Subject : Digital Fundamentals

Practical : 1

Name : Sakhavala Vrutik Navnitbhai

Enrollment.No : 200160116073
AND Gate :

The AND gate is a digital logic gate that implements logical

conjunction. The output state of a digital AND gate only
returns HIGH when ALL of its inputs are at a logic level HIGH.
In other words for a logic AND gate, any LOW input will give a
LOW output. The Boolean expression for AND gate is that for
Logical Multiplication: A.B = Q.
OR Gate :

The OR gate is a digital logic gate that implements logical

disjunction. The output state of a digital logic OR gate returns
HIGH when ANY of its inputs are at a logic level HIGH. In
other words for a logic OR gate, only if ALL inputs are LOW
will give a LOW output. The Boolean expression for OR gate is
that for Logical Addition: A+B = Q.
NOT Gate :

Inverting NOT gates have an output level that is normally at

logic level HIGH and does LOW when its single input is at
logic level HIGH, in other words it inverts (complements) its
input signal.

NAND Gate :
The NAND (Not – AND) gate has an output that is at logic
level HIGH and only goes to logic to logic level LOW when ALL
of its inputs are at logic level HIGH. The Logic NAND Gate is
the reverse or complementary form of the AND gate.
XOR Gate :

The XOR gate is a digital logic gate that implements logical

exclusive disjunction. The output state of a digital logic XOR
gate returns HIGH when the inputs are in DIFDFERRENT
levels. In other words for a logic XOR gate, SAME input levels
(no matter HIGH or LOW) will give a LOW output.
NOR Gate :

The inclusive NOR (Not-OR) gate has an output that is at logic

level HIGH only goes LOW when ANY of its inputs are at logic
level HIGH. The logic NOR Gate is the reverse or
complementary form of OR gate.
XNOR Gate :

The output state of a digital logic XNOR gate returns HIGH

when the inputs are on SAME levels. In other words for a
logic XNOR gate, DIFFERENT input levels (no matter HIGH or
LOW) will give a LOW output. Ex-NOR gates are used mainly
in electronic circuits that perform arithmetic operation and
data checking such as Adders, Subtractors or Parity Checkers,
etc.
BUFFER Gate :

A BUFFER has only a single input and a single output. It

simply passes its input, unchanged, to its output. BUFFER is
mainly used to increase propagation delay. In a real-world
circuit, a buffer can be used to amplify a signal if its current is
too weak.