Getting to Know Plants

Terms To Remem
- - ber
-
* BIENNIAL PLANTS : plants having life cycle of two seasons.
* PRoP RooTs : rope-like roots growing from the main branches of a tree
and move downwards to penetrate into the ground.
* STILT RooTs : roots growing from near the base of stem.
* AXILLARY Buos : the buds which give rise to branches.
* CHLOROPHYLL : green coloured pigment present in the leaves.
* PETIOLE : short stalk connecting the leaf blade to the stem.
* VENATION : arrangement of veins on a leaf.
* STOMATA : the tiny openings in the lowest layer of leaves.
* TRANSPIRATION : loss of water from the leaves of a plant.
* SEPAL : the outermost green leaf-like structure in a flower.
* STAMEN : the male part of a flower.
::: PISTIL : the female part of a flower.

You might have seen different kind f I .

are big, whereas some others are so.Pant s at various places. Some plan~
colours, and sizes. Most plants h small. Different plants give flowers of different
~ . ' owever, have certain common parts
ar1ous P_arts of a plant are shown in .
fi gure alongside.
Get familiarized with vario
Chapter Contents a plant. us parts of
• Classification of plants
- Herbs, shrubs and
trees
• Parts of a plant
t '.i )o :foll~~ 7'
• Root system Flowering and nonflo .
• Shoot system Most of the plants wen pg plants
• Stem ow Th we see around
• Leaf
fl ers. ese are called . us bear
Plants like Rose S r11 flowenng plants Stem - -- -
• Flowers and fruits
Mustard etc. a..,'jlun;,ow
,e ow . er, Mana ·
o 0,
Plants like M enng plants.
flower Th oss, Algae, Fun . d
s. ese are called .gz o not bear
Plants. ~ - nonflowering
Secondary r

( 90) Parts of a plant

 To STUDY THE CHARACTERS OF
DIFFERENT PLANTS .
MATERIALS REQUIRED : Plants of diff .
d h erent sizes-one of your height and one shorter
an anot er taller tha n you.
PROCEDURE : Measure th e height of each plant
L k .
oo closely at the stem and bra nches of the plants
Exa mine the stem of
eac h PIa nt by 1
.
ust b ending. Measure
.
thickness
0 f th e stems al so .

OBSERVATIONS •
· Record your o bservat1.o ns in the table 9 1
·ven beIow:

Stem Branches
- I
Name
of the Starting Starting
Height
plant Green Tender Th ick from the from the
Hard
base of the top of the
stem stem
...... Shorter than
me( ... ... m )

······ My height
( .. .... m)
.. .... Taller than
me(. ... .. m)

CONCLUSION : On the basis of height, nature of stem and bra nch ing, the flowering
plants ca n be classified into three cl asses .

CLASSIFICATION OF PLANTS : HERBS, SHRUBS AND TREES

Most plants are classified on the basis of their size and structure into the
following three types :
Herbs
Small plants (< 1 metre in height) with green and
soft stem are called herbs. For example, Wheat, Paddy,
Cabbage, Grass, Tulsi, Coriander, Mustard plants are herbs.
Cabbage : A herb
Shrubs
Shrubs are medium-sized plants (1- 3 metre in height)
with thin branches starting from just above the ground. Their Rose plant : A shrub
stem is hard and thin. For example, Bougainvillea, Lemon,
Corinda (Karonda), Henna, Rose plants are shrubs.
Trees
Trees are tall and large plants (> 3 metre in height)
with hard and woody stem. They have one main stem (called
trunk). The trunk gives out many branches at certain height.
Branches carry leaves. For example, Neem, Mango, Mango tree
Coconut are trees.
■ Getting to Know Plants
 rs and Climbers t from the herbs, shrubs and
Creep;ome plants are d\:e~~;nts like Mint (Pudina ) and
trees. For examp st'ms that spread on the ground
gourd have weak e . ht Such plants are called
and cannot stand upr1g .
creepers. . and Money plant have
Some plants like ;ea~pport of the neighbouring
weak stems that t~. ebs up Such plants are called
plant/support to c im .
climbers · 1· ·t · t
Money plant : • • ts u have studied in previous ac 1v1 y in o trees' shru"-Ul,
A climber Now classify the P1an yo
and herbs.
❖ Tree : ........................... ... ..... .
. ... ....... .......... .... .... . . . . .. .
❖ Shrub : ............... ............ ........ .

