EXPERIMENT I TORSION OF A ROD

1. AIM
To understand the principles of torsion testing, interpreting the
experimental results of the provided materials when failed under torsion
and to determine the maximum shearing stress.

2. APPARATUS

3. PROCEDURE
3.1 Setup a fixed chuck support and dial gauge mount in appropriate
positions to allow the clamping of a test specimen in the chuck and
the measurement of the lever displacement, and secure with knobs.
3.2 Place the free chuck support on the frame but do not secure yet.
Clamp the rod test specimen in the fixed chuck and manipulate the
free chuck support to clamp the other end of the test rod. Secure
the free chuck support with knob.
3.3 Assemble the lever on the rod test specimen with the grub screw
and ensure that the lever is horizontally level.
3.4 Position the dial gauge to measure the vertical displacement of the
lever tip.
3.5 Measure the length and the diameter of the rod.
3.6 Measure the diameter of the pulley.
3.7 Measure the length of the lever.
 3.8 Hook one end of the cord in the slot, provided on the load pulley
and wind along the pulley groove.
3.9 Carefully hang the mass hanger onto the other end of the cord.
3.10 Set the dial gauge to zero.
3.11 Place a 100g mass on to the mass hanger and record the mass
and the displacement.
3.12 Repeat the procedure 3.11 by increase the load with the
increment of 100g until 600g.

4. CALCULATIONS
4.1 Using the given pulley radius and the weight values, calculate the
torque applied to the specimens.
4.2 Calculate the theoretical angle of twist.
4.3 Calculate the experimental angle of twist for the specimen by using
the dial gauge readings and the lever distance to where the dial
gauge makes contact.
4.4 Calculate the maximum torsional shear stress and compare the
values to the shear stress limits of the material and discuss.
EXPERIMENT 2 EQUILLIBRUM OF A BEAM

1. AIM
Measure the force on the support of a cantilever under different load
forces at one end of the beam when is in static equilibrium.

2. APPARATUS

3. PROCEDURE

3.1 Setup a spring scale support plate to the far left of the frame
assembly and a digital force support just to the left of the frame
center line. Secure with knobs and zero the load cell reading.
3.2 Connect the spring scale to the hooks provided on the beam
assembly and slide a wire hanger over the other end of the beam.
3.3 Carefully place the beam on the digital force support knife-edge
and ensure that the edge run perpendicular to the beam font face.
Connect the other end of the spring scale to the support plate
setup on the frame struts. Shift the beam left and right to ensure
that the spring scale is perfectly aligned vertically.
3.4 Adjust the knob to extend the spring scale until the beam sits level
and stable without any human interference.
 3.5 Take measurements of position of digital force support, spring
balance and wire hanger.
3.6 Record the reading on the spring scale and digital force support, as
well as spring balance.
3.7 Weigh the mass hanger on wire hanger and record reading on
spring balance and digital force support.
3.8 Adjust the knob again until the beam assembly sits level and stable
without any human interference.
3.9 Repeat step 7 and 8 by increasing the weight on mass hanger by
increment of 100g .
3.10 Record the reading on spring scale and a digital force support for
every increase of weight on the mass hanger.

4. EXPIREMENTAL DATA

Length of the beam:

Distance from spring balance to digital force support:
Distance from digital force balance to wire hanger :

Weights Digital force support (N) Spring balance (kg)

5. CALCULATIONS

5.1 Draw a free body diagram of the cantilever beam with load, indicate
all forces and moments acting on the beam.
5.2 Calculate the vertical reaction force at the knife-edge by applying the
equilibrium equation and summing all the vertical forces. Calculate
 the vertical reaction force at the knife-edge by applying the
equilibrium equation and summing all the vertical forces.
5.3 Calculate the bending moment at the knife-edge by applying the
equilibrium equation and summing all moments produced by the
various forces acting on the beam.
5.4 Calculate the experimental moment by using the difference in spring
scale readings and the offset of the spring scale hook from the knife-
edge support.
5.5 Compare the calculated vertical reaction force and bending moment
to the experimental values and discuss any discrepancies.

6. CONCLUSION

EXPERIMENT 3 SHEAR TEST

1. Aim
To determine the shear strength, which is the maximum shear stress that the
material can withstand before failure occurs.

2. Apparatus

Technical data

Specimen diameter = mm

Specimen length = mm

Specimen Material = Electrical Grade Copper

3. Procedure

3.1 Measure the specimen diameter

 3.2Place the shear anvil and lower shear support with specimen inserted
between the compression plates and remove all slack between the
components.
3.3Slowly pump the handle of the test unit hand pump.
3.4 Record the force and elongation on the digital gauge.
3.5Continue to apply force in increments of 1KN and watch the applied
force rise.
3.6Apply the force until the specimen shears.
3.7Remove the specimen.
4. Experimental data

Force (N) Deflection (mm)

5. Calculations

5.1Calculate and compare the shear strength of the specimen.

5.2Drawn a graph of Force and shear deflection.

6. Conclusion