the
main instrument of research. We are planners who determine
the focus of research, choose informants as implementers of data
collection, interpret data, draw temporary conclusions, and
analyze data in the field [10]. In the first step, we conducted
interviews with the Principal and the teachers at SD Negeri 2
Gelumbang. Then make daily observations while documenting
them to get conclusions and research results.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The teacher has multi-task such as educating, training,
researching and teaching. Students learn from the experiences
and record meaningful things from new knowledge [61]; [49].
The knowledge is obtained through the learning process, not
only transmitted by the teacher. The expected goal of the
learning process is to help students gain a variety of experiences
that will change students’ behavior [27]. Therefore, the teacher
must have model behavior, ways of speaking, and how to interact
with the community. Then it will become an inspiration for the
students [41].
The teacher is the main model in SD Negeri 2 Gelumbang, always
tries to show speech and a good attitude to become a model for
students. This is expected to have a good impact on habituation,
growth, and development of students’ character. Teachers class 1
(A, B and C) agree with the Principal that the character of
students needs to be established early, since students sit in class
1 (Interview, November 2018) by giving habituation to good
values. Not only theory but also students are invited to take
action directly with the teacher. Like habituating together,
greeting the teacher, respecting all friends despite different
religions and physicalities, and many more.
Education is about good and bad habits, it will also make
students able to classify which behaviors they should grow, and
which behaviors they should avoid [15]; [31]. The teachers’
habituation and model will provide a memorable experience for
students in developing their character. The term character is
identical to the term manners, good or bad habits [39]; [55].
Other opinions also state character education is not only about
what is true and what is wrong; it attempts to inculcate good
habituation, the students can behave and act on the good values
[5]; [34]. [26] explain the process of character formation starts
from good and bad behavior and habituation behavior in
everyday life. Morals distinguish one’s self from another person.
Character education is closely related to the habits carried out.
The formation process starts with the introduction of good and
bad behavior and then gets used to doing good behavior in their
daily lives [25]. School-age children (between 6-12 years) tend to
listen more to teachers than parents. Therefore, the teacher
should build the mindset and positive character of students, not
only carrying out the learning process [29]. The school
environment has a big contribution in shaping the character of
children.
All efforts made by principals and teachers in SD Negeri 2
Gelumbang for positive character development in students led to
the belief that students are the focus of responsibility and the
center of all activities (character building). The model of the
teachers in SD Negeri 2 Gelumbang applied below.
Model in the Realm of Religion
Based on the statement from the senior teacher (Ainun) on
Islamic Education (Interview 19 November 2018) in SD Negeri 2
Gelumbang, the concept of religious character model was applied
Journal of critical reviews
by the teacher through Friday morning moral development
activities, variations in apperception or literacy activities by
reading stories model, reciting, praying in congregation (For
those who are Muslim, both Dhuha prayer, or midday prayer) in
prayer room, or recite short verses. The activity was not only
carried out by Islamic subject teachers but by all teachers
(especially class teachers and picket teachers). This fact is
proven based on the results of observations and documentation
of activities is always perpetuated by the picket teacher.
According to Ainun, this religious activity aims to familiarize
friendship between students, familiarize religious values, and to
form characters moral and grateful to Allah. These activities
contribute positively to the teacher’s religious attitude. This is in
line with the example that the teacher first does what is
recommended to his students.
We found the religious model in SD Negeri 2 Gelumbang is also
shown in learning activities, for example, always starting and
ending learning by praying, where the teachers always give
examples to their students on how to pray well. Besides, to form
religious models are also shown in terms of appearance, such
teachers both women and men look in sharia clothes, neat and
clean. This is to give an example of how to dress well. According
to Tasdikul (Interview 19 November 2018) being a religious
figure for students can be done every day, he pointed out that
they are always praying in congregation at school’s mosque with
students, always greeting when entering the classroom and
praying when starting and ending learning, and Friday prayers at
the mosque near the school.
At present, it can be said that fostering religious character in SD
Negeri 2 Gelumbang is successful. It is seen from the mosque of
SD Negeri 2 Gelumbang is always crowded with students and
teachers who take turns praying together, such as the Dhuha
prayer and the midday prayer and Friday prayers. Besides, the
way to dress both male and female students were also looking
polite, neat and clean (Observation and documentation,
November-December 2018).