;.
❖ Herb : ................................ ... .
..... ...................... ......... .-A:I. IIIMa.:

Herb Shrub Tree

Annual, Biennial and Perennial Plants
On the basis of their life cycle, plants are classified into the following three
classes:
❖ Annual plants : The plants whose life cycle,
from seed germination to the fruit formation, is
completed in one season are called annual plants.
These are generally herbs.
For example, Wheat, Paddy, Mustard, M oong,
Gram, Petunia and Balsam are annual plants.
Annual plants : Wheat
❖ B·•ennia · I PIants : The plants whose life cycle

f'M • · ----. r, requires two seasons for completion are callee

biennial plants.
For example, Carrots, Radish, Potato, Turnir
etc. are biennial plants. These are general 1
herbs and rarely shrubs.
Bi enma· I Plants have only vegetati.ve parts (leaf,
st em) during the first
flowers and fruits in th season and they produce
❖ Perennial Plants . The second season .
runs for more th. e Plants whose life cycle
Perennial Plants. an two seasons are called
For example, Trees of N
&boo/, Palms etc eem, Guava, Jamun,
N SCIENCE- 6 ■
Perennial Plants. ., are the examples of the Neem tree
 s:0
t:: ❖ Most plants have certain common parts.
~
:::s ❖ Most plants are classified into the trees shrubs and herbs on the basis of their
0 size and structure.
>. '
s:0 ❖ On the basis of life cycle, plants are divided into annual, biennial and perennial
t:: plants.
0
(./)

Oral Questions ormative

SESSIIENT
1. Name the part of a plant where photosynthesis takes place.
2. Write the specific name of the plant having a height of less than l metre.
3. By which name are the plants which spread on the ground called ?
4. Name a plant whose life cycle runs for more than two seasons.
5. Which of the following is a shrub ? Lemon, Mango, Coconut, Tulsi, Grass

PARTS OF A PLANT
The body of a plant consists of many
parts. Each part of a plant has a specific
function to perform. A group of two or
more parts of a plant is called a system.
Most plants consist of two systems :
Shoot
❖ Root system - the underground
part of the plant.
❖ Shoot system-the part of the
plant above the ground.
These two systems in a plant are shown
alongside. --i
Root
system
ROOT SYSTEM
Roots are the most important part of roots
.J
The two systems of a plant
a plant. Before we describe roots, let us
perform the following activities.

TO SHOW THAT ROOTS ARE NECESSARY FOR THE HEALTH AND GROWTH OF PLANTS.

MATERIAL REQUIRED : Pots with soil (2), A pair of scissors, Water.

PROCEDURE : Label the pots filled with soil as A
and B. Pull out two small weeds
of nearly the same size. Cut off
the roots of one of them . Plant the
weed with roots in pot A, and that
without roots in pot B. Water them.
Observe after a week.
[Bl
OeERVATION : The weed in pot A is healthy and [Al roots
growing. The weed in pot B appears to be dying.
CONCLUSION : Roots are necessary for the health and growth of plants.

■ Getting to Know Plants

 PLANTS FIRMLY IN THE SOIL.
ROOTS HOLD TH E
To SHOW THAT p t ·th soil (2), few seeds.
REQUIRED : OS WI
MATERIALS .
m see ds/ maize groins
PROCEDURE : P!ac~h~ f:: lr~ ot
A). Plant a weed
in
or any o e
th r plant in pot B. Water
them. Sprinkle a little water every doy.
Aft r a week or so, when seed has
e . ted pull out a seedling. You
germ1na II
do n't need to apply force to pu out
(A]
a seedling.
Let the other seedlings to gro w a little [BJ
longer. Try to pull it. You nee
force to pull the plant out of soil.
CON CLU SIO N : This shows
d
that the roots hold the pla nt firmly
in the soil.

