INTRODUCTION TO

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
FOR IT & NON-IT PROFESSIONALS
NATURAL LANGUAGE PROCESSING (NLP)
NATURAL LANGUAGE PROCESSING (NLP)

• a part of Computer Science, Human language, and AI

• used by machines to understand, analyze, manipulate, and interpret
human languages
• helps perform various tasks such as translation, automatic
summarization, Named Entity Recognition (NER), speech recognition,
relationship extraction, and topic segmentation
NATURAL LANGUAGE PROCESSING (NLP)
COMPONENTS OF NLP

• two components of NLP:

• Natural Language Understanding (NLU)
• Natural Language Generation (NLG)
NATURAL LANGUAGE UNDERSTANDING
(NLU)
• helps the machine to understand and analyze human language by
extracting the metadata from the content such as concepts, entities,
keywords, emotions, relations, and semantic roles
• mainly used in Business apps
NATURAL LANGUAGE GENERATION (NLG)

• acts as a translator that converts the computerized data into natural

language representation
• mainly involves Text planning, Sentence planning, and Text
Realization
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN NLU & NLG

• NLU is essentially the process of reading and interpreting language

• NLU produces non-linguistic outputs from natural language inputs
• Example of NLU: Automatic Routing of Tickets

• NLG is the process of writing or generating language

• NLG constructs and produces natural language outputs from non-linguistic
inputs
• Example of NLG: Automated Journalism
SYNTAX VS SEMANTICS

• Syntax — determines valid form of program statements

• Semantics — behavior of valid program
SYNTACTIC ANALYSIS (PARSING)

• is used to check grammar, word arrangements, and shows the

relationship among the words including nouns, verbs, etc
• Example: Lahore goes to Amber - sentence is rejected by the
Semantic Analyzer but acceptable to the Syntax Analyzer
SEMANTIC ANALYSIS

• concerned with the meaning of the sentence

• considers literal meaning of words, phrases, context of sentence, etc.
• Example: I want to get my fan
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN SYNTAX AND
SEMENTICS
• Syntax: Grammar
• Semantics: Meaning or sense of the sentence. Does the sentence
make sense?