Model Discipline Character
Class VI teacher, Zuniah (Interview, 19 November 2018), stated
that the character of discipline was developed in school was the
willingness of school members to comply with the applicable
regulations in SD Negeri 2 Gelumbang. Discipline means applying
the regulations which were set such a teacher’s task discipline,
time discipline, and all things related to the teaching profession.
The teachers tried not to leave the lesson except there was an
urgent need or unhealthy condition. The teacher should inform
the reason for absence to the Principal, the picket teacher, and
the class leader and then give assignments to be collected.
Besides, the tasks given by the teacher should be immediately
corrected, assessed, and returned to students. This activity gives
obedience to students about carrying out obligations, respecting
time, and carrying out positive and beneficial activities.
Another way that teachers do is wearing work uniforms
according to the agreed conditions. The use of uniforms for
teachers will impact on the way students are uninformed, so the
students will always try to wear school’s uniforms were
determined by the school. Students will be embarrassed if they
are wrong to wear an inappropriate uniform. Zuniah also added
that using comfortable clothes was also being the disciplinary
character that the teachers tried to exemplify to students. She
added that uniforms for teachers were not only ordinary
uniforms but also professional identities and the student’s
uniform. By wearing the school’s uniform, it is expected that
students will feel proud of their identity. Discipline in uniform
entrenched sense of pride and it is necessary to proceed
habituation of values, as well as transfer of understanding
adopted by the teacher to students, then they will also have the
same thoughts and feelings [42]; [2]; [31]; [61]; [57]. This
thoughts, in line with the opinion expressed by [27], in his book
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 TEACHERS’ MODEL IN BUILDING STUDENTS’ CHARACTER
entitled “Management of Education” that culture in schools is
built through the integration of normative values which believed
by the principal (as a leader) and the teacher (as an agent), as
well as employees in the school, which influences students to
carry out their actions. Like in uniform usage, which should be
able to bring pride, shape the control and image of the school.
Naidu (teacher class II) showed other disciplinary attitudes by
attending school before the school’s hours begin (Interview 10
December 2018). She always arrives at school at 06:30 am or
before 07:00 am to welcome students. She actualizes time
discipline attitude, and the students will also try to present on
time in worship and attend school, go in and out of class by
permission, and apply the school’s rules.
Our observation on 10 December 2018, it found the fact that
students of SD Negeri 2 Gelumbang rarely seen being late to
school, if there were late, they would report and apologize first to
the class teacher. Then on discipline in wearing school’s
uniforms, we did not find students who were not in uniform and
break the school’s rules during school hours.
Model in Democratic
The development of democratic characters in SD Negeri 2
Gelumbang is realized by consensus based on diversity. This is
confirmed by Nasroh, the fifth-grade teacher (Interview 10
December 2018) it is applied by allowing students to express
their opinions, ask questions, and answer questions about
learning. This activity was carried out by the aim of fostering
democratic attitude through respecting the differences of
opinions and keeping emotional away despite different opinions.
Another form of democracy by teachers is accepting opinions
from students related to the topic being discussed, and treating
students fairly regardless of race, social status, and physical form
of students. Teachers and principals also open space for
discussion for all school residents, both fellow teachers, and
student guardians. This is seen from the frequent involvement of
the guardians of students in school meetings.
Model in Nationalism
SD Negeri 2 Gelumbang familiarized with its citizens to sing
Indonesia Raya song every day before the first hour of learning
begins, holds flag ceremony every Monday morning and August
17 once a year, and commemorates other national historical
days, like National Education day, Teacher’s day and Kartini’s
day. The activity became the strategy to foster character spirit of
nationalism for the students, to respect the freedom and thanks
to the blessings Almighty God and the struggle of the heroes.
Model Character Concerning the Environment
We observed on November-December 2018 to picket teachers
together with students cleaning the school’s environment every
morning. The teacher does not hesitate to sweep, pick up trash,
and mop the teacher’s room floor. The teacher is seen not only
pointing and ordering students but also applying. Another form
is recycling used waste, like drinking bottles were made into
flower vases, pencil cases, flower pots, and garden ornaments.