To OBSERVE ROOTS OF A BROAD-LEAV

ED PLANT AND THAT OF LONG
- LEAVED PLANT.
PROCEDURE : Pull out two pla
nts -on e with bro ad leaves, (sho
· ven wing reticulate
ation) and ano the r hav ing lon
• g leaves (showing parallel
venation). Remove the soil by
wa shi ng. (a) (bl
Observe the roots of both the plants
.
OBSERVATIONS : Record your
observations.
Broad-leaved plant Long-leaved plant
(showing reticulate (showing parallel
venation) venation)
It has a main root and A bunch of thin fibre-
many smaller roots like roots.
coming out of it.
(a)Tap root
(b) Fibrous root
• Th e main
· root of a broad-lea
ved pla nt is called tap root.
The smaller roots are called lat era
l roots .
Fine hair-like struct
ures on Iatera I roots are called roo ..
• The bunch of th· f·b t hair
1·k .
in re- 1 e roo t 1s called fibrous
I
root.
The nongreen part of a
the root system. Roo ts d P1ant th at remains and grows und
erground is callee
soil and water. eve 1op from the radicle of the seed and
grow towarai
Types of Root
The root system consists of t
❖ Taproot w~ types of roots :
❖ Taproot . Th ❖ F1brou
. · e taproot is th s root
which many branch· -
e main root from
Plants of Pea, Radi;~gc:~ots grow sid
eways.
Balsam, Marigold Ti' . rot, Neem,
Mango,
taproots. The main t~sr, Mustard etc
., have
~ SCIENCE - 6 ■ downwards. proot grows vertically Root
"' hair
Taproot

L2t
 ❖ Fibrous root . A I t .
base of the tc_ us er of thin fibre-like roots at the
d . s em is called fibrous root. These roots
:~~:t itct
inh the fisobil. Plants of Wheat, Maize, Grass,
·, ave rous roots.
Functions of Root
Root has the following functions :
1)<5 'j'~tl 'IG!:>(')W ? ❖ Roots hold the plant firmly in the soil : Roots
penetrate deep down into the soil, spread out and -f .
Fibrous root
}Jost plants have . hold the plant firmly to the ground. In other words,
roots inside the sozl. roots are said to anchor the plant to the soil. Roots help the plant to
Certain plants, such remain standing even in strong wind.
as, sugarcane, money
plant, banyan have
❖ Roots absorb water and minerals from the soil : Root-hairs absorb water
roots both inside the and minerals from the soil and send them to the other parts of the plant.
soil and outside. Water and minerals are needed by the plants for their growth.
❖ Roots prevent soil erosion : Roots hold the soil together and save it from
being blown off by strong wind or washed away by flowing water.
Modified Roots
In certain plants, the structure of their roots is changed in a natural way to
perform additional functions. Such roots are called modified roots.
Some types of modified roots are described below :
,:, Modified roots store food : The plants such as, Radish, Carrot, Potato,
Sweet-potato and Beet have swollen roots. These roots can store food
produced by the plants. The plants use this food when needed.
Such modified roots are also used by us as food.

Radish Carrot Sweet potato

Modified roots of certain plants
❖ Modified roots provide additional support t~ the plant (or tree) :
In Banyan tree, rope-like roots grow _from_ the mam branches. These roots
on reaching the ground penetrate mto 1t
and provide support to the heavy branches. .y
These roots are called prop roots. f
Plants like Maize, Sugarcane a~d
Screwpine have long, thin stems. To remam
standing erect, such ste~s- need some
additional support. This add1t1onal support
to such plants is provided by the roots
growing from their stems. Such roots are Prop roots
called stilt roots.
~ ■ Getting to Know Plants
 l
. t of two systems- the root systern th
❖ Most of the plants cons1s ' e shoot
system.
ainl two types of roots-ta p root. and fibrous root.
❖ There are m Y d ·nerals from the soil, hold the plant finnly i
,.. Roots absorb water ~ rru n the sou
t soil erosion. ..
and preven t modified and perform additional functions
lants roots ge ·
,.. In some p , b d-leaved plant is called taproot.
. The main root of a roa .
... . fib -like root is called fibrous root.
❖ The bunch of thin re

Oral Questions W)ormative

AS s ESSMEN T

1. Nome the fwo systems of a plant. ?

2. What kind of roots does a mustard plant have ·
3. Mention one major function of roots.
4. Nome a plant whose modified root is also used by us as food .
5. Which type of leaf shows reticulate venation.

SHOOT SYSTEM
The portion of a plant above the ground is called the shoot system. The
shoot system of a plant consists of the main stem, its branches, leaves, flowers ,
and fruits. In this section, you will learn about these components of the shoot
system. I
Stem
The stem of a plant is a link between the
root and the leaves and flowers. The stem
is the main support of a plant. The stem of
a plant supports branches _which bear buds,
leaves, flowers and fruits. The shape, size
and nature of the stem differ from plant
to plant. Some plants have thin and weak
stems, whereas others have thick and wood
stems. Y
The stem of a plant ❖ i~e stem ~f a tree is called the trunk.
e trunk mmost trees is covered .
i 1J>o :>% Rr.i<>W
Shoot System
~ .
...
an outer covering called bark. Th with
protects the inner Part of the e bark
The .
Point from wher I trunk.
Flowers, Fruits called the node. e a eaf grows is Trunk Bark
Leaves ❖ The Portion of the stem b .
Branches ❖ The bud at the t . etween two nodes is called internode.
Stem grows at this bud~rminal end of the stem is an apical bud. The stern
# SCIENCE- 6 ■
❖ The buds wh· h .
. tc 9tve rise to b
ranches are called axillary buds.
- ,
 To
~ - 5 SHOW THAT WATER T
RAVELS UP THROUGH THE STEM OF A PLANT.

~ -- MATERIALS REQUIRED : Glasses (2), Red-ink, Freshly cut branches (2) of a plant

PROCEDURE · Take tw 0
•
(preferably bearing white flower), Blade.
I .h .
g asses wit 11ttle water in them. Label these glasses as A
and B.
Cut the lower end of the branches
obliquely (or at an angle) with the
help of a blade.
Put one branch in each of the
glasses. Add a few drops of red-ink
into the water in glass A, and shake it to mix the ink.
Leave the set up as such overnight. Observe the branches from inside
and the flower (if the branches had flowers). '
OBSERVATIONS : The branch from inside and the
flower on it in glass A appear
red . The colour of the branch
and the flower i n glass B
remains unchanged .
CONCLUSIO N : The observations made above
show that water travels up the
stem through narrow tubes in it.
In nature, water containing
minerals rises up through the stem to the other parts of the plant.

Functions of a Stem
The main functions of a stem are
-Oe, '~re,~ R~~ 'P ❖ Conduction of water and minerals : Stem carries water and mineral
from the roots to different parts of the plant.
Transport of water
and minerals up the ❖ Conduction of food made by leaves : Stem carries the food made by the
stem of a plant is leaves to the other parts of the plant.
called conduction of ❖ As a physical support : Stem supports branches, leaves, flowers and fruits
water and minerals.
of the tree.
Modified Stem
In certain plants, the structure of stem is changed in a natural way. Such
stems are called modified stems.
❖ some modified stems can store food : In certain plants, stem grows
underground and stores the food made by the leaves. Ginger, potato, and
onion are modified stems.
❖ some modified stems can make food : Plants like cactus, prickly pear
can perform all the functions of leaves by their modified stems.

~ ■ Getting to Know Plants

►
 Sca r of sc ale
'
leaf

Bud S ca r
of ~
st em !

Stem

Onion plant
_.J•~ed st em s
Some mouu•

,.. Th e m ain componen

ts o f the shoot system are stem, branches, leaves, flower
and fruits .
The point from
❖ where a leaf g ws is called node.
,.. The portion ro
of the stem be tween two n o d e s is called intemod
.., In certain p dified. Ginge e.
lants, stem ge r, p o ta to a n d
ts mo onions are mo difi d
stems . e

Oral Questio
ns l jjormative
l . Name t h . to n the st ~ ssessMEN
2 . Name thee pom em from wh
ere a le a f g
rows .
T
outer coveri
3 . M enti o n o ng on the trunk o f
ne functio a tree.
n of the stem
4 . Na me two modified st o f a plant.
ems which c
S. Which kin an store fo o
d.
d of buds g iv
e rise to bro h ?
nc es •

LEAF
Leaves are th
e most comm
many plants.
arising from
A leaf is a th
the node of
in
only seen pa
expanded ou
tg
rts of ... ,