Snack packages were converted into classroom decoration.
According to Ainun (Interview on 11 December 2018) caring for
the environment can be started from class cleanliness to the
schoolyard. The lesson is started when the class is clean.
Model Character of Social Care Students
Teachers in SD Negeri 2 Gelumbang were agreed that sympathy
and care for others should be owned by students. Schools are
service organizations that interact with social communities.
Thus, caring nature needs to be nurtured and grown. Meitri
(Interview 11 December 2018) states to develop these traits by
visiting if there is news of death around the school. Then visiting
school residents who are sick and getting disaster. The teacher
together raises funds. This is also transmitted to students by
inviting students to help others in need together with simple
Journal of critical reviews
effort. Our findings through observation showed that the model
caring character of each other runs as it should become the
culture in the school.
The model method practiced in SD Negeri 2 Gelumbang was
carried out to have students easily grasp the moral message
conveyed by the teacher. Moreover, students tend to imitate the
teacher who is idolized by them. Imam, the fifth-grade student in
SD Negeri 2 Gelumbang revealed that he was more pleased with
the teacher who invited him to do an activity together, not only
governing (Interview, December 2018). According to him, if the
teacher directly acts it feels more memorable for him; compared
to if the teacher only says the theory. The same thing was also
expressed by other students, who agreed that teachers who only
govern, especially with high notes (while angry), actually make
them unhappy and tend to avoid. This finding is supported by a
statement from [4] that the important thing in the model is a
good and appropriate way of delivery, so that it can be accepted,
emulated, and carried out by students. Therefore, according to
us, the teachers need to maintain the consistency of the model in
a good manner, attitude, and everyday speech. In line with [16]
who revealed that character is a habit on how to think, speak and
behave.
The teacher in SD Negeri 2 Gelumbang emphasizes the
importance of teachers’ role in growing and fostering the values
of behavior. Through a model of a teacher in SD Negeri 2
Gelumbang, we found compatibility between the results of
interviews from teachers and principals with the results of
observation. The real model of the teacher is carried out by all
teachers and it can be observed by us. Character building
through a model of the teacher toward students does not directly
occur, but through the process of giving examples by the teacher
first, then students follow what is done by the teachers.
The effective model of teacher practiced in SD Negeri 2
Gelumbang, it is displayed from students’ attitudes and speech.
While doing Friday prayer, the students themselves hurried to
the mosque, students also throw rubbish into the rubbish bin
provided, work together and carry out picket assignments. The
results showed that teachers in SD Negeri 2 Gelumbang tried to
be the role models for students’ character building based on the
Ministry of Education’s recommendation. The dominant
character exemplified by the teacher of SD Negeri 2 Gelumbang
includes religion, discipline, the spirit of nationalism, democratic,
socially and environmentally concerned [17].
With the model method, the interaction between teachers and
students in the school is more peaceful, polite, and full of
awareness. These results are supported by previous research
which confirms that the better quality of interaction of students
gets, it will be related to the success of character development
and the pro-social behavior of students [51]; [32]; [5]; [18]. The
model method as shown by the teacher of SD Negeri 2
Gelumbang is also related to the idea of [34] which emphasizes
that the teacher and students’ interaction will influence students.
CONCLUSION
Building character through the model of the teacher in SD Negeri
2 Gelumbang managed to grow students’ positive characters. It
begins with strengthening the personal character of the teacher.
Because the principal and the teachers believe that teachers who
have positive character will make students feel more confident in
growing personality character. Furthermore, the model
manifested in polite speech, attitude based on religious
character, discipline (both time discipline, and school discipline),
democratic, nationalism, behave thankfully to the Almighty God,
care for the environment and society. All efforts to shape the
character of students through the model of teacher are not
instant but carried out continuously and consistently.
930
 TEACHERS’ MODEL IN BUILDING STUDENTS’ CHARACTER
Aknowledgment
The authors thank to Rector of Universitas Bengkulu and IAIN
Lhokseumawe, all lectures and employees, fellow students of
Posgraduate Courses in Management Education in Universitas
PGRI Palembang, as well as all those who have helped a lot in
writing this paper.
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