rowth
of different p the stem. T Midrib
lants differ in h e leaves
leaves of mos shape and s
t plants are fl iz e. The
however, man at and green Petiole
y plants who . Th e re are,
The green colo se leaves are
ur c o loured.
of a green pig of the leaves is due to the
ment called c presence
hlorophyll.
❖ The green
flat portion o
blade or lamin f a leaf is cal
a. led leaf
❖ The leaf bla
de (or lamina
stem by a sho ) is attached
rt stalk called to the
Ail SCIENCE- 6 ■ ❖ Petiole con
tinues in the
petiole. Stem _
leaf as the m Parts of a te
id rib. af
 ❖ The midrib branches out to
form a network of veins.
The design made by the
~ o You K.oow r, veins in a leaf is called leaf
venation. veins -=--11-=w
The arrangement
ofveins in a leaf • If this design is net-like
is called leaf on both the sides of
venation. midrib, the venation is Leaf Venation : (a) Reticulate (b) Parallel
called reticulate.
• If the veins are parallel to each other, the venation is
called parallel venation.
Node Blade
l ❖ The leaves and branches are joined to the stem at nodes.
The part of stem between two nodes is called internode.
• When only one leaf is attached at each node, the stem
I P~o\,~
shows alternate arrangement of leaves.
Alternate Opposite Whorled • When two leaves arise at each node, the arrangement is
arrqngement arrangement arrangement called opposite arrangement.
Leaf arrangements • When several leaves are arranged at a node, the
arrangement is cal led the whorled arrangement.
❖ A leaf has a transparent Through pores, or stomata, Stomata also give
carbon dioxide and off unwanted
layer at its top. Under the water enter
skin there are many layers the leaf.

of the eel Is. These eel Is

are tiny bag-like structures
containing water and living
jelly. These eel Is contain
small packets of chlorophyll
(the green pigment). An open stomata as seen under a microscope
The lowest layer has some openings called stomata. The leaf breathes
through stomata.
♦:♦ Plants lose water in the form of vapour through tiny openings in leaves.
This process of losing water by leaves is called transpiration.
To SHOW THAT PLANTS LOSE WATER THROUGH LEAVES.

MATERIALS REQUIRED : A potted plant, Polythene bag, String.

PROCEDURE : Enclose a branch with leaves in a polythene bag . Close its mouth
with a string . After a few hours observe the ___ _
inner surface of the bag. What do you see
=----==~
there ? You find a few droplets of water
inside the bag . How did water droplets
reach there ?
Water vapour comes out of tiny pores in
leaves. It is this water vapour which on
condensation forms water droplets in the
bag.

■ Getting to Know Plants

~
lllllla.--------
 Functions of a Le~f f a leaf are

i '!lo :Yo!! K.noW ·i

The process by which
The various functions o
❖ Photosynthesis : _The ma i:
function of a leaf is to ma
.
Sun

Sunlight
food from carbon dioxide
a plant makes food
from carbon dioxide and water in the presence of
and water in the sunlight and chlorophyll. Thus
presence of chlorophyll leaves are the kitchen of the
and sunlight is called plants.
photosynthesis.
❖ Transpiration : The process
Reaction during
• of loss of water from the
phot osyn thesi s : leaves of a plant is called
Carbon dioxide + Water transpiration. Transpiration
Sunlight i
Chlorophyll helps in maintaining
Glucose + Oxygen temperature of the plant
body. Photosynthesis

❖ Respiration : During night when no photosynthes

is takes place, the
plants breathe-in oxygen and breathe-out carbon dioxide
through leaves.
Modified Leaves
In certain plants, the structure of leaves is changed in the
natural way. Such
leaves are called modified leaves. Spines and tendrils are
modified leaves.
The modified leaves perform some
additional functions. Leaf Tendri l

❖ The modified leaves reduce loss of

water, such as in desert plants.
❖ The modified leaves protect plants
from animals.
❖ The ~odi_fied leaves help the
plant m climbing-The leaves get
modi~ed into thread-like tendril
Tendrils coil around any support an~
help the plant to climb . The leaf tendrils of a pea plant

s:0 ❖ The leaf is a part of th

s:::: h
~ e s oot system
::s ,:, The green colour of the 1 . .
0
>. ,.. The main function of eaves is due t0 h
. t e prese nce of chlorophyll.
s: th a1
0 e presence of sunlight.eaf 1s to make food from carbo n dioxi .
s:::: de and water in
0
en ~ The process by which
the pr a plant mak
esence of chlorophyll d es food from carbo n dioxide ·
h
P otosynth · 0 an sunu h • and water Jfl
esis ~gen gas is given ·g
g t 15 called phot osyn thesis. DUJ111
• SCIENCE- 6 ■ out by the plarit.
 Oral Questions
~ ormative
U SESS MENT
1. What is the green flat portion of a leaf called ?
2. Name the openings through which a leaf breathes.
3. What is the arrangement in which only one leaf is attached to each node called ?
4. Which modified form of a leaf reduces loss of water from the plant ?
5. Name the process that occurs in green leaves in the presence of sunlight.

FLOWERS AND FRUITS

Anther } Stamen
Flowers are the most beautiful Filament
Petal (all petals
part of a plant. Flowers are of called corolla)
different sizes, shapes, colours and
Stigma}
fragrance. Flowers of some plants Style Pistil
-----Ovary
change into fruits. Ovules
Receptacle
Flower stem (Pedicel)
Structure of a Flower The vertical section of a flower
The basic parts of a flower are,
❖ Sepals : The outermost
Each ovary is
capable of producing green-leafy structures in
a whole garden. a flower are called sepals.
Sepals protect the flower
at the bud stage. Sepals
are the most important
part in an open flower.
❖ Petals : The leaf-I ike
coloured parts next to the
sepals are called petals. In
most flowers, petals give
pleasant fragrance. The
bright colour and fragrance Structure of a flower
of the petals attract insects
that help plants in reproduction. Anther Filaments

❖ Stamens : Many little stalks with swollen

tops around the centre of the flower are called
stamens. Stamens are the male parts of the
flower.
Each stamen consists of a thin green stalk
called filament with a bag-I ike top, called
anther. The anther carries several pollen
grains. Pollen grains are dust.like particles
and take part in reproduction. Parts of stamens
,
■ Getting to Know Plants
'1l
 Four-lobed anther Pollen
❖ Pistil (or carpel) : grains
Stigllla
A flask-shaped (to catch
Pollen)
structure in the
S1y1e
centre of the
flower is called Ovary
pistil, (or carpel). Ovule
Pistil is the female Placenta
part of the flower.
Section of
The lower broader Pistil
Stamen-Male reproductive organ
portion of the pistil
is called ovary.
The narrow upper portion of pistil is called the styl~. The sticky end at
the top of the style is called stigma. The ovary contains female sex cells
called ovules.
Flowers are developed into
fruits and form seeds by the process
of pollination. The transfer of
pollen grains from the anther of a
stamen to the stigma of the pisti I is
called pollination. After pollination,
the ovules change into seeds and Fruits with their seeds
the ovary of the flower grows and
develops into a fruit.
Functions of a Flower
,:. Flowers are the reproductive organs of the plant.
❖ The ovary of flower develops into the fruit. Its ovules form the seeds.
❖ Flowers are the source of perfumes flavouring foods and certain
medicines. '
❖ Nectar from flowers is used by honey bees to prepare honey.
TO STUDY THE STRUCTURE OF OVARY .

MATERIALS REQUIRED : Ovaries (2) , Blade

PROCEDURE : Place the ovarie 1·d
t ransverse Iy. son a s I e and cut one lo ngitudina lly and the other

Place the
sectors (cut
portions)
on a glass
slide and
put a drop longitudinal cut
of water (cut through the
middle of the Transverse cut
on them to ovary and along
(the blade must cut
prevent from the whole of its
the ovary through
drying. length) its widest part) .
l.ongttudlnaI cut
Ir SCIENCE - 6 ■ Transverse cut

Ovule
Locule
Internal structure of an ovary
(a) Longitudinal cut
(b) Transverse cut
Observe the following :
• Internal structure with a lens .
• Compare the various parts with those
shown in Figure given alongside .
• Count the Locules and Ovules.
Now break away pistil from the pedicel .
The top portion of pedicel which supports
all the other parts of the flower is called
receptacle.

Follow the Flowers-An Outdoor Activity

Visit a garden. Look at the flowers stud th
observations as follows : ' Y em and make a record of your

Sepals Petals Stamens Pistil

Name of Joined Joined Free or Present

S.No. the flower Number or Number or Number joined to or
Separate Separate petals Absent

1.

2.
3.
4.
'
❖ The basic parts of a flower are : sepals, petals, stamens and pistil.
❖ Pistil is the innermost part of a flower. It is the female part of the flower.
❖ The lower portion of pistil is called ovary.
❖ The narrow upper portion of the pistil is called style.
❖ The sticky end at the top of the style is called stigma.
❖ Stamen is the male part of the flower.

~ ormative
Oral Questions AS SESSMENT

l. Name the dust-like particles which take part in reproduction .

2 • Name the male parts of a flower.
J. Which part of flower becomes (a) seed (b) fruit?
4 · What is the lower broader portion of the pistil called ? .
5. What is the transfer of pollen grains from the anther of a stamen to the stigma of the pistil
called ?
■ Getting to Know Plants